Lhasa Lasa
Tibetan transliteration(s)
- Tibetan	ལྷ་ས་
- Wylie transliteration	lha sa
- pronunciation in IPA	[ʹl̥ʰásə] or [ʹl̥ʰɜ́ːsə]
- official transcription (PRC)	Lha sa
- THDL	Lhasa
- other transcriptions
Chinese transliteration(s)
- Traditional	拉薩
- Simplified	拉萨
- Pinyin	Lāsà
Lhasa main street
Lhasa Location within China
Coordinates: 29°39′N 91°07′E / 29.65, 91.117
Country	China
Region	Tibet
Prefecture	Lhasa Prefecture
Government
- Mayor	Doje Cezhug
Area
- Land	53 km² (20. Tibetan refers to a group of languages spoken primarily by Tibetan peoples who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia as well as by overseas The Tibetan script is an Abugida of Indic origin used to write the Tibetan language as well as the Dzongkha language, Ladakhi language The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language Typewriter. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic Tibetan pinyin is the official transcription system for the Tibetan language in the People's Republic of China. The THDL Simplified Phonetic Transcription of Standard Tibetan (or THDL Phonetic Transcription for short is a system for the phonetic rendering of the Tibetan Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR also called Xizang Autonomous Region (བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས་ Wylie: Bod-rang-skyong-ljongs See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted Lhasa, ( in English l̥ʰásə or in Tibetan; Chinese: 拉萨 Pinyin: Lāsà sometimes spelled Lasa, is the administrative capital of the A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Doje Cezhug is the current mayor of Lhasa. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 5 sq mi)
Elevation	3,650 m (11,975 ft)
Population (2004 est. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit )
- Total	257,400
- Major Nationalities	Han Chinese; Tibetan; Hui
- Regional dialect	Tibetan language, Hohhot dialect
Time zone	+8 (UTC)
Area code(s)	850000

Lhasa, (pronounced [ʹl̥ʰásə] or [ʹl̥ʰɜ́ːsə] in Tibetan, [l̥asa] in English) sometimes spelled Lasa, is the capital of Tibet and the administrative capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. The Tibetan people are indigenous to Tibet and surrounding areas stretching from Central Asia in the North and West to Myanmar and China Proper Tibetan refers to a group of languages spoken primarily by Tibetan peoples who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia as well as by overseas Hohhot dialect ( is a dialect of Jin, one of the subdivisions of Spoken Chinese. A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR also called Xizang Autonomous Region (བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས་ Wylie: Bod-rang-skyong-ljongs Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Lhasa is located at the foot of Mount Gephel. Mount Gephel ( is a small Tibetan Mountain located 8 kilometers west of Lhasa in Tibet.

The city is the traditional seat of the Dalai Lama and the Potala and Norbulingka palaces (both are included in a World Heritage Site^[1]) and in Tibetan Buddhism is regarded as the holiest centre in Tibet. The Dalai Lama is the spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan people according to Tibetan Buddhism. The Potala Palace () is located in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Norbulingka also refers to the Norbulingka Institute. Norbulingka (ནོར་བུ་གླིང་ཀ་ Wylie: Nor-bu-gling-ka A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including

The city is home to 257,400 as of the 2004 census estimate, and at an altitude of approximately 3,650 metres (11,975 feet), is the highest capital city in the world. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Altitude is the Elevation of a point or object from a known level or datum (plural data The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International

Lhasa literally means "place of the gods", although ancient Tibetan documents and inscriptions demonstrate that the place was called Rasa, which means "goat's place", until the early 7th century. The domestic goat ( Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat Domesticated from the Wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. ^[2]

The city is part of a township-level prefecture, the Lhasa Prefecture consisting of 7 small counties: Lhünzhub County, Damxung County, Nyêmo County, Qüxü County, Doilungdêqên County, Dagzê County and Maizhokunggar County. Lhasa, ( in English l̥ʰásə or in Tibetan; Chinese: 拉萨 Pinyin: Lāsà sometimes spelled Lasa, is the administrative capital of the Lhünzhub ( Tibetan: ལྷུན་གྲུབ་རྫོང་ Wylie: lhun grub rdzong Simplified Chinese: 林周县 Pinyin: Línzhōu Damxung ( Tibetan: འདམ་གཞུང་རྫོང་ Wylie: 'Dam-gzhung rdzong Simplified Chinese: 当雄县 Pinyin: Dāngxióng Xiàn Nyêmo (སྙེ་མོ་རྫོང་ Wylie: snye mo rdzong Simplified Chinese: 尼木县 Pinyin: Nímù Xiàn is a county west Qüxü (ཆུ་ཤུར་རྫོང་ Wylie: chu shur rdzong Simplified Chinese: 曲水县; Pinyin: Qūshuǐ Xiàn is a county west Doilungdêqên ( Tibetan: སྟོད་ལུང་བདེ་ཆེན་རྫོང་ Wylie: Stod-lung-bde-chen rdzong; Simplified Chinese: 堆龙德庆县 Dagzê ( Tibetan: སྟག་རྩེ་རྫོང་ Wylie: Stag-rtse rdzong Simplified Chinese: 达孜县 Pinyin: Dázī Xiàn is Maizhokunggar ( Tibetan: མལ་གྲོ་གུང་དཀར་རྫོང་ Wylie: Mal-gro-gung-dkar rdzong Simplified Chinese: 墨竹工卡县

Contents 1 History 2 Dalai Lamas of Lhasa 3 Geography and climate 4 Administration 5 Economy 6 Demographics 7 Culture and landmarks 7.1 Landmarks 8 Tourism 9 Transport 10 Lhasa in entertainment 11 References 12 External links 12.1 Maps and aerial photos

History

There is considerable debate over the geographical prominence of Lhasa in early Tibetan history.

By the mid 7^th century, Songtsän Gampo became the leader of the Tibetan Empire that had risen to power in the Yarlung River Valley. Songtsän Gampo ( Tibetan: སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ་ Wylie: Srong-btsan In 641 A. Events By Place Europe Chindaswinth deposes Tulga, and becomes king of the Visigoths. D. , Songtsän Gampo, who by this time had conquered the whole Tibetan region, wedded Princess Bhrikuti of Nepal and Princess Wen Cheng of the Imperial Tang court. Songtsän Gampo ( Tibetan: སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ་ Wylie: Srong-btsan Princess Wencheng ( Tibetan: Mung-chang Kungco Chinese: 文成公主 Pinyin: Wénchéng Gōngzhǔ (d The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by Through these marriages, he converted to Buddhism and proceeded to build the Ramoche and Jokhang temples in Lhasa to house two Buddha statues brought to his court by the two princesses, even as it was noted that Songtsän Gampo's empire was nomadic and he held court in large movable resplendent tents. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Buddharūpa (बुद्धरूप literally 'Form of the Awakened One' is the Sanskrit and Pali term used in Buddhism for statues or models of the Songtsän Gampo ( Tibetan: སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ་ Wylie: Srong-btsan

From the fall of the monarchy to the accession of the fifth Dalai Lama, the centre of political power in the Tibetan region was not situated in Lhasa. Songtsän Gampo ( Tibetan: སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ་ Wylie: Srong-btsan However, the importance of Lhasa as a religious site became increasingly significant as the centuries progressed. ^[3] It was known as the centre of Tibet where Padmasambhava magically pinned down the earth demonness with the foundation of the Jokhang Temple built over her heart. Padmasambhava () The Lotus Born, is said to have transmitted Tantric Buddhism to Bhutan and Tibet in the 8th century. The Jokhang, () also called the Qokang, Jokang, Jokhang Temple, Jokhang Monastery or Tsuklakang (gTsug lag khang, is the first ^[4]

By the 15^th century, the city of Lhasa had risen to prominence following the founding of three large Gelugpa monasteries by Je Tsongkhapa and his disciples in the 15th century. The Gelug or Gelug-pa, also known as the Yellow Hat sect, is a school of Buddhism founded by Tsongkhapa (1357–1419 a Philosopher Tsongkhapa ( (1357 &ndash 1419 whose name means "The Man from Onion Valley" was a famous teacher of Tibetan Buddhism whose activities led later to the formation The three monasteries are Ganden, Sera, and Drepung monasteries which were built as part of the puritanical Buddhist revival in Tibet. Ganden Monastery (also Gaden or Gandain) or Ganden Namgyeling is one of the 'great three' Gelukpa university monasteries of Tibet Sera Monastery ( (Se ra Theng chen gling is one of the 'great three' Gelukpa university monasteries of Tibet. Drepung Monastery (literally “Rice Heap” monastery) located at the foot of Mount Gephel, is one of the "great three" Gelukpa university monasteries The scholarly achievements and political knowhow of this sect eventually pushed Lhasa once more to centre stage.

The fifth Dalai Lama, Lobsang Gyatso (1617–1682), conquered Tibet and moved the centre of his administration to Lhasa, as the religious and political capital of Tibet. The Dalai Lama is the spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan people according to Tibetan Buddhism. Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso, the Great Fifth Dalai Lama (1617 &ndash 1682 was a political and religious leader in seventeenth-century Tibet. In 1645 the Potala Palace began reconstruction on Red Hill. The Potala Palace () is located in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. In 1648, the Potrang Karpo (White Palace) of the Potala was completed, and the Potala was used as a winter palace by the Dalai Lama from that time. The Potala Palace () is located in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. See also The movie Russian Ark, an innovative single shot walkthrough with period reenactments spanning three hundred years of court meetings The Potrang Marpo (Red Palace) was added between 1690 and 1694. The Potala Palace () is located in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. The name Potala is possibly derived from Mount Potalaka, the mythological abode of Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara. In the Buddhist context a bodhisattva (बोधिसत्त्व bodhisattva;; Vietnamese Bồ Tát; बोधिसत्त bodhisatta Avalokiteśvara ( Nepali: अवलोकितेश्वर, lit The Jokhang Temple was also greatly expanded around this time. Although some wooden carvings and lintels of the Jokhang Temple date to the 7^th century, the oldest of Lhasa's extant buildings, such as amidst the Potala Palace, the Jokhang and some of the monasteries and properties in the Old Quarter date to this second flowering in Lhasa's history. A lintel is defined as a horizontal block that spans the space between two supports in classical western architecture.

The 11th edition of Encyclopedia Britannica published between 1910-1911 noted the total population of Lhasa, including the lamas in the city and vicinity is about 30,000^[5]; a census in 1854 made the figure 42,000, but it is known to have greatly decreased since. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica Britannica noted that within Lhasa, there were about a total of 1,500 resident Tibetan laymen and about 5,500 Tibetan women. ^[5] The permanent population also includes Chinese families (about 2,000). ^[5] The city's residence also includes people from Nepal and Ladak (about 800), and a few from Bhotan and Mongolia and other places. ^[5] The Britannica noted with interest that the Chinese have a crowded burial-ground at Lhasa, tended carefully after their manner and the Nepalese supply the mechanics and metal-workers. ^[5]

In the first half of the 20^th century, several Western explorers made celebrated journeys to the city, including Francis Younghusband, Alexandra David-Néel, and Heinrich Harrer. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Lieutenant Colonel Sir Francis Edward Younghusband KCSI KCIE ( 31 May, 1863 - 31 July, 1942, Dorsetshire Alexandra David-Néel born Louise Eugénie Alexandrine Marie David (born in Saint-Mandé on October 24, 1868, and died in Digne-les-Bains Heinrich Harrer ( July 6, 1912 – January 7, 2006) was an Austrian mountaineer sportsman Geographer Lhasa was the centre of Tibetan Buddhism, and nearly half of its population were monks. MONK is a Monte Carlo software package for simulating nuclear processes particularly for the purpose of determining the neutron multiplication factor or k-effective The population of Lhasa was estimated at 25,000 in 1951, excluding some 15,000 monks in the area's monasteries, although with the invasion of China many people fled from the city including the living 14^th Dalai Lama who fled from his residence in the Potala Palace into exile in India in 1959 after the Lhasa uprising. Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January The People's Liberation Army (PLA defeated the Tibetan army in a war at Chamdo on October 7 1950 Exile means to be away from one's home (ie city state or country while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened by prison or death upon return India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The 1959 Tibetan uprising, or 1959 Tibetan Rebellion began on 10 March 1959, when an anti-Chinese and anti-Communist revolt erupted in Lhasa

Lhasa between 1987-1989 had major demonstrations against the Chinese occupation led by monks and nuns. As a result the Chinese government made life for monks and nuns more difficult by imposing restrictions and political re-educations in the monasteries. Many had to go through these "re-education sessions to align themselves with the Communist views and denounce the Dalai Lama and Tibetan independence. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based " Many monks who refused were sent to prison, while others left the monasteries and many escaped into India to carry on with their studies. MONK is a Monte Carlo software package for simulating nuclear processes particularly for the purpose of determining the neutron multiplication factor or k-effective A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of

As of the early 2000s, the city's population stands at about 255,000. For the history of Tibet since 1950, see the history of Tibet. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Tibetan history is characterized by a special dedication to the Buddhist religion both in the eyes of its own people as well as for the Mongol and Manchu

Dalai Lamas of Lhasa

Main article: Dalai Lama

Geography and climate

Lhasa 29°39.29′N, 91°7.1′E and the prefecture covers an area of close to 30,000 km². It has a central area of 544 km²^[6] and a total population of 500,000; 250,000 of its people live in the urban area. Lhasa is home to the Tibetan, Han, and Hui peoples, as well as many other ethnic groups, but the Tibetan ethnic group makes up 87% of the total population. The Tibetan people are indigenous to Tibet and surrounding areas stretching from Central Asia in the North and West to Myanmar and China Proper Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world.

Located at the bottom of a small basin surrounded by mountains, Lhasa has an elevation of 3,650 metres (12,000 feet) and lies in the centre of the Tibetan Plateau. The mountains around it rise to 5,500 metres (18,000 feet). The Kyi (or Kyi Chu) River, a tributary of the Yarlung Zangbo River), runs through the city. The Brahmaputra, also called Tsangpo-Brahmaputra is a Trans-boundary river and one of the major Rivers of Asia. The city stands by the Lhasa River known to local Tibetans as the "merry blue waves,". It runs through the snow-covered peaks and gullies of the Nyainqentanglha mountains, extending 315 km. The river empties into the Yarlung Zangbo River at Qüxü, forming an area of great scenic beauty. Qüxü (ཆུ་ཤུར་རྫོང་ Wylie: chu shur rdzong Simplified Chinese: 曲水县; Pinyin: Qūshuǐ Xiàn is a county west

With its flat land and mild weather, Lhasa is free of both freezing winters and unbearably hot summers, having an annual average daily temperature of 8 degrees C (43 degrees F). Winter is one of the four Seasons of Temperate zones Calculated astronomically, it begins on the Solstice and ends on the Equinox Summer is one of the four Temperate Seasons Summer marks the warmest time of year with the longest days It enjoys 3,000 hours of sunlight annually, so much more than most other cities, it is sometimes called the "sunlit city. "

Lhasa has an annual precipitation of 500 mm. It rains mainly in July, August and September. The rainy seasons in the summer and autumn are widely regarded the "best" seasons of the year, when it rains mostly at night, and is sunny in the daytime.

Temperature - Daily average (January) -1. 2^oC, 29. 8^oF; (July) 16. 4^oC, 61. 5^oF

Precipitation - Daily average (January) 0. 5 mm, 0. 02 inches; (July) 129. 7 mm, 5. 11 inches. ^[7]

Depending on how the status of Tibet before 1950 is interpreted, Lhasa can be regarded as the highest national capital at that time, surpassing La Paz, Bolivia, which currently holds that distinction. Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European This is a list of the highest settlement of each country. Only permanent settlements occupied year-round are included Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital Nuestra Señora de La Paz is the administrative Capital of Bolivia, as well as the departmental capital of La Paz Department. The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America.

Weather averages for Lhasa
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Average high °F (°C)	45 (7)	48 (9)	55 (13)	61 (16)	68 (20)	73 (23)	72 (22)	70 (21)	68 (20)	63 (17)	54 (12)	46 (8)
Average low °F (°C)	18 (-8)	23 (-5)	28 (-2)	36 (2)	43 (6)	50 (10)	52 (11)	50 (10)	46 (8)	36 (2)	25 (-4)	18 (-8)
Precipitation inches (mm)	0. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 03 (0. 8)	0. 04 (1)	0. 09 (2. 3)	0. 22 (5. 6)	0. 91 (23. 1)	2. 32 (58. 9)	3. 81 (96. 8)	3. 86 (98)	2. 19 (55. 6)	0. 19 (4. 8)	0. 02 (0. 5)	0. 02 (0. 5)
Source: [8] 2007-12-27

Administration

Administratively speaking, Lhasa is a prefecture-level city that consists of one district and seven counties. The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR also called Xizang Autonomous Region (བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས་ Wylie: Bod-rang-skyong-ljongs A prefecture-level city ( or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and The term district, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 ( xiàn) The district comprises the urban area of Lhasa and is called Chengguan District (Tibetan: ཁྲིན་ཀོན་ཆུས་, Wylie: khrin kon chus, simplified Chinese: 城关区; traditional Chinese: 城關區; pinyin: Chéngguān Qū). The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language Typewriter. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The seven counties are Lhünzhub, Damxung, Nyêmo, Qüxü, Doilungdêqên, Dagzê, and Maizhokunggar. Lhünzhub ( Tibetan: ལྷུན་གྲུབ་རྫོང་ Wylie: lhun grub rdzong Simplified Chinese: 林周县 Pinyin: Línzhōu Damxung ( Tibetan: འདམ་གཞུང་རྫོང་ Wylie: 'Dam-gzhung rdzong Simplified Chinese: 当雄县 Pinyin: Dāngxióng Xiàn Nyêmo (སྙེ་མོ་རྫོང་ Wylie: snye mo rdzong Simplified Chinese: 尼木县 Pinyin: Nímù Xiàn is a county west Doilungdêqên ( Tibetan: སྟོད་ལུང་བདེ་ཆེན་རྫོང་ Wylie: Stod-lung-bde-chen rdzong; Simplified Chinese: 堆龙德庆县 Dagzê ( Tibetan: སྟག་རྩེ་རྫོང་ Wylie: Stag-rtse rdzong Simplified Chinese: 达孜县 Pinyin: Dázī Xiàn is

Economy

Competitive industry together with feature economy, are playing key roles in the next stage of Lhasa's rapid development. In view of maintaining the balance between humans and nature, tourism and service industry are emphasised by local governors as two growth engines for the future.

Agriculture and husbandry in Lhasa is at a high standard. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Animal husbandry, also called Animal science, stockbreeding or simple husbandry, is the agricultural practice of breeding Mainly, people plant highland barley and winter wheat in Lhasa. Barley ( Hordeum vulgare) is an annual Cereal Grain, which serves as a major animal Feed crop, with smaller amounts used for Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. The resources of water conservancy, geothermal heating, solar energy, and various mines are abundant. Geothermal heating has been used since the time of the Roman Empire as a way of heating Buildings and Spas by utilizing sources of hot Water Solar energy is the Light and radiant heat from the Sun that powers Earth 's Climate and Weather and sustains Life

There is widespread electricity, and use of both machinery and traditional methods in the production of textiles, leathers, plastics, matches, embroidery, etc. A machine is any device that uses Energy to perform some activity A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Leather is a material created through the Tanning of hides and Skins of Animals primarily Cattlehide The Tanning process Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products A match is a consumable Tool for lighting a Fire under controlled circumstances on demand Embroidery is the Art or Handicraft of decorating fabric or other Materials with designs stitched in strands of thread or . The production of national handicrafts has made great progress recently and the Tibetan rugs manufactured at the Lhasa Carpet Factory sell well. Lhasa Carpet Factory is a factory south of Yanhe Dong Lu near the University of Tibet in Lhasa the capital of Tibet.

At the same time, sunset industries which cause serious pollution will fade out, in hopes of building a healthy eco system. Environmental problems such as soil erosion, acidification, and loss of vegetation are being addressed on the local government agenda. Erosion is the carrying away or displacement of solids ( Sediment, Soil, rock and other particles usually by the agents of currents such as wind Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region it refers to the Ground cover provided by plants

The tourism industry now brings significant business to the region, building on the attractiveness of the Potala Palace, the spectacular Himalayan landscape, and the many wild plants and animals native to the high altitudes of Central Asia. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south Many of Lhasa's rural residents practice traditional agriculture and animal husbandry. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Animal husbandry, also called Animal science, stockbreeding or simple husbandry, is the agricultural practice of breeding Lhasa is also the traditional and current hub of the Tibetan trading network. For many years, chemical and car making plants operated in the area, because the city's remoteness allowed them to pollute with minimal restriction. However, this has changed in recent years. Copper, lead, and zinc are mined nearby, and the Chinese government is experimenting with new methods of mineral mining and geothermal heat extraction in the area. Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30

Demographics

Tibetan exile groups assert that ethnic Tibetans are now in a minority in Lhasa, because of the influx of migrants from other parts of the PRC over the past number of years (particularly Han and Hui Chinese). Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. This is backed up by many foreign journalists who have reported from the city [1] [2]. Officially, the total population of Lhasa Prefecture-level City is 521,500 (including known migrant population, excluding military garrisons). Of this, 257,400 are in the urban area (including migrant population of 100,700), while 264,100 are outside. ^[9] Nearly half of Lhasa Prefecture-level City's population lives in Chengguan District, which is the administrative division that contains the urban area of Lhasa (i. e. the actual city).

According to the 2000 census (which did not count the substantial People's Liberation Army garrison or the many undocumented migrants), the ethnic distribution in Lhasa Prefecture-level City was as follows in November 2000:

Major ethnic groups in Lhasa Prefecture-level City by district or county, 2000 census
	Total	Tibetans		Han Chinese		others
Lhasa Prefecture-level City	474,499	387,124	81. The People's Liberation Army ( PLA) ( is the unified Military organization of all land sea and air forces of the People's Republic of China. The Tibetan people are indigenous to Tibet and surrounding areas stretching from Central Asia in the North and West to Myanmar and China Proper Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. 6%	80,584	17. 0%	6,791	1. 4%
Chengguan District	223,001	140,387	63. 0%	76,581	34. 3%	6,033	2. 7%
Lhünzhub County	50,895	50,335	98. Lhünzhub ( Tibetan: ལྷུན་གྲུབ་རྫོང་ Wylie: lhun grub rdzong Simplified Chinese: 林周县 Pinyin: Línzhōu 9%	419	0. 8%	141	0. 3%
Damxung County	39,169	38,689	98. Damxung ( Tibetan: འདམ་གཞུང་རྫོང་ Wylie: 'Dam-gzhung rdzong Simplified Chinese: 当雄县 Pinyin: Dāngxióng Xiàn 8%	347	0. 9%	133	0. 3%
Nyêmo County	27,375	27,138	99. Nyêmo (སྙེ་མོ་རྫོང་ Wylie: snye mo rdzong Simplified Chinese: 尼木县 Pinyin: Nímù Xiàn is a county west 1%	191	0. 7%	46	0. 2%
Qüxü County	29,690	28,891	97. Qüxü (ཆུ་ཤུར་རྫོང་ Wylie: chu shur rdzong Simplified Chinese: 曲水县; Pinyin: Qūshuǐ Xiàn is a county west 3%	746	2. 5%	53	0. 2%
Doilungdêqên County	40,543	38,455	94. Doilungdêqên ( Tibetan: སྟོད་ལུང་བདེ་ཆེན་རྫོང་ Wylie: Stod-lung-bde-chen rdzong; Simplified Chinese: 堆龙德庆县 8%	1,868	4. 6%	220	0. 5%
Dagzê County	24,906	24,662	99. Dagzê ( Tibetan: སྟག་རྩེ་རྫོང་ Wylie: Stag-rtse rdzong Simplified Chinese: 达孜县 Pinyin: Dázī Xiàn is 0%	212	0. 9%	32	0. 1%
Maizhokunggar County	38,920	38,567	99. Maizhokunggar ( Tibetan: མལ་གྲོ་གུང་དཀར་རྫོང་ Wylie: Mal-gro-gung-dkar rdzong Simplified Chinese: 墨竹工卡县 1%	220	0. 6%	133	0. 3%

^[10]

The Tibetan government in exile and reputable Western newspapers assert that, if the excluded PLA garrisons and migrants from outside Tibet are considered, ethnic Tibetans are now the minority in Lhasa. The Central Tibetan Administration (CTA officially the Central Tibetan Administration of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, is a Government in exile headed by Tenzin Resentment at the relative wealth and influence of the newcomers was one of the reasons behind the recent unrest in the city. The 2008 Tibetan unrest, also known as the 3•14 Riots in China began with demonstrations on March 10, 2008 ( Tibetan Uprising Day

Culture and landmarks

Lhasa has many sites of historic interest, including the Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple, Sera Monastery, Zhefeng Temple, Drepung Monastery and Norbulingka. Norbulingka also refers to the Norbulingka Institute. Norbulingka (ནོར་བུ་གླིང་ཀ་ Wylie: Nor-bu-gling-ka The Potala Palace () is located in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. The Jokhang, () also called the Qokang, Jokang, Jokhang Temple, Jokhang Monastery or Tsuklakang (gTsug lag khang, is the first Sera Monastery ( (Se ra Theng chen gling is one of the 'great three' Gelukpa university monasteries of Tibet. Drepung Monastery (literally “Rice Heap” monastery) located at the foot of Mount Gephel, is one of the "great three" Gelukpa university monasteries Drepung Monastery (literally “Rice Heap” monastery) located at the foot of Mount Gephel, is one of the "great three" Gelukpa university monasteries Norbulingka also refers to the Norbulingka Institute. Norbulingka (ནོར་བུ་གླིང་ཀ་ Wylie: Nor-bu-gling-ka However, many important sites were damaged or destroyed mostly, but not solely, during the Cultural Revolution. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in the People’s Republic of China was a struggle for power within the Communist Party of China that manifested into ^[11][12][13]

The city of Lhasa contains three concentric paths used by pilgrims to circumambulate (walk around) the sacred Johkhang Temple, many of whom make full or partial prostrations along these routes in order to gain spiritual merit. Concentric objects share the same center, axis or origin with one inside the other A pilgrim is one who undertakes a Pilgrimage, literally 'far afield' The innermost, the Nangkor (Nang-skor), is contained within the Jokhang Temple, and surrounds the sanctuary of the Jowo Shakyamuni, the most sacred statue in Tibetan Buddhism. The middle circumambulatory, the Barkor (Bar-skor), passes through the Old Town and surrounds the Jokhang Temple and various other buildings in its vicinity. The outer Lingkor (Gling-skor) encircles the entire traditional city of Lhasa. Due to the construction of a large new street, Beijing Lam, the Lingkor is not usually used by pilgrims today.

Every August the Shoton Festival is held in Lhasa, one of Tibet's biggest traditional festivals held since the 7th century.

Landmarks

• Potala Palace
• Barkhor
• Jokhang
• Norbulingka
• North Linkor Road
• Tibet University
• Lhasa Carpet Factory
• Lhasa Hotel
• Lhasa railway station
• Lhasa west railway station
• Central Beijing Road

Tourism

According to the region's authorities, 1. The Potala Palace () is located in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. The Barkhor () is an area of narrow streets and a public square located around Jokhang Temple in Lhasa, Tibet. The Jokhang, () also called the Qokang, Jokang, Jokhang Temple, Jokhang Monastery or Tsuklakang (gTsug lag khang, is the first Norbulingka also refers to the Norbulingka Institute. Norbulingka (ནོར་བུ་གླིང་ཀ་ Wylie: Nor-bu-gling-ka North Linkor Road is a major road of the city of Lhasa in the Tibet Autonomous Region which links the city to the north of Tibet. Tibet University ( Tibetan: Poijong Lobcha Qênmo བོད་ལྗོངས་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཆེན་མོ་ Chinese: Xīzàng Lhasa Carpet Factory is a factory south of Yanhe Dong Lu near the University of Tibet in Lhasa the capital of Tibet. Lhasa Hotel is one of the modern accommodation settlements built in the holy city of Lhasa, Tibet, a 4-star hotel at an altitude of 3600m Lhasa railway station ( is a railway station in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Lhasa west railway station ( is a railway station in Lhasa, Tibet. Central Beijing Road is a major road of the city of Lhasa in the Tibet Autonomous Region which links the city to the north-east of Tibet and 1 million people visited Tibet in 2004. Chinese authorities plan an ambitious growth of tourism in the region aiming at 10 million visitors by 2020; these visitors are expected to be mostly ethnic Chinese. Proponents of greater Tibetan autonomy are concerned that the increase in tourism will lead to an erosion of the indigenous culture of Tibet; in particular, these proponents have stated that renovation around historic sites, such as the Potala Palace, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are creating a jarring "Disney-like" degradation of the sacred site. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Walt Disney World Resort is the most visited and largest recreational resort in the world containing four Theme parks two Water parks twenty-three themed hotels

Transport

Journalists report that the opening of the Railway—the highest plateau railway in the world^[14]—in July 2006 has brought with it an increasing demand for property which has pushed prices up. The Qingzang railway, Qinghai–Xizang railway, or Qinghai–Tibet railway ( mtsho bod lcags lam མཚོ་བོད་ལྕགས་ལམ། is a high-altitude

Five trains arrive at and depart from Lhasa railway station each day. Lhasa railway station ( is a railway station in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Train numbered T27 takes 47 hours, 28 minutes from Beijing West, arrives in Lhasa at 20:58 every day. Beijing 's West Railway Station or just abbreviated as Beijing West ( Hanyu Pinyin: Běijīng Xīkèzhàn Simplified and Traditional The ticket costs 389 yuan for 'hard seat', or 813 yuan for a lower 'hard sleeper', 1262 yuan for a lower 'soft sleeper'. T28 from Lhasa to Beijing West departs at 08:00 and arrives in Beijing at 08:00 on the third day, taking 48 hours. There are also trains from Chengdu, Chongqing, Lanzhou, Xining, Guangzhou, and Shanghai. ( located in southwest People's Republic of China, is the capital of Sichuan province and a Sub-provincial city. Chongqing ( Postal map spelling: Chungking; Wade-Giles: Ch'ung-ch'ing) is the largest and most populous of the People's Republic of China Lanzhou ( Postal map spelling: Lanchow is a Prefecture-level city and capital of Gansu province in northwestern China. Xining ( Simplified Chinese: 西宁 Traditional Chinese: 西寧 Tibetan: ཟི་ནིང་ Pinyin: Xīníng Wylie: Zi-ning Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million Initially the large altitude difference has caused problems on this route, giving passengers altitude sickness. Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness ( AMS) altitude illness, or soroche, is a pathological condition that is caused by acute To counter this, extra oxygen is pumped in through the ventilation system, and personal oxygen masks are available. ^[15]

See also: Qingzang Railway and Lhasa railway station

Lhasa Gonggar Airport is located about 98 kilometres south of the city. The Qingzang railway, Qinghai–Xizang railway, or Qinghai–Tibet railway ( mtsho bod lcags lam མཚོ་བོད་ལྕགས་ལམ། is a high-altitude Lhasa railway station ( is a railway station in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Lhasa Gonggar Airport (拉萨贡嘎机场 is an airport that serves the city of Lhasa, Tibet, People’s Republic of China. ^[16] There is also a carpet factory there known for its high quality carpets, and the flagship hotel, the Lhasa Hotel has grown up in recent years. Lhasa Carpet Factory is a factory south of Yanhe Dong Lu near the University of Tibet in Lhasa the capital of Tibet. flagship is the lead ship in a fleet of vessels a designation given on account of being either the largest fastest newest most heavily armed or for publicity purposes the most well Lhasa Hotel is one of the modern accommodation settlements built in the holy city of Lhasa, Tibet, a 4-star hotel at an altitude of 3600m

Lhasa in entertainment

Life in Lhasa was covered by Austrian mountaineer Heinrich Harrer in his book Seven Years In Tibet and the film of that same name which starred Brad Pitt and David Thewlis. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Heinrich Harrer ( July 6, 1912 – January 7, 2006) was an Austrian mountaineer sportsman Geographer Seven Years in Tibet is a Adventure story written by Austrian Mountaineer and onetime SS Nazi Heinrich Harrer based on William Bradley "Brad" Pitt Pitt received a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination for his role in the 1995 film Twelve Monkeys David Thewlis (né Wheeler; born 20 March 1963 is an English Film, Television and stage Actor, as well as a The book in particular relates the story of his life in Lhasa during the 1940s. The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949 Events and trends The 1940s was a period between the radical 1930s and the conservative 1950s which also leads the period to be His autobiography, Beyond Seven Years in Tibet, published in English in 2007 also gives a perspective on his time in Lhasa. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

There are no pubs in Lhasa. There are some night spots which feature cabaret acts in which performers will sing English, Chinese, Tibetan, and Nepalese songs and dancers wear traditional Tibetan costume with long flowing cloth extending from their arms. Cabaret is a form of entertainment featuring Comedy, Song, Dance, and Theatre, distinguished mainly by the performance venue &mdash a Restaurant English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Tibetan refers to a group of languages spoken primarily by Tibetan peoples who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia as well as by overseas Nepali is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Nepal, Bhutan, and some parts of India and Myanmar (Burma As well, there are a number of small bars with live music, although they typically have limited drink menus and cater mostly to foreign patrons.

In 1995 a British electronic music act Banco de Gaia released the album Last Train to Lhasa. See also 1995 in music (UK Musical groups established in 1995 Record Electronic music is music that employs Electronic musical instruments and Electronic Music technology in its production Banco de Gaia is an Electronic music band from England, formed by Toby Marks (born 1964 South London) in 1991 Last Train to Lhasa is a double CD by Banco de Gaia which was released in 1995 (there was also a single-disc version The Chinese rock artist Zheng Jun has recorded a hit song titled "Back to Lhasa" (Hui Dao Lasa). Zheng Jun is Chinese rock music singer Originally from Xi'an, he attended university in Hangzhou. The song is filled with swirling Tibetan influences and rapidly took on the status of a classic. Lhasa is also referenced in "Terranigma", a RPG videogame that was released for the Super Nintendo in 1995. Terranigma, known in Japan as, is a 1995 Action role-playing game for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System developed by Quintet and published A role-playing game ( RPG; often roleplaying game) is a Game in which the participants assume the roles of Fictional characters. The Super Nintendo Entertainment System or Super NES (also called SNES and Super Nintendo) is a 16-bit Video game console that was Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995

References

• Das, Sarat Chandra. 1902. Lhasa and Central Tibet. Reprint: Mehra Offset Press, Delhi. 1988. ISBN 81-86230-17-3
• Miles, Paul. (April 09, 2005). "Tourism drive 'is destroying Tibet' Unesco fears for Lhasa's World Heritage sites as the Chinese try to pull in 10 million visitors a year by 2020". Daily Telegraph (London), p. 4.
• Richardson, Hugh E (1997). Lhasa. In Encyclopedia Americana international edition, (Vol. 17, pp. 281-282). Danbury, CT: Grolier Inc.
• (2006). Lhasa - Lhasa Intro
• Liu, Jianqiang (2006). chinadialogue - Preserving Lhasa's history (part one).

External links

• People's Government of Lhasa Official Website
• Lhasa @ China Tibet Information Center
• Lhasa Nights art exhibition

Maps and aerial photos

• Map central Lhasa
• Old map of central Lhasa from 1959

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