Li Daozong (李道宗) (603?-656?[1]), courtesy name Chengfan (承範), was an imperial prince of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. Events By Place Europe Battle of Degsastan: Æthelfrith of Bernicia defeats Áedán mac Gabráin of Events By Place Europe Oswiu of Northumbria annexes Mercia Asia The Battle of A Chinese style name, sometimes also known as a courtesy name ( zì) is a given name to be used later in life Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River ( valley in the Neolithic era The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by He was a cousin of Emperor Taizong, and in Emperor Taizong's reign commanded forces in campaigns against Eastern Tujue, Tuyuhun, Goguryeo, and Xueyantuo. Emperor Taizong of Tang ( January 23, 599 &ndash July 10 649) personal name Lǐ Shìmín ( was the second emperor of the Göktürks ( Turkish: Gök Türkler) were a Turkic people of ancient Central Asia. Goguryeo or Koguryo was an ancient Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean peninsula, southern Manchuria, and Xueyantuo (薛延陀 or Syr-Tardush were an ancient Tiele people and Khanate in central/northern Asia who were at one point vassals of In 653, during the reign of Emperor Taizong's son Emperor Gaozong, Li Daozong offended Emperor Gaozong's uncle, the powerful chancellor Zhangsun Wuji, and Zhangsun exiled him to Xiang Prefecture (象州, roughly modern Laibin, Guangxi), on accusation that he associated with the treasonous Fang Yi'ai (房遺愛). Background and life as Prince of Jin Li Zhi was born in 628 He was the ninth son of his father Emperor Taizong, and the third son of his mother Emperor Taizong's wife The chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (唐朝宰相 was an office that was semi-formally designated for a number of high level officials at one time during the Chinese Zhangsun Wuji (長孫無忌 (d 659 Courtesy name Fuji (輔機 formally Duke of Zhao (趙公 was a chancellor of the Chinese Laibin ( Simplified Chinese: 来宾 Pinyin: Láibīn is a Prefecture-level city in the central part of China 's Guangxi Zhuang Guangxi (or Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region;) is a Zhuang autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Li Daozong died on the way to exile.
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During Emperor Gaozu's reign
Li Daozong was probably born in 603, during the reign of Emperor Wen of Sui (Yang Jian). Events By Place Europe Battle of Degsastan: Æthelfrith of Bernicia defeats Áedán mac Gabráin of Background Yang Jian's clan was from Hongnong Commandery (弘農 roughly modern Sanmenxia, Henan) His grandfather Li Zhang (李璋) was a Northern Zhou official and a son of the Western Wei general Li Hu (李虎), the grandfather of the major Sui Dynasty general Li Yuan, who had been executed late in Northern Zhou for plotting with the Northern Zhou prince Yuwen Zhao (宇文招) to kill Yang Jian while Yang Jian was regent and on the path to take over the throne. The Northern Zhou Dynasty (Chinese北周 followed the Western Wei, and ruled northern China from 557 to 581. The Western Wèi Dynasty (Chinese西魏 followed the disintegration of the Northern Wei, and ruled northern China from 535 to 556. The Sui Dynasty ( 581 - 618 AD and in the undertaking of other construction projects including the reconstruction of the Great Wall. Background and early career Li Yuan's seventh-generation ancestor was Li Gao, the founder of the Sixteen Kingdoms state Western Liang. A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor Li Zhang's sons were not killed, however, and one of them, Li Shao (李韶), was Li Daozong's father.
Li Yuan rebelled against Emperor Yang of Sui in 617, and by 618 had established Tang Dynasty as its Emperor Gaozu. Background Yang Guang was born in 569 during the reign of Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou. Events By Place Europe Heathens revolt in Kent under king Eadbald. Events By Place Asia The Sui Dynasty ends and the Tang Dynasty begins in China. The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by He created many of his relatives with nobility titles, Li Daozong was created the Duke of Lüeyang. In 619, a major Tang enemy Liu Wuzhou the Dingyang Khan attacked and captured most of Tang's holdings in modern Shanxi and approached Hedong (河東, in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi). Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Avars attack Constantinople. Initial establishment of Dingyang Liu Wuzhou's clan was originally from Hejian Commandery (河間 roughly modern Baoding, Hebei) ( Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the People's Republic of China. Yuncheng ( is the southernmost Prefecture-level city in Shanxi Province, China. ( Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the People's Republic of China. Li Daozong served under Emperor Gaozu's son Li Shimin the Prince of Qin in resisting Liu, and at his suggestion, Li Shimin did not engage Liu immediately, choosing to wear out Liu's food supplies, eventually allowing Li Shimin to defeat Liu. Emperor Taizong of Tang ( January 23, 599 &ndash July 10 649) personal name Lǐ Shìmín ( was the second emperor of the Further, during the campaign, Li Daozong and Yuwen Shiji were able to persuade Liu's general Yuchi Jingde to surrender, and Yuchi later became an important general under Li Shimin. Yuwen Shiji (宇文士及 (d 642 formally Duke Zong of Ying (郢縱公 was an official of the Chinese dynasties Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty Yuchi Jingde (尉遲敬德 (585-658 formal name Yuchi Gong (尉遲恭 but went by the Courtesy name of Jingde formally Duke Zhongwu of E (鄂忠武公
Li Daozong was then made the commandant at Ling Prefecture (靈州, roughly modern Yinchuan, Ningxia). Yinchuan ( is the Capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Republic of China, and former capital of the Western Xia Empire of the Ningxia ( Postal map spelling: Ningsia full name Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ( is a Hui autonomous region of the People's Republic When Liang Luoren (梁洛仁), the brother of Liang Shidu the Emperor of Liang attacked with assistance from Eastern Tujue, and Li Daozong was able to repel him, and further expel the Eastern Tujue general Ashina Yushe (阿史那郁射) from the Wuyuan (五原, in modern Yulin, Shaanxi). Initial uprising Liang Shidu was from a prominent Clan of Xia Province (夏州 roughly modern Yulin, Shaanxi) and during the reign of Göktürks ( Turkish: Gök Türkler) were a Turkic people of ancient Central Asia. Yulin (榆林 Pinyin: Yúlín is a Prefecture-level city in the Shaanxi province of the People's Republic of China. ( Postal map spelling: Shensi) is a north-central province of the People's Republic of China, and includes portions of the Loess Emperor Gaozong, comparing Li Daozong's accomplishments to those of the Cao Wei imperial prince Cao Zhang the Prince of Rencheng, created Li Daozong the Prince of Rencheng. Cao Wei ( was one of the empires that competed for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period Cao Zhang (189 &ndash 223 was the son of the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era of China
During Emperor Taizong's reign
In 626, Li Shimin, then in an intense rivalry with his older brother Li Jiancheng the Crown Prince and fearful that Li Jiancheng was about to kill him, ambushed Li Jiancheng and another brother, Li Yuanji the Prince of Qi, who supported Li Jiancheng, at Xuanwu Gate and killed them. Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Byzantines defeat the Avars and Slavs, who were besieging Constantinople Li Jiancheng (李建成 ( 589 - July 2, 626) formally Crown Prince Yin (隱太子 literally "the hidden crown prince" nickname Crown Princess redirects here for the ship see Crown Princess (ship. Li Yuanji (李元吉 ( 603 - July 2, 626) formally Prince La of Chao (巢剌王 more commonly known by the title of Prince of Qi The Incident at Xuanwu Gate (玄武門之變 refers to an incident on July 2, 626, when Li Shimin the Prince of Qin a son of Emperor Gaozu of Tang He then effectively forced Emperor Gaozu to create him crown prince and then yield the throne to him (as Emperor Taizong). He recalled Li Daozong from Ling Prefecture, first to serve as the director of vassal affairs, and then as the chief judge of the supreme court. Later on, when Emperor Taizong was planning to attack Eastern Tujue, he again made Li Daozong the commandant at Ling Prefecture. In 630, when the general Li Jing launched the attack on Eastern Tujue, Li Daozong served under him, and eventually participated in the capture of Eastern Tujue's Jiali Khan Ashina Duobi, with Li Daozong's assistant Zhang Baoxiang (張寶相) carrying out the actual capture. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Serbs settle in the Balkans having been invited by the Byzantine emperor Heraclius Li Jing (李靖 Pinyin: Lǐ Jìng ( 571 - July 2, 649) né Yaoshi (藥師/药师 Pinyin: Yàoshī formally Jiali Khan ( Bagatur-Shad Il-khan Chieli Kara-Khieli Hieli Jiele Duobi 咄苾 Illig-Qaghan Kara Kagan) later Tang posthumous title Prince Huang of Guiyi (歸義荒王 Upon return, Emperor Taizong increased Li Daozong's fief by 600 households and made him the minister of justice.
In 634, Li Daozong again served under Li Jing, this time in an operation against Tuyuhun's Busabo Khan Murong Fuyun. Events By Place Oswald of Northumbria defeats Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd in the Battle of Heavenfield and Murong Fuyun (慕容伏允 (597-635 formal title Busabo Khan (步薩鉢可汗 was a ruler of the Xianbei / Qiang / Tibetan state Tuyuhun Tang forces achieved initial victories, but Tuyuhun forces then burned the grazing grass to cut the food supplies to Tang horses. Most Tang generals wanted to withdraw, but Li Daozong advocated continued advance, and Li Jing agreed, eventually allowing complete victory, as Murong Fuyun was killed by his subordinates, allowing his son Murong Shun, whom Tang supported, to become khan. Murong Shun (慕容順 (d 635 regal title Zhugulüwugandou Khan (趉故呂烏甘豆可汗 or in short Gandou Khan (甘豆可汗 Tang Dynasty noble [2]
In 637, as part of Emperor Taizong's scheme to bestow prefectures on his relatives and great generals and officials as their permanent domains, Li Daozong's title was changed to Prince of Jiangxia, and he was given the post of prefect of E Prefecture (鄂州, roughly modern Ezhou, Hubei), to be inherited by his heirs. Events By Place Europe Battle of Mag Rath Dál Riata influence in Ulster is greatly reduced or ended Ezhou ( Simplified Chinese: 鄂州 Pinyin: Èzhōu is a Prefecture-level city in China 's Hubei province ( Postal map spelling: Hupeh) is a central province of the People's Republic of China. Soon, however, with many objections to the system, the strongest of which came from Zhangsun Wuji, Emperor Taizong cancelled the scheme, although Li Daozong's title remained Prince of Jiangxia and he remained the Prefect of E Prefecture. Zhangsun Wuji (長孫無忌 (d 659 Courtesy name Fuji (輔機 formally Duke of Zhao (趙公 was a chancellor of the Chinese At one point, he was accused of corruption, and Emperor Taizong, in anger, removed him from the post and reduced his fief, but permitted him to return to his mansion as a prince. Eventually, he was made the minister of ceremonies. After Hou Junji destroyed Gaochang in 640, allowing Tang to annex Gaochang, Hou was unhappy that Emperor Taizong did not reward him as much as he expected and had further investigated him for stealing from the Gaochang treasury. Hou Junji (侯君集 (d April 29, 643) was a major general and chancellor of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, particularly known Gaochang ( is the site of an ancient Oasis city built on the northern rim of the inhospitable Taklamakan Desert in Xinjiang, China. Events By Place Europe Tulga succeeds his father Suinthila as king of the Visigoths. Li Daozong, knowing that Hou was unhappy, warned Emperor Taizong that Hou may commit treason -- a warning that Emperor Taizong did not believe, but later, in 643, after Hou was implicated in a plot with the crown prince Li Chengqian and executed, reminded Li Daozong about and thanked him for. Events By Place Europe Rothari King of the Lombards, issues the Lombard law code Li Chéngqián (李承乾 (619?- January 5, 645) Courtesy name Gaoming (高明 formally Prince Min of Hengshan (恆山愍王
In 645, Li Daozong accompanied Emperor Taizong in attacking Goguryeo, and he served as assistant to the forward commander Li Shiji. Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Byzantines recapture Alexandria from the Arabs Asia Goguryeo or Koguryo was an ancient Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean peninsula, southern Manchuria, and Li Shiji (李世勣 (594- December 31, 669) né Xu Shiji (徐世勣 later known in the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang as Li Ji In summer 645, they captured Gaimou (蓋牟, in modern Fushun, Liaoning), and then defeated Goguryeo forces at Liaodong (遼東, in modern Liaoyang, Liaoning), allowing Emperor Taizong to then capture Liaodong. Fushun ( is a city in Liaoning, China, about 45 km from Shenyang, with a population about 1 ( is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. Liaoyang ( is a city in China Liaoning province located in the middle of the heavily polluted Liaodong Peninsula. ( is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. However, after another victory over Goguryeo forces at Anshi (安市, in modern Anshan, Liaoning), Emperor Taizong became bogged down in his siege of Anshi, and Li Daozong suggested, instead, that he skip Anshi and directly attack the Goguryeo capital Pyongyang. ( is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. Pyongyang (pʰjʌŋjaŋ is the Capital and largest City of North Korea, located on the Taedong River, at. Emperor Taizong initially agreed, but Li Shiji and Zhangsun Wuji opposed, believing that if they did not capture Anshi first, Anshi's defender (a capable general known in Korean popular legends as Yang Manchun, although whether that was his real name is unknown) would attack them from the rear. Zhangsun Wuji (長孫無忌 (d 659 Courtesy name Fuji (輔機 formally Duke of Zhao (趙公 was a chancellor of the Chinese Yang Manchun is the name given to the Goguryeo commander of Ansi fortress in the 640s. Emperor Taizong therefore continued to siege Anshi. During Anshi's siege, part of Anshi's city walls collapsed, and Tang forces had an opportunity to enter, but at that time, Fu Fu'ai (傅伏愛), an officer under Li Daozong, was not paying attention, and instead Goguryeo forces fought out from the breach and captured the part of the offensive earthworks that Li Daozong was responsible for, using it instead for defense. For this offense, Emperor Taizong executed Fu, and when Li Daozong, baring his feet to show remorse, requested forgiveness, Emperor Taizong rebuked him but kept him in command of his forces. Subsequently, with Anshi's defenses holding, Emperor Taizong withdrew, with Li Shiji and Li Daozong serving as the rear guard. After returning to Chang'an, Li Daozong offered to resign on account of illness, and Emperor Taizong made him the director of imperial clan affairs, a much less stressful position.
During Emperor Gaozong's reign
In 649, Emperor Taizong died and was succeeded by his second crown prince, Li Zhi (as Emperor Gaozong). Events By Place Europe Reccaswinth succeeds his father Chindaswinth as king of the Visigoths. Background and life as Prince of Jin Li Zhi was born in 628 He was the ninth son of his father Emperor Taizong, and the third son of his mother Emperor Taizong's wife Emperor Gaozong's uncle Zhangsun Wuji and Chu Suiliang served as the lead chancellors. Chu Suiliang (褚遂良 (597-658 Courtesy name Dengshan (登善 formally Duke of Henan (河南公 was a chancellor of the Chinese In 652, a plot was discovered, centered around Empress Taizong's daughter Princess Gaoyang and her husband Fang Yi'ai that, allegedly, sought to install Emperor Taizong's brother Li Yuanjing (李元景) the Prince of Jing as emperor. Events By Place Europe Rodoald succeeds his father Rothari as king of the Lombards. Zhangsun expanded the scope of the investigations and, in spring 653, the co-conspirators were killed. Events Sigeberht II the Good succeeds Sigeberht I the Little as king of Essex. However, as Zhangsun and Chu both had rivalries with Li Daozong, they exiled Li Daozong, as well as the chancellor Yuwen Jie and the general Zhishi Sili (執失思力), to Xiang Prefecture. Yuwen Jie (宇文節 Courtesy name Dali (大禮 was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as chancellor during Li Daozong died on the way to his place of exile, at the age of 53, probably in 656. Events By Place Europe Oswiu of Northumbria annexes Mercia Asia The Battle of [1] Later, after Zhangsun's and Chu's own downfalls (at the hands of Emperor Gaozong's wife Empress Wu and her associates), Li Daozong's posts were posthumously restored. Wu Zetian ( (625 – December 16, 705 In 705 she was overthrown in a coup and Emperor Zhongzong was returned to the throne
It was said that late in his life, Li Daozong was studious and humble. The New Book of Tang praised Li Daozong and his cousin Li Xiaogong to be the most capable princes early in Tang history. Li Xiaogong (李孝恭 (591-640 formally Prince Yuan of Hejian (河間元王 often referred to by his earlier title as Prince of Zhao Commandery (趙郡王
Notes
- ^ a b Historical accounts indicate that Li Daozong died at the age of 53, and died during the journey to his place of exile after he was exiled in 653, without reaching the place of exile. Events Sigeberht II the Good succeeds Sigeberht I the Little as king of Essex. That appears to be some evidence that he died in 653, but is not conclusive. See Book of Tang, vol. The Book of Tang ( or the Old Book of Tang (舊唐書/旧唐书 is the first classic work about the Tang Dynasty. 60[1]. Meanwhile, the New Book of Tang mentioned that he was 16 in 619, and therefore these dates are used here. The New Book of Tang ( is a classic work of history about the Tang Dynasty edited by Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi (宋祁 and other official scholars of the Events By Place Byzantine Empire The Avars attack Constantinople.
- ^ This account, contained in Li Daozong's biography in the New Book of Tang, which further stated that Hou Junji was against further advancement, however, conflicted with Hou Junji's biography, which stated that Hou was the one who supported further advancement. Hou Junji (侯君集 (d April 29, 643) was a major general and chancellor of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, particularly known Compare New Book of Tang, vol. 78, with New Book of Tang, vol. 94[2]. The Zizhi Tongjian accepted the version that had Hou being the one who advocated further advance. The Zizhi Tongjian ( was a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography. See Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 194.
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