| Southern and Northern Dynasties (420–589) |
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Liu Song |
Northern Wei |
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Liang Dynasty (梁朝; Pinyin: Liáng cháo) (502-557), also known as Southern Liang Dynasty (南梁), was the third of Southern dynasties in China, followed by the Chen Dynasty. This article is about the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. Events By Place Europe Pharamond leads the Franks across the Rhine. Events By Place Europe October 17 — The Adige River overflows its banks flooding the church of St The Southern dynasties 南朝 ( nanchao in Pinyin: nán cháo comprise the Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang Dynasty and Chen The Northern Dynasties (北朝 běi cháo included Northern Wei Dynasty, Eastern Wei Dynasty, Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Qi Dynasty, The Song Dynasty (宋朝 Pinyin: Sòng cháo Wade-Giles: Sung ( 420 – 479) was first of the four Southern Dynasties in China The Southern Qi Dynasty 齊朝 ( Pinyin: Qí cháo ( 479 - 502) was the second of the Southern dynasties in China, followed by the Chen Dynasty (陳朝 ( Pinyin: Chén cháo (557-589 was the fourth and the last of the Southern dynasties in China, eventually destroyed by the Sui The Northern Wei Dynasty (北魏 Pinyin: běi wèi 386 - 534) also known as the Tuoba Wei (拓拔魏 Later Wei (後魏 or The Eastern Wei Dynasty (Chinese 東魏 followed the disintegration of the Northern Wei, and ruled northern China from 534 to 550. The Western Wèi Dynasty (Chinese西魏 followed the disintegration of the Northern Wei, and ruled northern China from 535 to 556. The Northern Qi Dynasty (Chinese 北齊 Běiqí was one of the Northern dynasties of Chinese history and ruled northern China from 550 to 577. The Northern Zhou Dynasty (Chinese北周 followed the Western Wei, and ruled northern China from 557 to 581. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The Southern dynasties 南朝 ( nanchao in Pinyin: nán cháo comprise the Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang Dynasty and Chen China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Chen Dynasty (陳朝 ( Pinyin: Chén cháo (557-589 was the fourth and the last of the Southern dynasties in China, eventually destroyed by the Sui Western Liang Dynasty (西梁), with its capital established at Jiangling in 555 by Emperor Xuan, a grandson of Liang's founder Emperor Wu, claimed to be the legitimate successor of Liang Dynasty; it was subservient to the successive Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Zhou Dynasty, and Sui Dynasty, and was abolished by Emperor Wen of Sui in 587. Early life Xiao Cha was born in 519 as the third son of Xiao Tong, then the Crown prince to Liang Dynasty 's founder Emperor Wu. Background Xiao Yan was born in 464 during the reign of Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song. The Western Wèi Dynasty (Chinese西魏 followed the disintegration of the Northern Wei, and ruled northern China from 535 to 556. The Northern Zhou Dynasty (Chinese北周 followed the Western Wei, and ruled northern China from 557 to 581. The Sui Dynasty ( 581 - 618 AD and in the undertaking of other construction projects including the reconstruction of the Great Wall. Background Yang Jian's clan was from Hongnong Commandery (弘農 roughly modern Sanmenxia, Henan) Some scholars claim that this Dynasty represents a "golden era" of ancient China, and that the Dynasty's fall from grace seriously impeded China's growth into a great power. This theory, however, is controversial.
The ending date for Liang Dynasty itself is a matter of controversy among historians. Many historians consider the end of Emperor Jing's reign in 556, when he was forced to yield the throne to Chen Baxian, who established Chen Dynasty, to be Liang's end date. Background Xiao Fangzhi was born in 544 when his father Xiao Yi was the Prince of Xiangdong during the reign of his grandfather the founding emperor Emperor Wu Background and early career Chen Baxian was born in 503 the second year of the reign of Emperor Wu of Liang (the founding emperor of Liang Dynasty) Others regard the abolition of Western Liang in 587 to be the true end of Liang.
Sovereigns of Liang Dynasty (502-557)
| Posthumous Name | Family name and given names | Period of Reigns | Era names and their according range of years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Convention: Liang + posthumous name | |||
Emperor Wu of Liang - Wu Di
|
Xiao Yan (蕭衍 Xiāo Yǎn) | 502-549[1] | Tianjian (天監 tiān-jiān) 502-519 Putong (普通 pǔ-tōng) 520-527 Datong (大通 dà-tōng) 527-529 Zhongdatong (中大通 zhōng-dà-tōng) 529-534 Datong (大同 dà-tóng) 535-546 Zhongdatong (中大同 zhōng-dà-tóng) 546-547 Taiqing (太清 tài-qīng) 547-549 |
Emperor Jianwen of Liang - Jianwen Di
|
Xiao Gang (蕭綱 xiāo gāng) | 549-551 | Dabao (大寶 dà bǎo) 550-551 |
Prince of Yuzhang - Yu Zhang Wang
|
蕭棟 xiāo dòng | 551-552 | Tianzheng (天正 tiān zhèng) 551-552 |
Emperor Yuan of Liang - Yuan Di
|
蕭繹 xiāo yì | 552-555[2] | Chengsheng (承聖 chéng shèng) 552-555 |
Marquess of Zhenyang - Zhen Yang Hou
|
蕭淵明 xiāo yuān míng | 555 | Tiancheng (天成 tiān chéng) 555 |
Emperor Jing of Liang - Jing Di
|
蕭方智 xiāo fāng zhì | 555-557[3] | Shaotai (紹泰 shào tài) 555-556 Taiping (太平 tài píng) 556-557 |
- ^ Emperor Wu's nephew Xiao Zhengde the Prince of Linhe, who joined Hou Jing's rebellion, was declared emperor by Hou in 548, but after Hou's victory over Emperor Wu in 549 was deposed and killed by Hou, and is not usually considered a true emperor. A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty nobles and sometimes others in some cultures after the person's death Chinese family name is one of the hundreds or thousands of Family names that have been historically used by Han Chinese and Sinicized Chinese ethnic Personal Names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western cultures. A Chinese era name ( is the Era name, reign period or regnal title used when traditionally numbering years in an emperor's reign and naming certain Chinese Background Xiao Yan was born in 464 during the reign of Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song. Background Xiao Gang was born in 503 as the third son of Emperor Wu. Background Not much is known about Xiao Dong's early life including when he was born Background Xiao Yi was born in 508 as the seventh son of the dynasty founder Emperor Wu. Early life It is not known when Xiao Yuanming was born His father Xiao Yi (蕭懿 was a major general during late Southern Qi, and of Xiao Yi's sons five (perhaps all Background Xiao Fangzhi was born in 544 when his father Xiao Yi was the Prince of Xiangdong during the reign of his grandfather the founding emperor Emperor Wu Era name Zhengping (正平 zhèng píng 548-549 Personal information Father Xiao Hong (蕭宏 Early life and career It is not known when Hou Jing was born but it was known that he was from Huaishuo Garrison (懷朔鎮 -- one of the garrisons that Northern Wei
- ^ Emperor Yuan's brother Xiao Ji the Prince of Wuling also declared himself emperor in 552, but was defeated and killed by Emperor Yuan in 553, and is usually not considered a true emperor. Background Xiao Ji was born in 508 as the eighth and youngest son of Emperor Wu.
- ^ In 558, a year after Emperor Jing had yielded the throne to Chen Baxian (and had been killed by Chen), his nephew Xiao Zhuang the Prince of Yongjia, with support from Northern Qi, was proclaimed the emperor of Liang by the general Wang Lin. Early life Xiao Zhuang was born in 548 as the son of Xiao Fangdeng (蕭方等 the oldest son and Heir apparent of Xiao Yi the Prince of Xiangdong The Northern Qi Dynasty (Chinese 北齊 Běiqí was one of the Northern dynasties of Chinese history and ruled northern China from 550 to 577. Wang Lin (王琳 (526-573 Courtesy name Ziheng (子珩 formally Prince Zhongwu of Baling (巴陵忠武王 was a general of the Chinese In 560, Wang Lin was defeated by Chen troops, and both he and Xiao Zhuang were forced to flee to Northern Qi. It is a matter of controversy whether Xiao Zhuang should be considered an emperor of Liang.
Western Liang Dynasty 555-587
| Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 miào hào) | Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 ) | Personal Names | Period of Reigns | Era Names (Nián Hào 年號) and their relevant range of years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convention: Xi Liang + posthumous name | ||||
| Note: some historians consider Western Liang as a continuation of the Liang Dynasty since it was founded by Xiao Cha (Emperor Xuan), a grandson of Xiao Yan (Emperor Wu), the founder of the Liang Dynasty. Temple names are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Korean ( Goryeo and Joseon periods and Vietnamese (such dynasties as A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty nobles and sometimes others in some cultures after the person's death | ||||
| Zhong Zong (中宗 zhōng zōng) | Xuan Di|宣帝 xuān dì | 蕭詧 xiāo chá | 555-562 | Dading (大定 dà dìng) 555-562 |
| Shi Zong (世宗 shì zōng) | Xiao Ming Di|孝明帝 xiào míng dì | 蕭巋 xiāo kuī | 562-585 | Tianbao (天保 tiān bǎo) 562-585 |
| Did not exist | Xiao Jing Di|孝靖帝 xiào jìng dì or Ju Gong|莒公 jǔ gōng | 蕭琮 xiāo cóng | 585-587 | Guangyun (廣運 guǎng yùn) 562-585 |
References
- Book of Liang. Early life Xiao Cha was born in 519 as the third son of Xiao Tong, then the Crown prince to Liang Dynasty 's founder Emperor Wu. Background Xiao Kui was born in 542 during the reign of his great-grandfather Emperor Wu of Liang. Background It is not known when Xiao Cong was born and his mother's name is also lost in history The Book of Liang ( was compiled under Yao Silian, completed in 635.
- History of Southern Dynasties. The History of Southern Dynasties ( is one of the official Chinese historical works in the Twenty-Four Histories canon
- Zizhi Tongjian. The Zizhi Tongjian ( was a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography.
- Book of Zhou. The Book of Zhou ( Traditional Chinese: 周書 Pinyin Zhōu Shū was the official history of the Chinese / Xianbei dynasty Northern
- History of Northern Dynasties. The History of Northern Dynasties ( is one of the official Chinese historical works in the Twenty-Four Histories canon
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