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| Type | Daily newspaper |
| Format | Compact |
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| Owner | Libération |
| Editor | Antoine de Gaudemar |
| Founded | 1973 |
| Political allegiance | Socialism |
| Headquarters | 11, rue Béranger F-75154 Paris Cedex 03 |
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| Website: www.liberation.fr | |
Libération (affectionately known as Libé) is a French daily newspaper founded in Paris in 1973 by Jean-Paul Sartre, Pierre Victor alias Benny Lévy and Serge July in the wake of the protest movements of May 1968. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. A compact newspaper is a Broadsheet -quality newspaper printed in a Tabloid format especially in the United Kingdom. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (21 June 1905 &ndash 15 April 1980 commonly known simply as Jean-Paul Sartre (ʒɑ̃ pol saʁtʁə was a French Benny Lévy (aka Pierre Victor) was a philosopher political activist and author Broadly speaking, Libération's editorial point of view is currently center-left. The centre-left (or center-left) is a political term commonly used to describe or denote individuals political parties or organizations (such as Think Originally a leftist newspaper, it has undergone a number of shifts, in particular during the 1980s and 1990s, and, more recently, since Edouard de Rothschild's entrance in its capital (37%) in January 2005. Édouard Etienne Alphonse de Rothschild (born December 27, 1957 in Neuilly-sur-Seine France) is a businessman and part of the prominent Serge July's campaign for the "yes" vote in the referendum on the TCE (Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe) alienated it from a number of its left-wing readers. The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (TCE commonly referred to as the European Constitution, was an unimplemented international Treaty intended As of 2007, it has a circulation of about 140,000 [1]. Libé was also the first French daily to have a website.
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History
Libération-Nord and Libération-Sud
Libération was originally the name of the clandestine resistance newspapers Libération-Nord (published in Northern, occupied France) and Libération-Sud (published in Southern France), first published in July 1941. The French Resistance is the collective name used for the French Resistance movements which fought against the Nazi German
Libération, a newspaper founded in 1973 by Jean-Paul Sartre
First period (1973-1981)
The second, current newspaper, founded by Jean-Paul Sartre, published under the title Libération has been published from 3 February 1973. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Sartre remained editor of Libération until May 24, 1974.
The paper was initially run along non-hierarchical lines, with all staff – from the editor-in-chief to the janitor – receiving the same salary, but this later gave way to a "normal set-up". @@@ main@@@ - title Hierarchy@@@ keywords structure; sociology; information@@@ review@@@ - In the early 1980s it began to take advertisements and allowed external bodies to have a stake in its financing, which it had completely refused before, but continued to maintain a left-of-centre editorial stance.
Second period (1981 to present)
After several crises, Libération temporarily stopped being published in February 1981. It resumed publication on May 13 under a new format, with Serge July as new director.
Libération has a decidedly self-described progressive editorial line, generally supportive of causes such as anti-racism, feminism, and workers' rights. Progressivism is a term that refers to a broad school of international social and political philosophies. Although it is not affiliated with any political party, it has, from its theoretical origins in the May 1968 turmoil in France, a left-wing slant [2]. According to co-founder and former director Serge July, Libé was an activist newspaper that, however, does not support any particular political party, acts as a counter-power, and generally has bad relations with both left-wing and right-wing administrations. Libé's opinion pages (rebonds) publish views from many political standpoints. An example of their proclaimed independent, "counter-power" slant is when in 1993 Libération leaked former Socialist president François Mitterrand's illegal wiretapping program. The Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste, PS is the largest left-wing political party in France. François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand ( 26 October 1916 8 January 1996 served as President of France from 1981 to 1995 elected as representative of the Socialist
Libé is known for its sometimes alternative points of view on cultural and social events. For instance, in addition to reports about crimes and other events, it also chronicles daily criminal trials, bringing in a more human vision of petty criminals. As Serge July puts it , "the equation of Libération consisted in combining counter-culture and political radicalism" [3]. Critics contend, however, that this radicalism has largely receded since the 1970s and that Libé is no longer a truly left-wing newspaper. The editors' decision, in 2005, to support the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (TCE) was criticized by many of its readers, who later decided to vote "no" to a treaty seen as too liberal, lacking social views deemed necessary to the solid foundation of a "European nation". The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (TCE commonly referred to as the European Constitution, was an unimplemented international Treaty intended Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal
Édouard de Rothschild's involvement
In 2005 Libération badly needed funds, and Serge July strove to convince the board to allow Édouard de Rothschild to buy a stake in the paper. Édouard Etienne Alphonse de Rothschild (born December 27, 1957 in Neuilly-sur-Seine France) is a businessman and part of the prominent The board agreed on 20 January, 2005. Social conflicts arose shortly after. On 25 November, 2005, the paper went on strike, protesting layoffs of 52 workers. Strike action, often simply called a strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal by Employees to perform work. Layoff is the temporary suspension or permanent Termination of employment of an Employee or (more commonly a group of employees for Business reasons [4]. Rothschild, who had promised he would not interfere in editorial decisions, decided that he wasn't playing an active enough role in the paper's management. [5]. In May 2006 the paper announced a week-end magazine called Libé week-end, with a supplement called Ecrans (covering television, internet and film), and another called R. (The latter was abandoned in September of the same year)
On 13 June 2006, Serge July told the editorial staff that Édouard de Rothschild was refusing to invest more money in the paper unless Louis Dreyfus (directeur général) and himself left the paper. July had accepted, believing the paper's future existence to depend on his decision. The journalists were shocked. The next day, they published a public statement praising the paper's founder and expressing their worries about journalistic independence. [6]. Serge July left the paper on 30 June, 2006[7].
A debate between Bernard Lallement, the first administrator-manager of Libération and Edouard de Rothschild took place in Le Monde newspaper. Le Monde (The World is a In a column published on 4 July, 2006, Lallement argued that July's departure was the end of an era where "writing meant something". Lallement painted a bleak picture of Libération's future, as well as that of the press as a whole. Criticizing Rothschild's interference, Lallement quoted Sartre, who had famously said that "Money doesn't have any ideas",[8]. Later, on his blog, Lallement argued that Rothschild, who had had no historic attachment to the paper, was only interested in making money, not in the paper itself. [9] On 6 July, Rothschild declared: "Libération needs help and moral, intellectual and financial support. Libération doesn't need a requiem. "[10]
62 employees (including 35 journalists, such as Antoine de Gaudemar, chief editor, Sorj Chalandon, who was awarded the Albert Londres prize, both present since the 1973 creation of Libé, or Pierre Haski, deputy editor, present since 1981, were about to resign end of January 2007 (on a total of 276 employees). Albert Londres (1884 - 1932 was a French Journalist and Writer. Pierre Haski ( Tunis, 8 April 1953 is a French Journalist, co-founder of Rue 89. With the 55 others employees who left the newspaper end of 2005, this makes a total of about 150 persons who were dismissed since Rothschild's entrance to the capital, not including tens of resignations (Florence Aubenas, Dominique Simonnot, Antoine de Baecque, Jean Hatzfeld. Florence Aubenas (born February 6, 1961 in Brussels) is a French journalist who worked until 2006 for the French newspaper Libération . . ) [11]
In May 2007, former Libération journalists, including Pierre Haski or Pascal Riché (Op-Ed editor of Libération) created the news website Rue 89. Pascal Riché (born June 1962) is a French Journalist, co-founder of Rue 89 along with Arnaud Aubron Michel Lévy-Provençal Laurent Rue 89 is a French Website created by former journalists from Libération.
Circulation statistics
| Year | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2004-2005 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circulation | 169 427 | 169 011 | 171 551 | 164 286 | 158 115 | 146 109 | 140 334 [1] |
See also
References
- ^ a b OJD (Office de justification de la diffusion, French NGO responsible for surveying newspaper circulation
- ^ Interviews with journalists from Libération (French)
- ^ Interview with Serge July (on official French government website) (French)
- ^ Libération ? Un cas d’école pour la presse française, L'Humanité, May 26, 2006 (French)
- ^ Les raisons d'un divorce, Le Figaro, June 14, 2006 (French)
- ^ Depuis trente-trois ans, Serge July, cofondateur de «Libération»...., Libération, June 14, 2006 (French)
- ^ « Pourquoi je quitte "Libération" » ; Serge July ; Libération ; 30 juin 2006
(article en ligne)« The orchestral conductor that I was bids you farewell. Le Monde (The World is a Le Figaro is one of the leading French morning daily Newspapers Its editorial line is conservative and has generally been supportive of L'Humanité ("Humanity" formerly the daily newspaper of the French Communist Party (PCF was founded in 1904 by Jean Jaurès, a leader of the La Croix is a French, Roman Catholic, daily Newspaper. It is published in Paris and distributed throughout the country with a circulation This article refers to a French newspaper For other papers of the same name see La Tribune (disambiguation La Tribune is a French financial L'Humanité ("Humanity" formerly the daily newspaper of the French Communist Party (PCF was founded in 1904 by Jean Jaurès, a leader of the Le Figaro is one of the leading French morning daily Newspapers Its editorial line is conservative and has generally been supportive of
The journalist who I am is infinitely sad no longer to be able to write here.
The reader that I shall remain bids you good-bye. » - ^ Une complainte pour Libé ; Le Monde 4 juillet 2006
- ^ Libé : un paradoxe très cavalier 6 July, 2006
- ^ Libération n'a pas besoin de requiem ; Le Monde 6 juillet 2006
- ^ "Libération" : 62 candidats au départ, Le Monde, January 23, 2007 - URL accessed on January 23, 2007 (French)
External links
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