Libanius (Greek: Λιβάνιος, Libanios; ca. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly 314-ca. Events By Place Roman Empire 8 October — War between Constantine I and Licinius: Licinius is defeated at the 394) was a Greek-speaking teacher of rhetoric of the later Roman Empire, an educated Pagan of the Sophist school in an Empire that was turning Christian. Events By Place Roman Empire September 6 — Battle of the Frigidus: Emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills the usurper The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning "country dweller rustic" is a word used to refer to various religions and religious beliefs from across the world
He was born into a once-influential, deeply cultured family of Antioch that had recently lost most of its wealth and influence. Antioch on the Orontes (Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη Antiochia ad Orontem also When fourteen years old, Libanius fell in love with rhetoric and focused his whole life on it. Rhetoric has had many definitions no simple definition can do it justice Like many 4th-century pagans of high education, Libanius withdrew from public life and devoted himself to scholarship. He scorned to become familiar with Latin literature and deplored its influence and the increasing imperial pressures on the traditional city-oriented culture that had been supported and dominated by the local upper classes. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Libanius used his arts of rhetoric as a potent defender of private and political causes. He was one of the last voices to speak in favour of religious toleration, although his religious and cultural views did not preclude long-lasting friendships with Christians, both as private individuals and as imperial officials. Religious toleration is the condition of accepting or permitting others' religious beliefs and practices which disagree with one's own
He studied in Athens and began his career in Constantinople as a private tutor, but was soon exiled to Nicomedia. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS Nicomedia ( Greek: Νικομήδεια modern İzmit) was founded by Nicomedes I of Bithynia at the head of the Gulf of Astacus which opens Before his exile, Libanius was friend of the emperor Julian, with whom some correspondence survives, and for whose memory he wrote the orations that are the highlights of his literary works; they were composed between 362 and 365. Flavius Claudius Julianus, known also as Julian or Julian the Apostate (331 or 332 to 26 June 363) was Roman Emperor (Caesar Events By Place Roman Empire Julian gathers an army of 60000 men a fleet of fifty warships and a thousand transport boats Events By place Roman Empire July 21 — An earthquake and Tsunami devastates Crete, Alexandria Libanius has much to tell us about the fanatical world of the later 4th century. Libanius's first Oration I is a revealing and colorful autobiographical narrative, first written in 374 and revised throughout his life, a scholar's account that ends as an old exile's private journal. In 354, he accepted the chair of rhetoric in Antioch, where he stayed until his death. Events By Place Roman Empire Constantius Gallus, Caesar of the East is deposed and executed on orders of Constantius II Although a pagan, his students included the Christians John Chrysostom and Theodore of Mopsuestia. Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning "country dweller rustic" is a word used to refer to various religions and religious beliefs from across the world Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings This article refers to the Christian saint For other uses of the name see Chrysostomos. Theodore the Interpreter (ca 350 - 428 was bishop of Mopsuestia, a city in what is now Turkey which has since declined into a village which is now known as He was a friend of the pagan Emperor Julian, yet was made an honorary praetorian prefect by the very Christian Emperor Theodosius I. Flavius Claudius Julianus, known also as Julian or Julian the Apostate (331 or 332 to 26 June 363) was Roman Emperor (Caesar Flavius Theodosius (January 11 347 – January 17 395 also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great ( Greek: Θεοδόσιος Α΄
Works
- 64 orations in the three fields of oratory: judicial, deliberative, and epideictic, both orations as if delivered in public and orations meant to be privately read (aloud) in the study. The two volumes of selections in the Loeb Classical Library devote one volume to Libanius' orations that bear on the emperor Julian, the other on Theodosius; the most famous is his "Lamentation" about the desecration of the temples (peri ton leron);
- 51 declamationes, a traditional public-speaking format of Rhetoric in Antiquity, taking set topics with historical and mythological themes (translations into English by e. Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance g. D. A. Russell, "Libanius: Imaginary Speeches"; M. Johansson, "Libanius' Declamations 9 and 10";
- 57 hypotheses or introductions to Demosthenes' orations (written ca 352), in which he sets them in historical context for the novice reader, without polemics;
- several dozen model writing exercises, Progymnasmata, that were used in his courses of instruction and became widely admired models of good style;
- 1544 letters have been preserved, more letters than those of Cicero. For the Athenian general see Demosthenes (general. For the ancient physician see Demosthenes Philalethes. Some 400 additional letters in Latin were later accepted, purporting to be translations, but were demonstrated to be misattributed or forgeries by the Italian humanist Francesco Zambeccari in the 15th century, in a dispassionate examination of the texts themselves. Humanism is a broad category of ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appealing to universal
External links
- (French) Centre Libanios, the Libanius Site by P. -L. Malosse.
- Two moral anecdotes from the Progymnasmata: (in English) on the harshness of classical Roman education and an encomium of Thersites
- Libanius: "Funeral Oration on Julian"
- Libanius and Eurasian political economy on the history of the so-called Libaniusian model
English translations
- Scott Bradbury, Selected Letters of Libanius. Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency In Greek mythology, Thersites, son of Agrius, was a rank-and-file soldier of the Greek army during the Trojan War. Liverpool, University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-85323-509-0
- A. F. Norman, Libanius: Selected Works, 2 volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Loeb Classical Library, 1969-1977.
- A. F. Norman, Libanius: Autobiography and Selected Letters, 2 volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Loeb Classical Library, 1993. (Reviewed in Bryn Mawr Classical Reviews). )
- Otto Seeck, Die Briefe des Libanios
- Raffaella Cribiore, The School of Libanius in Late Antique Antioch. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007. (Includes ET of c 200 letters dealing with the school and its students)(Reviewed in Bryn Mawr Classical Reviews). )
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic