Liaoning - Citizendia

CNY 925. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Liaoyang ( is a city in China Liaoning province located in the middle of the heavily polluted Liaodong Peninsula. Xingcheng ( Chinese: 兴城 Pinyin: Xīngchéng former name Ningyuan (宁远 is a Chinese city with more than 100000 inhabitants in Huludao A province, in the context of China, is a translation of sheng ( which is an administrative division Shenyang ( Ch: 沈阳 pinyin Shěnyáng, or Mukden ( in Manchu) is a Sub-provincial city and capital of Liaoning The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the A committee (some of which are titled instead as a "Commission" or other terms discussed below in) is a type of small Deliberative assembly that is usually intended Zhang Wenyue ( born October 1944) is the current Communist Party of China Liaoning provincial committee Secretary, succeeding his colleague Li Chen Zhenggao ( Chinese: 陈政高 Pinyin: Chén Zhènggāo born March 1952 was born in Haicheng, Liaoning Province of China Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions special administrative In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions municipalities This articles lists of the first-level administrative divisions of People's Republic of China (P Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 7 billion (8th)
CNY 21,802 (8th)

HDI (2005)

0. This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of Mainland China (including all provinces autonomous regions and municipalities in order of their total Gross This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions and municipalities in order of The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 808 (high) (5th)

Major nationalities

Han - 84%
Manchu - 13%
Mongol - 2%
Hui - 0. The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. 6%
Korean - 0. The Korean people are an East Asian Ethnic group. Most Koreans speak the Korean language. 6%
Xibe - 0. The Xibe ( Sibe;) are an Ethnic group living mostly in northeast China and Xinjiang. 3%

Prefecture-level

14 divisions

County-level

100 divisions

Township-level†

1511 divisions

ISO 3166-2

CN-21

Official website
www. Prefecture, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 ( xiàn) Township ( is the basic level of political divisions in China. ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO ln. gov. cn
(Simplified Chinese)

Source for population and GDP data:

《中国统计年鉴—2005》 China Statistical Yearbook 2005
ISBN 7503747382

Source for nationalities data:

《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》 Tabulation on nationalities of 2000 population census of China
ISBN 7105054255

† As at December 31, 2004

Liaoning (help·info) (simplified Chinese: 辽宁; traditional Chinese: 遼寧; pinyin: Liáoníng) is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Northeast China ( is a geographical region of China. It is separated from Russia largely by the Amur, Argun, and Ussuri rivers from See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Its one-character abbreviation is Liao (辽 pinyin: liáo). A Chinese character, also known as a Han character ( is a Logogram used in writing Chinese (hanzi Japanese (

"Liáo" is an ancient name for this region, which was adopted by the Liao Dynasty (Khitan Empire) which ruled this area between 907 and 1125. The Liao Dynasty ( 907 - 1125, also known as the Khitan Empire (契丹國 was an empire in northern China that ruled over the regions of Manchuria Events By Place Asia Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople (see Rus'-Byzantine "Níng" means "peacefulness". The modern province was established in 1907 as Fengtian province (奉天 pinyin: Fèngtiān; Postal map spelling: Fengtien) and the name was changed to Liaoning in 1929. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Chinese Postal Map Romanization ( Traditional Chinese: 郵政式拼音 Simplified Chinese: 邮政式拼音 Pinyin: Yóuzhèngshì Pīnyīn refers to the Under the Japanese puppet Manchukuo regime, the province reverted to its old name, but the name Liaoning was restored in 1945. Manchukuo (ja [[wikt満州国満州国]] Manshūkoku lit "State of Manchuria " was a Puppet state in Manchuria and eastern

Liaoning is located in the southern part of China's Northeast. Liaoning borders the Yellow Sea (Korea Bay) and the Bohai Gulf in the south, North Korea in the southeast, Jilin Province to the northeast, Hebei Province to the west, and Inner Mongolia to the northwest. The Yellow Sea is the name given to the northern part of the East China Sea, which is a Marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. Korea Bay, also called West Korea Bay, is located at the north of the Yellow Sea, between Liaoning Province of China and North P'yŏngan Bo Hai ( also known as Bohai Sea or Bohai Gulf, is the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea on the coast of northeastern China. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, ( Postal map spelling: Kirin; Manchu: Girin ula is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern ( Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a northern province of the People's Republic of China. Inner Mongolia ( Mongolian:, Öbür mongɣul; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol is the Mongol

The Yalu River marks the border between North Korea and the Chinese provinces of Jilin and Liaoning. The Yalu River ( Chinese) or the Amnok River ( Korean) is a River on the border between China and North Korea. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, ( Postal map spelling: Kirin; Manchu: Girin ula is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern It empties into the Korea Bay between Dandong (Liaoning) and Sinŭiju (North Korea). Dandong ( Wade-Giles Tan-Tung is a city in the Liaoning province China. Sinŭiju ( Sinŭiju-si) is a city in North Korea, on the border with China and is the capital of North P'yŏngan Province

History

Liaoning is located in the southern part of China's Northeast. Northeast China ( is a geographical region of China. It is separated from Russia largely by the Amur, Argun, and Ussuri rivers from The Qin and Han dynasties were able to establish rule over much of what is Liaoning; later on governments headed by various people such as the Gojoseon, Xianbei, Goguryeo, Khitan and Jurchen ruled Liaoning. Not to be confused with the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. Gojoseon was an ancient Korean kingdom considered the first proper nation of the Korean people. The Xianbei ( were a significant nomadic people residing in Manchuria and eastern Mongolia, or Xianbei Shan. Goguryeo or Koguryo was an ancient Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean peninsula, southern Manchuria, and The Khitan (or Khitai,) were a Nomadic people, located in Mongolia and modern Manchuria (Northeast China from the 4th century dominating much of it The Jurchens ( were a Tungus people who inhabited the region of Manchuria ( Northeast China) until the 17th century when they adopted the name Manchu In the seventeenth century, the Manchus established their capital in modern Shenyang, Liaoning, before they conquered the rest of China and set up the Qing Dynasty in 1644. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in Shenyang ( Ch: 沈阳 pinyin Shěnyáng, or Mukden ( in Manchu) is a Sub-provincial city and capital of Liaoning Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China In the last half of the seventeenth century the imperial government recruited migrants from Shandong to settle the relatively sparsely populated area. ( is a coastal province of eastern People's Republic of China. Many of the current residents of Liaoning trace their ancestry to these seventeenth century settlers. For the rest of the Manchu era, China's Northeast was off-limits to Han Chinese, and was ruled by three generals, one of whom, the General of Shengjing, ruled much of modern Liaoning. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. Shenyang ( Ch: 沈阳 pinyin Shěnyáng, or Mukden ( in Manchu) is a Sub-provincial city and capital of Liaoning

In 1860, the Manchu government began to reopen the region to migration, which quickly resulted in Han Chinese becoming the dominant ethnic group in the region. Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. In the twentieth century, the province of Fengtian was set up in what is Liaoning today. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on When Japan and Russia fought the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-1905, many key battles took place in Liaoning, including the Battle of Port Arthur and the Battle of Mukden, which was, to that point, the largest land battle ever fought. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Battle of Port Arthur (Japanese 旅順港閉塞作戦 Ryojunkō Heisoku Sakusen, February 8-9 1904 was the starting battle of the Russo-Japanese War The Battle of Mukden (Japanese 奉天会戦 Hōten kaisen) the last major land Battle of the Russo-Japanese War, was fought from 20 February During the Warlord Era in the early twentieth century, Liaoning was under the Fengtian Clique, including Zhang Zuolin and his son Zhang Xueliang; in 1931, Japan invaded and the area came under the rule of the Japanese-controlled puppet state of Manchukuo. The Fengtian Clique ( was one of several mutually hostile Cliques or factions that split from the Beiyang Clique in the Republic of China 's Warlord Zhāng Zuòlín ( Traditional Chinese: 張作霖 Simplified Chinese: 张作霖, Pinyin: Zhāng Zuòlín Wade-Giles: Chang Tso-lin Zhang Xueliang or Chang Hsüeh-liang ( English occasionally Peter Hsueh Liang Chang) ( 3 June 1901 (according to other accounts in For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. A puppet state is a State that is nominally independent but in reality under the control of another power Manchukuo (ja [[wikt満州国満州国]] Manshūkoku lit "State of Manchuria " was a Puppet state in Manchuria and eastern The Chinese Civil War that took place following Japanese defeat in 1945 had its first major battles (the Liaoshen Campaign) in and around Liaoning. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Liaoshen Campaign ( literally the abbreviation of Liaoning-Shenyang Campaign, was part of the three major campaigns launched by the People's Liberation Army

Dalian aquarium. Dalian (;; Japanese: Dairen Russian: Далянь Dalian or Дальний Dalny is the governing Sub-provincial city in the eastern Liaoning

At the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Liaoning did not exist; instead there were two provinces, Liaodong and Liaoxi, as well as five municipalities, Shenyang, Luda, Anshan, Fushun, and Benxi. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Liáodōng Peninsula ( is a Peninsula in the Liáoníng province of northeastern China, historically known in the west as southern east- Manchuria Direct-controlled municipality (直辖市 zhíxiáshì) is the highest level classificiation for Cities used by Chinese governments with status equal to Ānshān; lit 'saddle mountain' is the third largest Prefecture level city in Liaoning province of China. Fushun ( is a city in Liaoning, China, about 45 km from Shenyang, with a population about 1 Benxi ( is a Prefecture-level city located in the Liaoning province of China, south-southeast of Shenyang. These were all merged together into "Liaoning" in 1954, and parts of former Rehe province were merged into Liaoning in 1955. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Administration Rehe was located north of the Great Wall, west of Manchuria, and east of Mongolia. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) During the Cultural Revolution Liaoning also took in a part of Inner Mongolia, though this was reversed later. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in the People’s Republic of China was a struggle for power within the Communist Party of China that manifested into Inner Mongolia ( Mongolian:, Öbür mongɣul; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol is the Mongol

Liaoning was one of the first provinces in China to industrialize, first under Japanese occupation, and then even more in the 1950s and 1960s. The city of Anshan, for example, is home to one of the largest iron and steel complexes in China. In recent years this early focus on heavy industry has become a liability, as many of the large state-run enterprises have experienced economic difficulties. Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning as compared to Light industry. Recognizing the special difficulties faced by Liaoning and other provinces in Northeast China because of their heritage of heavy industry, the Chinese central government recently launched a "Revitalize the Northeast" Campaign. Revitalize The Old Northeast Industrial Bases ( also Revitalize Northeast China or Northeast China Revitalization, is a policy adopted by the People's Republic

Politics

Main article: Politics of Liaoning

The politics of Liaoning is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China. The politics of Liaoning Province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in Mainland The Governor of Liaoning (辽宁省省长) is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Liaoning. The politics of Liaoning Province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in Mainland However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Liaoning Communist Party of China Provincial Committee Secretary (辽宁省委书记), colloquially termed the "Liaoning CPC Party Chief". The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the In the Politics of the People's Republic of China, a party chief (Chinese 党委书记 variously called a party boss, and officially termed the Communist Party

Previous to 1949 and the takeover of the Communist forces, Liaoning was governed by the Fengtian clique of warlords and interchangeably officials of the Chiang Kai-shek bureaucracy. The Fengtian Clique ( was one of several mutually hostile Cliques or factions that split from the Beiyang Clique in the Republic of China 's Warlord Chiang Kai-shek ( POJ: Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k Jyutping: zoeng2gaai3sek6 GCB ( October 31, 1887 &ndash During the Qing Dynasty Liaoning was known as the province of Fengtian, and was governed by a zongdu or Viceroy (The Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces 东三省总督), along with the provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China Fengtian ( Postal map spelling: Fengtien Manchu: Abkai imiyangga fu) is The name of an old prefecture under which Shenyang ( Postal map spelling: Kirin; Manchu: Girin ula is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern ( Postal map spelling: Heilungkiang Manchu: Sahaliyan ula is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern The province itself also had a governor (xunfu).

Geography

Landsat 7 image of western Liaoning. Landsat 7, launched on April 15, 1999, is the latest satellite of the Landsat program.

It is possible to think of Liaoning as three approximate geographical regions: the highlands in the west, plains in the middle, and hills in the east. In Geography, a plain is an area of land with relatively low relief — meaning that it is flat

The highlands in the west are dominated by the Nulu'erhu Mountains, which roughly follow the border between Liaoning and Inner Mongolia. Inner Mongolia ( Mongolian:, Öbür mongɣul; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol is the Mongol The entire region is dominated by low hills.

The central part of Liaoning consists of the watersheds of rivers such as the Liao, Daliao, and their tributaries. A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, The Liao He (遼河 Liao River is the principal River in southern Manchuria (1345 km This region is mostly flat and at low altitudes.

The eastern part of Liaoning is dominated by the Changbai Shan and Qianshan ranges, which extends into the sea to form the Liaodong Peninsula. The Changbai Mountains or Baekdu Mountains are a Mountain range on the border between China and North Korea (41°41' to 42°51'N 127°43' to Qianshan National Park ( is a mountainous National park in Liaoning Province China, 17km by road south east of Anshan. The Liáodōng Peninsula ( is a Peninsula in the Liáoníng province of northeastern China, historically known in the west as southern east- Manchuria The highest point in Liaoning, Mount Huabozi (1336 m), is found in this region.

Liaoning has a continental monsoon climate, and rainfall averages to about 440 to 1130 mm annually. Continental climate is a Climate that is characterized by Winter Temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of Snow cover each Year A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months Rain is Liquid precipitation. On Earth it is the condensation of atmospheric Water vapor into drops heavy enough to fall often making it to Summer is rainy while the other seasons are dry.

Major cities:

Central Liaoning city cluster

The Central Liaoning city cluster is a Megalopolis centering at Shenyang (urban population 4 million). Shenyang ( Ch: 沈阳 pinyin Shěnyáng, or Mukden ( in Manchu) is a Sub-provincial city and capital of Liaoning Dalian (;; Japanese: Dairen Russian: Далянь Dalian or Дальний Dalny is the governing Sub-provincial city in the eastern Liaoning Ānshān; lit 'saddle mountain' is the third largest Prefecture level city in Liaoning province of China. Liaoyang ( is a city in China Liaoning province located in the middle of the heavily polluted Liaodong Peninsula. Fushun ( is a city in Liaoning, China, about 45 km from Shenyang, with a population about 1 Dandong ( Wade-Giles Tan-Tung is a city in the Liaoning province China. Jinzhou ( is a Prefecture-level city of Liaoning province China. Yingkou ( is a Prefecture-level city of Liaoning province in northeastern China. A megalopolis (or megapolis) is defined as an extensive Metropolitan area or a long chain of roughly continuous metropolitan areas Shenyang ( Ch: 沈阳 pinyin Shěnyáng, or Mukden ( in Manchu) is a Sub-provincial city and capital of Liaoning Within its 150km radius, it has Anshan (urban population 1. Ānshān; lit 'saddle mountain' is the third largest Prefecture level city in Liaoning province of China. 3 million), Fushun (1. Fushun ( is a city in Liaoning, China, about 45 km from Shenyang, with a population about 1 3 million), Yingkou (1. Yingkou ( is a Prefecture-level city of Liaoning province in northeastern China. 1 million), Benxi (0. Benxi ( is a Prefecture-level city located in the Liaoning province of China, south-southeast of Shenyang. 95 million), Liaoyang (0. Liaoyang ( is a city in China Liaoning province located in the middle of the heavily polluted Liaodong Peninsula. 7 million), and Tieling (0. Tieling ( Traditional Chinese: 鐵嶺 Simplified Chinese: 铁岭 Pinyin: Tiělíng is a Prefecture-level city in Liaoning province 4 million).

Administrative divisions

Dalian city in Liaoning Province. Dalian (;; Japanese: Dairen Russian: Далянь Dalian or Дальний Dalny is the governing Sub-provincial city in the eastern Liaoning

Liaoning is composed of fourteen prefecture-level cities:

The sub-province-level cities:

Dalian (大连市 : Dàlián Shì)
Shenyang (沈阳市 : Shěnyáng Shì)

The prefecture-level cities:

Anshan (鞍山市 : Ānshān Shì)
Benxi (本溪市 : Běnxī Shì)
Chaoyang (朝阳市 : Cháoyáng Shì)
Dandong (丹东市 : Dāndōng Shì)
Fushun (抚顺市 : Fǔshùn Shì)
Fuxin (阜新市 : Fùxīn Shì)
Huludao (葫芦岛市 : Húludǎo Shì)
Jinzhou (锦州市 : Jǐnzhōu Shì)
Liaoyang (辽阳市 : Liáoyáng Shì)
Panjin (盘锦市 : Pánjǐn Shì)
Tieling (铁岭市 : Tiělǐng Shì)
Yingkou (营口市 : Yíngkǒu Shì)

These prefecture-level cities are in turn divided into 100 county-level divisions (17 county-level cities, 19 counties, eight autonomous counties, and 56 districts), which are then further subdivided into 1511 township-level divisions (613 towns, 301 townships, 77 ethnic townships, and 520 subdistricts). A prefecture-level city ( or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and Dalian (;; Japanese: Dairen Russian: Далянь Dalian or Дальний Dalny is the governing Sub-provincial city in the eastern Liaoning Shenyang ( Ch: 沈阳 pinyin Shěnyáng, or Mukden ( in Manchu) is a Sub-provincial city and capital of Liaoning Ānshān; lit 'saddle mountain' is the third largest Prefecture level city in Liaoning province of China. Benxi ( is a Prefecture-level city located in the Liaoning province of China, south-southeast of Shenyang. Chaoyang ( is a Prefecture-level city in Liaoning province of the People's Republic of China. Dandong ( Wade-Giles Tan-Tung is a city in the Liaoning province China. Fushun ( is a city in Liaoning, China, about 45 km from Shenyang, with a population about 1 Fuxin ( is a Prefecture-level city in the Liaoning province of northeastern China. Huludao ( is a Prefecture-level city in southwestern Liaoning Province, China. Jinzhou ( is a Prefecture-level city of Liaoning province China. Liaoyang ( is a city in China Liaoning province located in the middle of the heavily polluted Liaodong Peninsula. Panjin ( is a Prefecture-level city and a major oil-producing city in Liaoning Province China. Tieling ( Traditional Chinese: 鐵嶺 Simplified Chinese: 铁岭 Pinyin: Tiělíng is a Prefecture-level city in Liaoning province Yingkou ( is a Prefecture-level city of Liaoning province in northeastern China. See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted A county-level city ( is a county-level administrative division of Mainland China. In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 ( xiàn) In a similar fashion to the former Soviet Union 's Titular nations a number of areas associated with one or more ethnic minorities are designated as '''autonomous''' The term district, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted When referring to Political Divisions of China, town is the standard English translation of the Chinese 鎮 (simplified 镇; pinyin zhèn Wade-Giles Township ( is the basic level of political divisions in China. In a similar fashion to the former Soviet Union 's Titular nations a number of areas associated with one or more ethnic minorities are designated as '''autonomous''' Subdistrict is a low level Administrative division of a country

See List of administrative divisions of Liaoning for a complete list of county-level divisions. Liaoning, a province of the People's Republic of China, is made up of the following three levels of administrative division: See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted

Economy

Liaoning has the largest economy of North Eastern China. Its nominal GDP for 2006 was 925. 7 billion yuan (US$117. 2 billion) making it the 8th largest in China. Its per capita GDP was 21,802 yuan (US$2,760).

Agriculture

Main agricultural products of Liaoning include maize, sorghum, and soybeans. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Sorghum is a genus of numerous species of grasses, some of which are raised for grain and many of which are used as Fodder plants either cultivated or as part The region around Dalian produces three-quarters of China's exported apples and peaches. Dalian (;; Japanese: Dairen Russian: Далянь Dalian or Дальний Dalny is the governing Sub-provincial city in the eastern Liaoning The apple is the pomaceous Fruit of the apple tree Species Malus domestica in the Rose family Rosaceae. The peach ( Prunus persica) is a species of Prunus native to China that bears an edible juicy fruit also called a peach Cotton is also produced. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp

Liaoning's fruits include apples from Dalian and Yingkou, golden peaches from Dalian, pears from Beizhen of Jinzhou, white pears from Huludao and Suizhong, and apricots and plums from Gushan of Dandong. Yingkou ( is a Prefecture-level city of Liaoning province in northeastern China. A pear is a pomaceous Fruit produced by a tree of Genus Pyrus. Jinzhou ( is a Prefecture-level city of Liaoning province China. Huludao ( is a Prefecture-level city in southwestern Liaoning Province, China. The Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca, "Armenian plum" in Latin syn A plum or gage is a stone fruit Tree in the genus Prunus, subgenus Prunus. Dandong ( Wade-Giles Tan-Tung is a city in the Liaoning province China.

Mining

Liaoning has the most iron, magnesite, diamond, and boron deposits among all province-level subdivisions of China. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Magnesite is not to be confused with Magnetite or Magnemite. Magnesite is Magnesium carbonate, Mg[[carbon In Mineralogy, diamond is the allotrope of carbon where the carbon atoms are arranged in Boron (ˈbɔərɒn is a Chemical element with Atomic number 5 and the chemical symbol B. Liaoning is also an important source of petroleum and natural gas. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, Salt is produced along the coast. Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants

Industry

Liaoning is one of China's most important industrial bases, covering a wide range of industries, such as machinery, electronics, metal refining, petroleum, chemical industries, construction materials, coal, and so on. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" A machine is any device that uses Energy to perform some activity Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit A chemical substance is a Material with a definite chemical composition. In the fields of Architecture and Civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the Building or assembling of Infrastructure

The sea off Dalian abounds with quality seafood, such as abalones, sea cucumbers, scallops, prawns, crabs, and sea urchins. Dalian (;; Japanese: Dairen Russian: Далянь Dalian or Дальний Dalny is the governing Sub-provincial city in the eastern Liaoning Seafood is any Sea Animal or Seaweed that is served as Food, or is suitable for eating particularly saltwater animals such Abalone (from Spanish Abulón) are medium-sized to very large edible sea Snails marine Gastropod Mollusks in the The sea cucumber (also known as trepang, bêche-de-mer, or ambiguously Sea slug) is an Echinoderm of the class Holothuroidea A scallop (ˈskɒləp or /ˈskæləp/ is a marine Bivalve Mollusk of the family Pectinidae. Prawns are Crustaceans belonging to the sub-order Dendrobranchiata Crabs are decapod Crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (βραχύ / brachy Sea urchins are small globular spiny sea cat animals composing most of class Echinoidea. The big fish of Dandong, the jellyfish of Yingkou, and the clams of Panjin are known worldwide for their good tastes right from the sea and in products made in Liaoning for export domestically and internationally. Dandong ( Wade-Giles Tan-Tung is a city in the Liaoning province China. Jellyfish are free-swimming members of the phylum Cnidaria. They have several different basic morphologies that represent several different cnidarian classes including the Yingkou ( is a Prefecture-level city of Liaoning province in northeastern China. Clam is a word which can be used for all some or only a few Species of Bivalve Mollusks the word is a Common name which has Panjin ( is a Prefecture-level city and a major oil-producing city in Liaoning Province China.

Trade

The cities of Dalian and Yingkou have been developed as major ports and economic gateways to all of northeast China. Dalian (;; Japanese: Dairen Russian: Далянь Dalian or Дальний Dalny is the governing Sub-provincial city in the eastern Liaoning Yingkou ( is a Prefecture-level city of Liaoning province in northeastern China. Northeast China ( is a geographical region of China. It is separated from Russia largely by the Amur, Argun, and Ussuri rivers from

Five Points, One Line

The Party Secretary of the Liaoning Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, Li Keqiang, initiated the development of a strategy entitled "5 Points and One Line", which he first proposed on a visit to Yingkou in late 2005. Yingkou ( is a Prefecture-level city of Liaoning province in northeastern China. Liaoning Province formally launched the development strategy for the entire Liaoning coastline in early 2006, so as to re-invigorate the provincial economy from its traditional status as the "rustbelt" of Chinese State Owned Enterprises.

The "Five Points" indicate five key development areas in the province and cover seven zones: the Changxing Island Harbor Industrial Zone in Dalian; Yingkou Coastal Industrial Base; Liaoxi Jinzhou Bay Coastal Economic Zone; Dandong, and the Zhuanghe Huayuankou Industrial Zone. Dalian (;; Japanese: Dairen Russian: Далянь Dalian or Дальний Dalny is the governing Sub-provincial city in the eastern Liaoning Yingkou ( is a Prefecture-level city of Liaoning province in northeastern China. Jinzhou ( is a Prefecture-level city of Liaoning province China. Dandong ( Wade-Giles Tan-Tung is a city in the Liaoning province China.

The five zones together cover a planned area of nearly 500 square kilometres.

The "One Line" mentioned in the strategy represents a new motorway along the coast. The coastline of 1,433 kilometers will become the connection between the five above zones, through which 6 provincial cities, 21 counties and 113 towns will be interlinked. The new coastal motorway will directly connect the entire rim of five zones around the Bohai sea, and will be completed by 2009.

Demographics

The population of Liaoning is mostly Han Chinese with minorities of Manchus, Mongols, Hui, Koreans and Xibe. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. The Korean people are an East Asian Ethnic group. Most Koreans speak the Korean language. The Xibe ( Sibe;) are an Ethnic group living mostly in northeast China and Xinjiang.

Ethnic groups in Liaoning, 2000 census
Nationality	Population	Percentage
Han Chinese	35,105,991	83. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. 94%
Manchu	5,385,287	12. The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in 88%
Mongol	669,972	1. 60%
Hui	264,407	0. The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. 632%
Koreans	241,052	0. The Korean people are an East Asian Ethnic group. Most Koreans speak the Korean language. 576%
Xibe	132,615	0. The Xibe ( Sibe;) are an Ethnic group living mostly in northeast China and Xinjiang. 317%

Excludes members of the People's Liberation Army in active service. The People's Liberation Army ( PLA) ( is the unified Military organization of all land sea and air forces of the People's Republic of China.
Source: Department of Population, Social, Science and Technology Statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics of China (国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司) and Department of Economic Development of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of China (国家民族事务委员会经济发展司), eds. Tabulation on Nationalities of 2000 Population Census of China (《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》). 2 vols. Beijing: Nationalities Publishing House (民族出版社), 2003. (ISBN 7-105-05425-5)

Culture

Liaoning's culture is part of a culture of Northeast China that is quite homogeneous across all of the northeastern China. See Manchuria#Culture for a detailed description. Manchuria ( Romanized Manchu: Manju,, Маньчжурия Mongolian: Манж is a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast

In paleontology, Liaoning is well known for its extraordinary fossils from the Lower Cretaceous period; e. Palaeontology redirects here For the Scientific journal, see Palaeontology (journal. FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for Telecommunications programs under the DOS Operating system. The Cretaceous (kriːˈteɪʃəs, usually abbreviated 'K' for its German translation "Kreide" is a geologic period and system, reaching from the end of g. , the early 'placental' mammal known as Eomaia. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands Eomaia scansoria ('climbing dawn mother' is a recently discovered extinct Mammal that may be one of the earliest ancestors of the Eutheria yet to The first widely acknowledged feathered dinosaur, Sinosauropteryx prima, was discovered in Liaoning and unveiled at a scientific meeting in 1996. Sinosauropteryx (meaning "Chinese lizard-wing" is the first and most primitive Genus of Dinosaur found with the fossilized impressions of Other notable discoveries have been an intact embryo of a pterosaur, Repenomamus robustus—a cat-sized mammal who ate dinosaurs, and Sinornithosaurus millenii, nicknamed "Dave the Fuzzy Raptor". An embryo (from Greek:, plural, lit "that which grows" from en- "in" + bryein "to swell be full" is a multicellular For other meanings see Pterodactyl (disambiguation. Pterosaurs (ˈtɛrəsɔr from the Greek πτερόσαυρος pterosauros Repenomamus is the largest Mammal known from the Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic, and it is the mammal for which there is the best evidence Sinornithosaurus (derived from a combination of Latin and Greek, meaning 'Chinese bird-lizard' is a Genus of feathered Dromaeosaurid

Tourism

Chongzheng Hall in the Mukden Palace.

The Mukden Palace was the palace of the Qing Dynasty emperors before they conquered the rest of China and moved their capital to Beijing. The Mukden Palace ( or Shenyang Gugong ( also known as the Shenyang Imperial Palace, is the former imperial palace of the early Qing Dynasty of Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China Though not as large nor as famous as its counterpart (the Forbidden City) in Beijing, the Mukden palace is significant for its representation of palace architecture at the time, and has recently been included on the UNESCO World Heritage Site as an extension of the Imperial Palace site in Beijing. The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial Palace from the mid- Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex

In addition, three imperial tombs dating from the Qing Dynasty are located in Liaoning. These tomb sites have been grouped with other Ming and Qing Dynasties tombs (such as the Ming Dynasty Tombs in Beijing, and the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum in Nanjing) as a combined UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led The Ming Dynasty Tombs ( Chinese: 明朝十三陵 Pinyin: Míng cháo shí sān líng; lit Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is the tomb of the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. ( Chinese: 南京 Romanizations Nánjīng ( Pinyin) Nan-ching ( Wade-Giles

Wunu Mountain City, a Goguryeo site found in Huanren Manchu Autonomous County, is part of a combined UNESCO World Heritage Site that also includes sites in Ji'an, Jilin. Wu Nu Shan ( which means the Mountain of Five Women is a mountain of historical and cultural significance located in the north of the town of Huanren in Huanren Goguryeo or Koguryo was an ancient Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean peninsula, southern Manchuria, and Huanren Manchu Autonomous County ( Manchu: Huwanren Manju Zijysiyan Korean: 환인만족자치현 is located in Benxi of Liaoning province United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Ji'an ( is a County-level city in Jilin province People's Republic of China. ( Postal map spelling: Kirin; Manchu: Girin ula is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern

Benxi offers a boat ride though a large stalactite filled cave and underground river. Benxi ( is a Prefecture-level city located in the Liaoning province of China, south-southeast of Shenyang. A stalactite ( Greek stalaktites, (Σταλακτίτης from the word for "drip" and meaning "that which drips" is a type of Speleothem

Anshan boasts the Anshan Jade Buddha, the largest Buddha statue made of jade in the world. Ānshān; lit 'saddle mountain' is the third largest Prefecture level city in Liaoning province of China. Anshan Jade Buddha ( is the largest Jade Buddha statue in the world Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder A statue is a Sculpture in the round representing a person or persons an animal or an event normally full-length as opposed to a bust, and at least close to life-size Jade is an Ornamental stone. The term jade is applied to two different rocks that are made up of different Silicate minerals.

Liaoyang, one of the oldest continuously-inhabited cities in northeast China, has a number of historical sites, including the White Pagoda (Baita), that dates to the Yuan Dynasty. Liaoyang ( is a city in China Liaoning province located in the middle of the heavily polluted Liaodong Peninsula. The Yuan Dynasty ( Pinyin: Yuáncháo Dai Ön Ulus (Дай Юан Улс was a ruling Dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai

The port city of Dalian, located on the tip of the Liaodong Peninsula, is a tourist destination in its own right, with beaches, resorts, zoos, seafood, shopping, Russian- and Japanese-era architecture, and streetcars, a rare sight in China. Dalian (;; Japanese: Dairen Russian: Далянь Dalian or Дальний Dalny is the governing Sub-provincial city in the eastern Liaoning The Liáodōng Peninsula ( is a Peninsula in the Liáoníng province of northeastern China, historically known in the west as southern east- Manchuria A resort is a place used for Relaxation or Recreation, attracting visitors for Holidays or Vacations Resorts are places towns or sometimes A zoological garden, shortened to zoo, is an institution in which living animals are exhibited in captivity Seafood is any Sea Animal or Seaweed that is served as Food, or is suitable for eating particularly saltwater animals such Shopping is the examining of Goods or services from Retailers with intent to purchase at that time Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train

Dandong, on the border with North Korea, is a medium-sized city that offers a cross-river view of the North Korean city of Sinŭiju. Dandong ( Wade-Giles Tan-Tung is a city in the Liaoning province China. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, Sinŭiju ( Sinŭiju-si) is a city in North Korea, on the border with China and is the capital of North P'yŏngan Province

Bijia Mountain is a curious island which joins to the mainland at low tide by a land bridge. Bijia Mountain (笔架山 is an Island located in the Bohai Sea south of the Jinzhou region of China.

Education

Colleges and universities

Under the national Ministry of Education:

Dalian University of Technology (大连理工大学)
Northeastern University (东北大学)

Under various other national agencies:

China Criminal Police College (中国刑警学院)
Dalian Maritime University (大连海事大学)
Dalian Nationalities University (大连民族大学)

Under the provincial government:

Anshan University of Science and Technology (鞍山科技大学)
Anshan Normal University (鞍山师范学院)
Bohai University (渤海大学)
China Medical University (中国医科大学)
Dalian Jiaotong University (大连交通大学)
Dalian Medical University (大连医科大学)
Dalian University (大连大学)
Dongbei University of Finance and Economics (东北财经大学)
Liaoning Institute of Technology (辽宁工学院)
Liaoning Normal University (辽宁师范大学)
Liaoning Technical University (辽宁工程技术大学)
Liaoning University (辽宁大学)
Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology (辽宁石油化工大学)
Shenyang Agricultural University (沈阳农业大学)
Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering (沈阳航空工业学院)
Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology (沈阳化工学院)
Shenyang Jianzhu University (沈阳建筑大学)
Shenyang Ligong University (沈阳理工大学)
Shenyang Pharmaceutical University (沈阳药科大学)
Shenyang University (沈阳大学)
Shenyang University of Technology (沈阳工业大学)

Paleontology

Liaoning contains one of the foremost paleontological sites in the world since the discovery of Sinosauropteryx, a small feathered meat-eating dinosaur, from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation. Dalian University of Technology (大连理工大学 is located in Dalian (大连 Liaoning (辽宁 China directly supervised by the State Ministry China Criminal Police College (中国刑警学院 is a college in Liaoning, China. Dalian Maritime University (大连海事大学 is a university located in Dalian (大连 Liaoning (辽宁 China. Dalian Nationalities University (大连民族大学 is a university in Dalian, Liaoning, China. Anshan Normal University ( is a university in the city of Anshan, in Liaoning province, China. Bohai University ( Simplified Chinese: 渤海大学 Pinyin: Bóhăi Dàxué is a university in Jinzhou, Liaoning, Northeast China Dalian Jiaotong University (大连交通大学 is a university in Dalian, Liaoning, China under the provincial government Dalian Medical University (大连医科大学 is a university in Dalian, Liaoning, China under the provincial government Dalian University is a university in Dalian, Liaoning, China under the provincial government Dongbei University of Finance & Economics (DUFE () is a state (provincial level university in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China. The Liaoning Institute of Technology is a university in Jinzhou, Liaoning, northeast China Liaoning Normal University (LNU (辽宁师范大学 is a teacher training university in Dalian, Liaoning Province China under the provincial government Liaoning University (辽宁大学 is a university in Liaoning, China under the provincial government Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology (辽宁石油化工大学 is a university in Liaoning, China under the provincial government Shenyang Agricultural University (沈阳农业大学 is a university in Shenyang, Liaoning, China under the provincial government Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering (沈阳航空工业学院 is a university in Shenyang, Liaoning, northeast China. Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology (沈阳化工学院 is a university in Shenyang, Liaoning, China under the provincial government Shenyang Jianzhu University (沈阳建筑大学 is a university in Shenyang, Liaoning, China under the provincial government Shenyang Ligong University (沈阳理工大学 is a university in Liaoning, China under the provincial government Shenyang Pharmaceutical University (SPU (沈阳药科大学 is a university in Shenyang, Liaoning, China Shenyang University (沈阳大学 is a university in Shenyang, Liaoning, China under the provincial government Shenyang University of Technology(SUT (沈阳工业大学 is a university in Shenyang, Liaoning, China under the provincial government Sinosauropteryx (meaning "Chinese lizard-wing" is the first and most primitive Genus of Dinosaur found with the fossilized impressions of The Early Cretaceous ( timestratigraphic name or the Lower Cretaceous ( logstratigraphic name is the earlier of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous The Yixian Formation is a Geological formation in Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, that stems from the Early Cretaceous Since the 1990s dozens of groundbreaking finds have been discovered there, including the earliest flower, placental mammal, and marsupial, as well as several birds and feathered dinosaurs, including one that was found in a sleeping position. See also Evolution of mammals Eutheria ("true beast" are a group of Mammals consisting of Placental mammals plus all extinct Mammals Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands Marsupials are an Infraclass of Mammals characterized by a distinctive pouch (called the marsupium) in which females carry their young through The realization that Dinosaurs are closely related to Birds raised the obvious possibility of feathered dinosaurs. Mei (from Chinese 寐 mèi soundly sleeping) is a Genus of Duck -sized Troodontid Dinosaur first unearthed These have added further evidence that birds and dinosaurs may be directly related.

Sports

Professional sports teams based in Liaoning include:

External links

The Chinese Football Association Super League ( Simplified Chinese: 中国足球协会超级联赛 commonly known as Chinese Super League (中超联赛 or CSL Changsha Ginde FC ( Simplified Chinese: 长沙金德 is a Chinese Super League soccer club based in Changsha ( Simplified Chinese: 长沙 Dalian Haichang ( Simplified Chinese: 大连海昌 also known as Dalian Haichang International Football Team Shide FC ( Simplified Chinese: 大连实德 The Chinese Football Association Jia League ( Simplified Chinese: 中国足球协会甲级联赛 is the second tier league of the People's Republic of China. Hohhot Black Horse (呼和浩特黑马 is a Chinese football club based in Hohhot, China. The Chinese Basketball Association ( CBA; Chinese 中国男子篮球职业联赛 is the premier professional Basketball league in China. Liaoning Panpan Hunters (辽宁盼盼猎人 or Liaoning Hunters or Liaoning Panpan are a Basketball team in the North Division of the Chinese Basketball The Sunjiawan mine disaster (孙家湾矿难 was a mine disaster that occurred on February 14, 2005 in Fuxin city Liaoning province This is a list of Laojiaos within Liaoning province of the People's Republic of China. Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide.

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