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Li Chongrun (李重潤) (682-October 8, 701[1]), né Li Chongzhao (李重照), formally Crown Prince Yide (懿德太子), was an imperial prince of the Chinese dynasties Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty. Events By Place Europe The first entry is made in the Welsh chronicle Brut y Tywysogion. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Events By Place Europe Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River ( valley in the Neolithic era The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by Wu Zetian ( (625 – December 16, 705 In 705 she was overthrown in a coup and Emperor Zhongzong was returned to the throne He was the only son of Emperor Zhongzong (Li Zhe/Li Xian) and Emperor Zhongzong's second wife Empress Wei. Background Li Xiǎn was born in 656 as the seventh son of his father Emperor Gaozong and the third son of his mother Emperor Gaozong's second wife Empress Wu Empress Wei (韋皇后 personal name unknown (died July 21, 710) was an Empress of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. In 701, he offended his grandmother Wu Zetian by discussing about Wu Zetian's lovers Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong with his sister Li Xianhui (李仙蕙) the Lady Yongtai and her husband Wu Yanji (武延基) the Prince of Wei, and he, along with Li Xianhui and Wu Yanji, were forced to commit suicide. Zhang Yizhi (張易之 (d February 20, 705) formally the Duke of Heng (恆公 nickname Wulang (五郎 was an official of Wu Zetian Zhang Changzong (張昌宗 (d February 20, 705) formally the Duke of Ye (鄴公 nickname Liulang (六郎 was an official of Wu Zetian [2][3] He was posthumously honored as crown prince after his father Emperor Zhongzong was restored to the throne in 705 and in 706, Emperor Zhongzong provided Li Chongrun with an honorable burial by interring his remains at the Qianling Mausoleum. Crown Princess redirects here for the ship see Crown Princess (ship. Alternate meanings Area code 705; Project 705; Life 705 Events By Place Asia February 20 The Qianling Mausoleum ( is a Tang Dynasty (618&ndash907 tomb site located in Qian County, Shaanxi province China, and is 85 km (53 miles

During Emperor Gaozong's reign and Emperors Zhongzong and Ruizong's first reigns

Li Chongrun, then named Li Chongzhao, was born in 682, to then-Crown Prince Li Zhe and Li Zhe's wife Crown Princess Wei. Events By Place Europe The first entry is made in the Welsh chronicle Brut y Tywysogion. Crown Princess redirects here for the ship see Crown Princess (ship. Empress Wei (韋皇后 personal name unknown (died July 21, 710) was an Empress of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. [4] Shortly after Li Chongzhao's birth, Li Zhe's father Emperor Gaozong created Li Chongzhao the unprecedented title of Deputy Crown Prince (皇太孫, Huang Taisun)[5] and gave him a staff. Background and life as Prince of Jin Li Zhi was born in 628 He was the ninth son of his father Emperor Taizong, and the third son of his mother Emperor Taizong's wife When Emperor Gaozong became ill at the eastern capital Luoyang late in 683, Emperor Gaozong summoned Li Zhe to Luoyang and left the capital Chang'an, where Li Zhe was previously in charge, nominally under Li Chongzhao, but with the chancellor Liu Rengui actually in charge. Luoyang ( is a Prefecture-level city in western Henan province, People's Republic of China. 683 is a prime number Events By Place Americas The reign of Pacal the Great, ruler of Maya state of Palenque Chang'an ( is an ancient Capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history. The chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (唐朝宰相 was an office that was semi-formally designated for a number of high level officials at one time during the Chinese Liu Rengui (劉仁軌 ( 602 - March 2, 685) Courtesy name Zhengze (正則 formally Duke Wenxian of Lecheng (樂城文獻公 [6] Later that year, Emperor Gaozong died, and Li Zhe succeeded him (as Emperor Zhongzong), although Li Zhe's mother Empress Wu wielded actual power, as empress dowager. Wu Zetian ( (625 – December 16, 705 In 705 she was overthrown in a coup and Emperor Zhongzong was returned to the throne Empress Dowager ( Chinese: 皇太后 Chinese, Korean Pronunciation: Hwang Tae Hu Japanese Pronunciation: Kōtaigō Vietnamese Pronunciation

In spring 684, after Emperor Zhongzong showed signs of independence, Empress Dowager Wu deposed him and reduced him to the title of Prince of Lulin, replacing him with Li Chongzhao's uncle Li Dan the Prince of Yu (as Emperor Ruizong). Events By Place Asia Wu Ze Tian takes power in China The Ummayad caliph Muawiya II is succeeded by Background Li Xulun was born in 662 as the youngest son of Emperor Gaozong and his second wife Empress Wu (later known as Wu Zetian Shortly thereafter, Li Chongzhao was reduced to commoner rank. It is not completely clear, but he appeared to have been exiled with his parents to Jun Prefecture (均州, in modern Shiyan, Hubei). Administration The Prefecture-level city of Shiyan administers 8 county-level divisions, including 2 districts, 1 County-level city ( Postal map spelling: Hupeh) is a central province of the People's Republic of China. It might have been around that time that he was renamed to Li Chongrun, to observe naming taboo of Empress Dowager Wu's personal name. Naming taboo is a cultural taboo against speaking or writing the given names of exalted persons in China and neighboring nations in the ancient Chinese cultural sphere

During Wu Zetian's reign

Meanwhile, in 690, Li Chongrun's grandmother Empress Dowager Wu forced his uncle Emperor Ruizong to yield the throne to her, interrupting Tang Dynasty and establishing her own Zhou Dynasty with her as "emperor" (thereafter known as Wu Zetian). Events By Place Asia Wu Zetian 's Zhou Dynasty begins in China (she was China's first and only female emperor ruling on her own In 698, under the advice of the chancellor Di Renjie, she recalled Li Zhe to Luoyang, which had been made capital. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Tiberius III deposes Leontius and becomes Byzantine Emperor. Dí Rénjié ( ( 630 - August 15, 700) Courtesy name Huaiying (懷英 formally Duke Wenhui of Liang (梁文惠公 was Soon thereafter, Li Dan, who had been made crown prince when he yielded the throne, offered to yield the position of crown prince to Li Zhe. Wu Zetian agreed, and created Li Zhe crown prince, changing his personal name to Xian and further changing his surname to Wu. She created Li Chongrun the Prince of Shao.

As of 701, in her old age, Wu Zetian had allowed her lovers Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong to handle much of the affairs of state. Events By Place Europe Zhang Yizhi (張易之 (d February 20, 705) formally the Duke of Heng (恆公 nickname Wulang (五郎 was an official of Wu Zetian Zhang Changzong (張昌宗 (d February 20, 705) formally the Duke of Ye (鄴公 nickname Liulang (六郎 was an official of Wu Zetian Li Chongrun was not pleased with this state of affairs, and had discussed the issue with his sister Li Xianhui the Lady Yongtai and her husband Wu Yanji the Prince of Wei (Wu Zetian's grandnephew). This discussion was somehow leaked,[7] and Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong complained to Wu Zetian. In anger, she ordered that the three of them be forced to commit suicide (or, possibly, be caned to death).

It was said that Li Chongrun was handsome, filially pious, and caring for his siblings, and that his death was much mourned by the people. In 705, after Emperor Zhongzong was restored to the throne after a coup, he ordered that Li Chongrun and Li Xianhui be reburied with honors usually only due emperors, near the tomb of Emperor Gaozong. Alternate meanings Area code 705; Project 705; Life 705 Events By Place Asia February 20 He also posthumously honored Li Chongrun as Crown Princess Yide and Li Xianhui as Princess Yongtai. He had the deceased daughter of the official Pei Cui (裴粹) be posthumously married to Li Chongrun and had her buried with Li Chongrun.

Notes and references

  1. ^ 兩千年中西曆轉換
  2. ^ The Zizhi Tongjian asserted that Li Chongrun was forced to commit suicide, but the Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang asserted in his biographies that he was caned to death on Wu Zetian's orders. The Zizhi Tongjian ( was a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography. The Book of Tang ( or the Old Book of Tang (舊唐書/旧唐书 is the first classic work about the Tang Dynasty. The New Book of Tang ( is a classic work of history about the Tang Dynasty edited by Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi (宋祁 and other official scholars of the Compare Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 207, with Book of Tang, vol. 86[1] and New Book of Tang, vol. 81. [2] The Book of Tang, meanwhile, inconsistently asserted in the chronicles of Wu Zetian's reign that he was forced to commit suicide. See Book of Tang, vol. 6. [3] The chronicles of Wu Zetian's reign in the New Book of Tang merely stated that the three of them "were killed. " See New Book of Tang, vol. 4. [4]
  3. ^ However, some modern historians, based on the text on Li Xianhui's tombstone (written after Emperor Zhongzong was restored to the throne in 705), which suggested that she died the day after her brother and her husband and that she was pregnant at death, and the fact that the skeleton believed to be hers had a small pelvis, have proposed the theory that she was not ordered to commit suicide, but had, in grief over her brother's and husband's deaths, had either a miscarriage or a difficult birth and died from that. Alternate meanings Area code 705; Project 705; Life 705 Events By Place Asia February 20 See, e. g. , illustrations preceding the Bo Yang Edition of the Zizhi Tongjian, vol. Bo Yang ( 7 March 1920 – 29 April 2008) also sometimes called Bai Yang, was a Chinese language writer based in 49. It may be notable that the Chinese Wikipedia article for Li Xianhui gave the text for her tombstone, but did not give an external link corroborating the text in the article. The Chinese Wikipedia (中文維基百科/中文维基百科 is the Chinese language edition of Wikipedia, run by the Wikimedia Foundation.
  4. ^ It is unclear whether he was Li Zhe's first son, as asserted by Book of Tang, vol. 86, as his brother Li Chongfu, described as the second son, was said to have died at age 30 when he was killed in 710 -- which would make his birth date 680, two years before Li Chongzhao's. Li Chongfu (李重福 (680?- September 10, 710) was an imperial prince of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. For the area code see Area code 710. For the Los Angeles-area freeway see Interstate 710. Events By Place Europe The Bulgars subjugate the country of current-day Bulgaria. The New Book of Tang avoid the issue by not giving birth ordinals to either Li Chongzhao or Li Chongfu. See New Book of Tang, vol. 81.
  5. ^ The title of Huang Taisun had been used before for the crown prince during the reigns of Emperor Hui of Jin and Emperor Wu of Southern Qi, but had never been used for a son of a crown prince. Life prior to ascension Sima Zhong was born to Sima Yan and his wife Yang Yan in 259 while Sima Yan was still the assistant to his father the Cao Wei Background Xiao Ze was born in the Liu Song capital Jiankang in 440 when his father Xiao Daocheng was just 13 years old See response by official Wang Fangqing to Emperor Gaozong's inquiry in Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 203. Wang Fangqing (王方慶 (d 702 formal name Wang Lin (王綝 but went by the Courtesy name of Fangqing formally Duke Zhen of Shiquan (石泉貞公 The Zizhi Tongjian ( was a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography.
  6. ^ The Zizhi Tongjian indicated that the son of Li Zhe left nominally in charge of Chang'an was Li Chongfu the Prince of Tangchang. See Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 203. However, both the Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang indicated that it was Li Chongzhao who was left in charge, and as Li Chongzhao's position was higher than Li Chongfu's, as he had the title of deputy crown prince, it appeared more likely that Li Chongzhao was in charge. See Book of Tang, vol. 84,[5] and New Book of Tang, vol. 180. [6] The Book of Tang did, elsewhere, indicate that Li Chongfu, not Li Chongzhao, was nominally in charge. See Book of Tang, vol. 5. [7]
  7. ^ Li Chongrun's mother Empress Wei would later accuse his brother Li Chongfu of leaking the information, although there appears to be no particular evidence Li Chongfu did so, and in the Zizhi Tongjian, it was asserted that her accusation against Li Chongfu was false. See Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 208.
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