Li Xian (李賢) (653-684), courtesy name Mingyun (明允), formally Crown Prince Zhanghuai (章懷太子), named Li De (李德) from 672 to 674, was a crown prince of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. Events Sigeberht II the Good succeeds Sigeberht I the Little as king of Essex. Events By Place Asia Wu Ze Tian takes power in China The Ummayad caliph Muawiya II is succeeded by A Chinese style name, sometimes also known as a courtesy name ( zì) is a given name to be used later in life Events By Place Europe Wamba succeeds Reccaswinth as king of the Visigoths. Events By Place Europe Dagobert II and Theuderic I succeed Childeric II as king(s of the Franks Crown Princess redirects here for the ship see Crown Princess (ship. Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River ( valley in the Neolithic era The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by He was the sixth son of Emperor Gaozong, and the second son of his second wife Empress Wu (later known as Wu Zetian). Background and life as Prince of Jin Li Zhi was born in 628 He was the ninth son of his father Emperor Taizong, and the third son of his mother Emperor Taizong's wife Wu Zetian ( (625 – December 16, 705 In 705 she was overthrown in a coup and Emperor Zhongzong was returned to the throne He was known for writing commentaries for the Book of Later Han, the official history of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The Book of the Later Han ( is one of the official Chinese Historical works which was compiled by Fan Ye in the 5th century, using The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. He became crown prince in 675 after his older brother Li Hong's death (which traditional historians believed to be a poisoning by Empress Wu), but soon fell out of favor with Empress Wu himself. Events By Place Europe Æthelred succeeds his brother Wulfhere as king of Mercia Frithuwold of Surrey Li Hong (李弘 ( 652 - May 25, 675) formally Emperor Xiaojing (孝敬皇帝 literally "the filial and alert emperor" with the In 680, Empress Wu had her associates accuse Li Xian of treason, and he was demoted to commoner rank and exiled. Events By Place Europe The Bulgars subjugate the country of current-day Bulgaria. In 684, after Emperor Gaozong's death, Empress Wu, then empress dowager, had her associate Qiu Shenji (丘神勣) visit Li Xian to force him to commit suicide. Events By Place Asia Wu Ze Tian takes power in China The Ummayad caliph Muawiya II is succeeded by Empress Dowager ( Chinese: 皇太后 Chinese, Korean Pronunciation: Hwang Tae Hu Japanese Pronunciation: Kōtaigō Vietnamese Pronunciation

In 706, his younger brother Emperor Zhongzong provided Li Xian with an honorable burial by interring his remains at the Qianling Mausoleum. Background Li Xiǎn was born in 656 as the seventh son of his father Emperor Gaozong and the third son of his mother Emperor Gaozong's second wife Empress Wu The Qianling Mausoleum ( is a Tang Dynasty (618&ndash907 tomb site located in Qian County, Shaanxi province China, and is 85 km (53 miles

Background

Li Xian was born in 653, as the sixth son of Emperor Gaozong and the second son of his then-favorite concubine Consort Wu (later known as Wu Zetian). Events Sigeberht II the Good succeeds Sigeberht I the Little as king of Essex. Background and life as Prince of Jin Li Zhi was born in 628 He was the ninth son of his father Emperor Taizong, and the third son of his mother Emperor Taizong's wife Wu Zetian ( (625 – December 16, 705 In 705 she was overthrown in a coup and Emperor Zhongzong was returned to the throne There were, however, persistent rumors inside the palace that he was not actually born of Consort Wu but of her older sister (who was later created the Lady of Han). In 655, the same year that his mother Consort Wu displaced Emperor Gaozong's first wife Empress Wang as empress, Li Xian was created the Prince of Lu. Events By Place Europe November 15 — Northumbrian king Oswiu defeats Mercian king Penda in the Empress Wang (王皇后 personal name unknown (d 655? was an Empress of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of In 656, he was initially titularly given the post of prefect of Qi Prefecture (岐州, roughly modern Baoji, Shaanxi), and then the dual posts as prefect of the capital prefecture Yong Prefecture (雍州, roughly modern Xi'an, Shaanxi) and commandant at You Prefecture (幽州, roughly modern Beijing). Events By Place Europe Oswiu of Northumbria annexes Mercia Asia The Battle of Baoji (宝鸡 Pinyin: bǎo jī is a Prefecture-level city in southwest Shaanxi province, China. ( Postal map spelling: Shensi) is a north-central province of the People's Republic of China, and includes portions of the Loess UserEl_C --> Xi'an ( Postal map spelling: Sian is the Capital of the Shaanxi province in the ( Postal map spelling: Shensi) is a north-central province of the People's Republic of China, and includes portions of the Loess It was said that his behavior was elegant, even in his youth, and, according to a comment that Emperor Gaozong made to the chancellor Li Ji, he studied the Classic of History, Classic of Rites, Analects, and a number of ancient poems and could remember them clearly. The chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (唐朝宰相 was an office that was semi-formally designated for a number of high level officials at one time during the Chinese Li Shiji (李世勣 (594- December 31, 669) né Xu Shiji (徐世勣 later known in the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang as Li Ji The Classic of History ( is a compilation of documentary records related to events in ancient history of China The Classic of Rites ( was one of the Five Classics of the Confucian canon The Analects ( also known as the Analects of Confucius, are a record of the words and acts of the central Chinese thinker and philosopher In 661, his title was changed to Prince of Pei, and he was given the titles of commandant at Yang Prefecture (揚州, roughly modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) and major general, but continued to also serve as prefect of Yong Prefecture. Events By Place Europe Perctarit and Godepert become co-rulers of the Lombards, following the death of their Administration The Prefecture-level city of Yangzhou administers 7 county-level divisions. ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsu) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country At this time, he had the literarily-talented official Wang Bo on staff. Wang Bo ( ca 649–676 Courtesy name Zi'an (子安 was a Chinese poet in the Tang Dynasty. Around this time, the princes were apparently often engaged in cockfighting. A cockfight is a Blood sport between two Roosters held in a ring called a cockpit Wang Bo wrote a playful piece entitled the Declaration Against the Prince of Zhou's Cock (檄周王雞文) (the Prince of Zhou was Li Xian's brother Li Xiǎn (note different tone), later named Li Zhe), which, however, when Emperor Gaozong read it, caused Emperor Gaozong to be angry, as he believed this would cause discord between his sons, and therefore expelled Wang from the Pei mansion. Background Li Xiǎn was born in 656 as the seventh son of his father Emperor Gaozong and the third son of his mother Emperor Gaozong's second wife Empress Wu In 672, Li Xian's title was changed to Prince of Yong, and he was given the titles of commandant at Liang Prefecture (涼州, roughly modern Wuwei, Gansu), but continued to also serve as general and prefect of Yong Prefecture. Events By Place Europe Wamba succeeds Reccaswinth as king of the Visigoths. Wuwei is located in northwest central Gansu province In the north it borders Inner Mongolia, in the southwest Qinghai. ( is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. His name was also changed to Li De. In 674, his name was changed back to Li Xian. Events By Place Europe Dagobert II and Theuderic I succeed Childeric II as king(s of the Franks

As crown prince

In 675, Li Xian's older brother Li Hong the crown prince died -- a death that traditional historians generally believed to be a poisoning ordered by Empress Wu. Events By Place Europe Æthelred succeeds his brother Wulfhere as king of Mercia Frithuwold of Surrey Li Hong (李弘 ( 652 - May 25, 675) formally Emperor Xiaojing (孝敬皇帝 literally "the filial and alert emperor" with the Crown Princess redirects here for the ship see Crown Princess (ship. On July 3,^[1] Li Xian was created crown prince to replace Li Hong. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Emperor Gaozong soon ordered that much of government matters be ruled on by Li Xian, and Li Xian was praised for making good decisions. Also around this time, Li Xian led a group of scholars, including Zhang Da'an, Liu Nayan (劉訥言), Ge Xiyuan (格希元), Xu Shuya (許叔牙), Cheng Xuanyi (成玄一), Shi Cangzhu (史藏諸), and Zhou Baoning (周寶寧), in writing commentaries for the Book of Later Han, the official history of the Eastern Han Dynasty, written by the Liu Song scholar Fan Ye. Zhang Da'an (張大安 (d 684 was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong The Book of the Later Han ( is one of the official Chinese Historical works which was compiled by Fan Ye in the 5th century, using The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. The Song Dynasty (宋朝 Pinyin: Sòng cháo Wade-Giles: Sung ( 420 – 479) was first of the four Southern Dynasties in China

Meanwhile, Li Xian's relationship with Empress Wu began to deteriorate, as Li Xian had heard the rumors that he was actually the son of Lady of Han, and had become fearful. Empress Wu, detecting this, had her literary staff write two works entitled, Good Examples for Shaoyang (少陽正範, "Shaoyang" being an oblique term for a crown prince) and Biographies of Filial Sons (孝子傳) and gave them to Li Xian, and further wrote a number of letters rebuking Li Xian, making him more fearful. Further, when the sorcerer Ming Chongyan (明崇儼), who was well-trusted by Emperor Gaozong and Empress Wu, was assassinated in 679, Empress Wu suspected Li Xian -- as Ming had been known to repeatedly make comments to Empress Wu that included, "The Crown Prince cannot bear the responsibilitiies of state. Events By Topic Religion Adamnan becomes Abbot of the monastery on Iona. The Prince of Ying [(i. e. , Li Xian's younger brother Li Zhe, later Emperor Zhongzong] has an appearance most similar to Emperor Taizong ([Emperor Gaozong's father])," and "The Prince of Xiang [(i. Background Li Xiǎn was born in 656 as the seventh son of his father Emperor Gaozong and the third son of his mother Emperor Gaozong's second wife Empress Wu Emperor Taizong of Tang ( January 23, 599 &ndash July 10 649) personal name Lǐ Shìmín ( was the second emperor of the e. , Li Xian's younger brother Li Dan, later Emperor Ruizong)] has the most honorable appearance. Background Li Xulun was born in 662 as the youngest son of Emperor Gaozong and his second wife Empress Wu (later known as Wu Zetian "

Meanwhile, Li Xian was also known for his liking of music and women. (Some historians, pointing to oblique references that he was "particularly close" to a number of male servants, also believe that he liked sexual relations with both women and men. ) When Empress Wu heard this, she had people report this to Emperor Gaozong, who ordered an investigation led by the officials Xue Yuanchao, Pei Yan, and Gao Zhizhou. Xue Yuanchao (薛元超 (622-683 formal name Xue Zhen (薛振 but went by the Courtesy name of Yuanchao formally Baron of Fenyin (汾陰男 was an Pei Yan (裴炎 (d November 30, 684) Courtesy name Zilong (子隆 was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty Gao Zhizhou (高智周 (602-683 was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong When they searched the crown prince's stables, they found several hundred black armors, and they believed this to be evidence of a coup, and after interrogation, one of Li Xian's favorite servants, Zhao Daosheng (趙道生), admitted to assassinating Ming on Li Xian's orders. Emperor Gaozong, who had favored Li Xian, considered pardoning him, but Empress Wu refused. On September 20, 680,^[2] Emperor Gaozong deposed Li Xian and reduced him to commoner rank, delivering him from the eastern capital Luoyang (where Emperor Gaozong and Empress Wu had long taken up residence) to the capital Chang'an to be imprisoned there. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Events By Place Europe The Bulgars subjugate the country of current-day Bulgaria. Luoyang ( is a Prefecture-level city in western Henan province, People's Republic of China. Chang'an ( is an ancient Capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history. His close associates were executed, and the armors seized were publicly burned to show the people that, in fact, Li Xian had committed treason. Li Zhe was created crown prince to replace him.

After removal

in 683, Li Xian was moved from Chang'an to Ba Prefecture (巴州, roughly modern Bazhong, Sichuan). 683 is a prime number Events By Place Americas The reign of Pacal the Great, ruler of Maya state of Palenque Bazhong ( is a Prefecture-level city in north-eastern Sichuan province ( Postal map spelling: Szechwan and Szechuan) is a province in western China with its capital in Chengdu. In 684, after Emperor Gaozong's death, Li Zhe initially took the throne (as Emperor Zhongzong), but soon was deposed himself due to signs of disobedience to Empress Wu (now empress dowager), and Li Dan became emperor instead (as Emperor Ruizong), although Empress Dowager Wu retained all powers as regent. Events By Place Asia Wu Ze Tian takes power in China The Ummayad caliph Muawiya II is succeeded by Empress Dowager ( Chinese: 皇太后 Chinese, Korean Pronunciation: Hwang Tae Hu Japanese Pronunciation: Kōtaigō Vietnamese Pronunciation A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor In spring 684, she sent the general Qiu Shenji to Ba Prefecture with the order of, "Examine the house of Li Xian the former crown prince to prevent external attacks. " However, she hinted to him that he should have Li Xian killed. When he got to Ba Prefecture, he placed Li Xian into a small room and forced him to commit suicide. When news of Li Xian's death arrived at Luoyang, Empress Wu publicly blamed Qiu and demoted him to the post of prefect of Die Prefecture (疊州, roughly modern Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu), while publicly morning Li Xian and posthumously creating him the title of Prince of Yong. Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture ( Tibetan: -དཀར་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་ / Dkar-lho Bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul ( is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. (Qiu was soon recalled to Luoyang to again be general. ) After Empress Wu's death in 705 and the restoration of Emperor Zhongzong to the throne, Emperor Zhongzong had Li Xian's casket returned to Chang'an, to be buried near the tomb of Emperor Gaozong. Alternate meanings Area code 705; Project 705; Life 705 Events By Place Asia February 20 After Emperor Ruizong became emperor again in 710, he had Li Xian's crown prince title restored. For the area code see Area code 710. For the Los Angeles-area freeway see Interstate 710.

Notes and references

1. ^ 兩千年中西曆轉換
2. ^ 兩千年中西曆轉換

• Book of Tang, vol. The Book of Tang ( or the Old Book of Tang (舊唐書/旧唐书 is the first classic work about the Tang Dynasty. 86. [1]
• New Book of Tang, vol. The New Book of Tang ( is a classic work of history about the Tang Dynasty edited by Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi (宋祁 and other official scholars of the 81. [2]
• Zizhi Tongjian, vols. The Zizhi Tongjian ( was a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography. 200, 202, 203.