Lewis Cass
2nd Governor of Michigan Territory
In office October 29, 1813 – August 6, 1831
Preceded by	William Hull
Succeeded by	George Bryan Porter
14th United States Secretary of War
In office August 1, 1831 – October 5, 1836
President	Andrew Jackson
Preceded by	John Henry Eaton
Succeeded by	Joel Roberts Poinsett
United States Ambassador to France
In office October 4, 1836 – November 12, 1842
President	Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, William Henry Harrison, John Tyler
Preceded by	Edward Livingston
Succeeded by	William R. King
United States Senator from Michigan
In office March 4, 1845 – May 29, 1848 January 20, 1849 – March 3, 1857
Preceded by	Augustus S. Porter (1845) Thomas Fitzgerald (1849)
Succeeded by	Thomas Fitzgerald (1848) Zachariah Chandler (1857)
22nd United States Secretary of State
In office March 6, 1857 – December 14, 1860
President	James Buchanan
Preceded by	William L. Marcy
Succeeded by	Jeremiah S. Black
Born	October 9, 1782(1782-10-09) Exeter, New Hampshire U.S.
Died	June 17, 1866 (aged 83) Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Eliza Spencer Cass
Profession	Politician, Lawyer
Signature

Lewis Cass (October 9, 1782 – June 17, 1866) was an American military officer and politician. Michigan Territory was an Organized territory of the United States in the early 19th century between June 30, 1805 and January 26 Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a William Hull ( June 24, 1753 &ndash November 29, 1825) was an American Soldier and Politician. George Bryan Porter ( February 9 1791 - July 6 1834) was a US The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington 's administration Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 John Henry Eaton ( June 18, 1790 – November 17, 1856) was an American Politician and diplomat from Joel Roberts Poinsett ( March 2, 1779 &ndash December 12, 1851) was a Physician, Botanist and American The United States has sent Ambassadors to France since the American Revolution. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 Martin Van Buren (December 5 1782 July 24 1862 was the eighth President of the United States from 1837 to 1841 This article is about the general and president For his great-great-grandson see William H John Tyler Jr (March 29 1790 January 18 1862 was the tenth President of the United States (1841-1845 and the first ever to obtain that office via succession Edward Livingston (26 May 1764&ndash23 May 1836 was a prominent American jurist and statesman William Rufus deVane King (April 7 1786 &ndash April 18 1853 was a U The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Augustus Seymour Porter ( January 18, 1798 – September 18, 1872) was a U Thomas Fitzgerald ( April 10, 1796 &ndash March 25, 1855) was an American politician who served as a judge and state legislator Thomas Fitzgerald ( April 10, 1796 &ndash March 25, 1855) was an American politician who served as a judge and state legislator Zachariah Chandler ( December 10, 1813 &ndash November 1, 1879) was Mayor of Detroit (1851–52 a four-term The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting James Buchanan Jr (April 23 1791 – June 1 1868 was the fifteenth President of the United States (1857–1861 William Learned Marcy ( December 12, 1786 - July 4, 1857) was an American statesman who served as U Jeremiah Sullivan Black ( January 10, 1810 &ndash August 19, 1883) was an American statesman and lawyer Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 1782 ( MDCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Exeter is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 1782 ( MDCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person During his long political career, Cass served as a governor of the Michigan Territory, an American ambassador, a U.S. Senator representing Michigan, and was the nominee of the Democratic Party for President of the United States in 1848. Michigan Territory was an Organized territory of the United States in the early 19th century between June 30, 1805 and January 26 The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by ^[1]

Contents 1 Early life 2 Territorial governor 3 Later political career 4 Commemoration 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References

Early life

Cass was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, where he attended Phillips Exeter Academy. Exeter is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. Phillips Exeter Academy (also called Exeter, Phillips Exeter or PEA) is a Co-educational independent Boarding school for grades 9–12 His parents were Major Jonathan Cass and Molly Gilman. On May 26, 1806, he married the former Elizabeth Spencer. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Later he moved to Marietta, Ohio, in 1799.

Territorial governor

During the War of 1812, Cass served as a brigadier general and participated in the Battle of the Thames. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies The Battle of the Thames, also known as the Battle of Moraviantown, was a decisive American victory in the War of 1812. As a reward for his service, he was appointed Governor of the Michigan Territory by President James Madison on October 29, 1813, and served until 1831. Michigan Territory was an Organized territory of the United States in the early 19th century between June 30, 1805 and January 26 James Madison Jr (March 16 1751 – June 28 1836 was an American Politician, the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817 and one of the Founding Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He was frequently absent, and several territorial secretaries often served as acting governor in his place.

In 1817, he was one of two commissioners (along with Duncan McArthur) who negotiated the Treaty of Fort Meigs, which was signed September 29 of that year with several Native American tribes. Duncan McArthur ( January 14, 1772 April 29, 1839) was a Federalist and National Republican politician from Ohio The Treaty of Fort Meigs, also called the Treaty of the Foot of the Rapids, was signed September 29, 1817 between the chiefs and warriors of the Wyandot Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States

In 1820, he led an expedition to the northern part of the territory, in the northern Great Lakes region in present-day northern Minnesota, in order to map the region and discover the source of the Mississippi River. The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to The source of the river had been unknown until then, resulting in an undefined border between the United States and British North America. British North America consisted of the colonies and territories of the British Empire in continental North America after the end of the American Revolutionary The expedition erroneously identified Cass Lake as the source of the river. Cass Lake is a glacially -formed Lake, approximately 25 sq mi (65 km² in north central Minnesota in the United States. The source of the river was correctly identified in 1832 by Henry Schoolcraft, who had been Cass's expedition geologist, as nearby Lake Itasca. Henry Rowe Schoolcraft ( March 28, 1793 &ndash December 10, 1864) was an American geographer, Geologist, Lake Itasca is a small Glacial lake, approximately 18 square miles (4

Later political career

On August 1, 1831, Cass resigned as governor of the Michigan Territory to take the post of Secretary of War under President Andrew Jackson, a position he would hold until 1836. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington 's administration Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 Cass was a central figure in formulating and implementing the Indian removal policy of the Jackson administration. Indian Removal was a nineteenth century policy of the government of the United States to ethnically cleanse Native American tribes living east of the Mississippi Next, Cass was appointed ambassador to France, which he remained until 1842. An ambassador is the highest ranking Diplomat who represents their country This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

Cass represented Michigan in the United States Senate from 1845 to 1848. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives He served as chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs in the 30th Congress. The US House Committee on Armed Services, commonly known as the House Armed Services Committee, is a Standing committee of the United States House of Representatives The Thirtieth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government consisting of the United States Senate and the In 1848, he resigned from the Senate to run for President. William Orlando Butler was his running mate. William Orlando Butler ( April 19, 1791 &ndash August 6, 1880) was a U Cass was a leading supporter of the Doctrine of Popular Sovereignty, which held that the people who lived in a territory should decide whether or not to permit slavery there. Popular sovereignty or the sovereignty of the people is the belief that the legitimacy of the State is created by the will or consent of its people, who As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another His nomination caused a split in the Democratic party, leading many antislavery Democrats to join the Free Soil Party. He also supported the annexation of Texas. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State.

After losing the election to Zachary Taylor, he returned to the Senate, serving from 1849 to 1857. The United States presidential election of 1848 was an open race Zachary Taylor (November 24 1784 &ndash July 9 1850 was an American military leader and the twelfth President of the United States. He was the first non-incumbent Democratic presidential candidate to lose election. This is a list of the candidates for the offices of President of the United States and Vice President of the United States of the modern Democratic Party of the United

From 1857 to 1860, Cass served as Secretary of State under President James Buchanan. The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs James Buchanan Jr (April 23 1791 – June 1 1868 was the fifteenth President of the United States (1857–1861 He was sympathetic to American filibusterers and was instrumental in having Commodore Hiram Paulding removed from command for his landing of marines in Nicaragua and compelling the removal of William Walker to the United States. A filibuster is someone who engages in an unauthorized military expedition into a foreign country to foment or support a revolution Hiram Paulding ( December 11, 1797 – October 20, 1878) was a Rear Admiral in the United States Navy, who served from the Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America William Walker ( May 8, 1824 &ndash September 12, 1860) was an American filibuster, adventurer and Mercenary ^[2] Cass resigned on December 13, 1860, because of Buchanan's failure to protect federal interests in the South and failure to mobilize the federal military, actions that might have averted the threatened secession of Southern states. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting ^[3]

Cass died in 1866 and is buried in Elmwood Cemetery in Detroit, Michigan. Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Elmwood Cemetery, Detroit Michigan is one of Michigan's most important historic cemeteries

His great-great grandson Cass Ballenger was a U.S. Representative from North Carolina. Thomas Cass Ballenger (born December 6, 1926) is an American politician The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States

Commemoration

• A statue of Cass is one of the two that was submitted by Michigan to the National Statuary Hall collection in the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common National Statuary Hall is a chamber in the United States Capitol devoted to Sculptures of prominent Americans. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D It stands in the National Statuary Hall room. (The other statue is of Zachariah Chandler, which is in the Hall of Columns. Zachariah Chandler ( December 10, 1813 &ndash November 1, 1879) was Mayor of Detroit (1851–52 a four-term The Chandler statue will eventually be replaced by a statue of President Gerald Ford. Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President )
• The Liberty ship S.S. Lewis Cass
• List of places named for Lewis Cass

See also

• Origins of the American Civil War

Notes

References

• Lewis Cass at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Secretaries of War and Secretaries of the Army

Political offices
Preceded by William Hull	Territorial Governor of Michigan 1813 – 1831	Succeeded by George Bryan Porter
Preceded by John Henry Eaton	United States Secretary of War August 1, 1831 – October 5, 1836	Succeeded by Joel Roberts Poinsett
Preceded by David Rice Atchison	President pro tempore of the United States Senate December 4, 1854	Succeeded by Jesse D. Bright
Preceded by William L. Marcy	United States Secretary of State March 6, 1857 – December 14, 1860	Succeeded by Jeremiah S. Black
Ohio House of Representatives
New district	Representative from Washington, Gallia, Muskingum, and Athens Counties 1806–1807 Served alongside: Levi Barber, William H. The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a Biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress as William Hull ( June 24, 1753 &ndash November 29, 1825) was an American Soldier and Politician. This is a list of Governors of Michigan Territory: William Hull (1805&ndash1813 Lewis Cass (1813&ndash1831 George George Bryan Porter ( February 9 1791 - July 6 1834) was a US John Henry Eaton ( June 18, 1790 – November 17, 1856) was an American Politician and diplomat from The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington 's administration Joel Roberts Poinsett ( March 2, 1779 &ndash December 12, 1851) was a Physician, Botanist and American David Rice Atchison (August 11 1807 &ndash January 26 1886 was a mid-19th century Democratic United States Senator from Missouri. The President pro tempore of the Senate is the second-highest-ranking official of the United States Senate and the highest-ranking senator Jesse David Bright ( December 18, 1812 &ndash May 20, 1875) was a Lieutenant Governor of Indiana and U William Learned Marcy ( December 12, 1786 - July 4, 1857) was an American statesman who served as U The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Jeremiah Sullivan Black ( January 10, 1810 &ndash August 19, 1883) was an American statesman and lawyer The Ohio House of Representatives is the Lower house of the Ohio General Assembly, the state legislature of the U Washington County is a County located in the state of Ohio. As of the 2000 census, the population was 63251 Gallia County (pronunciation GAL-yuh) is a County located in the state of Ohio, United States. Muskingum County is a County located in the state of Ohio, United States. Athens County is a County located in the southeastern part of the state of Ohio, United States. Levi Barber ( October 16, 1777 – April 23, 1833) was a surveyor, court administrator Banker, and Legislator. Puthoff	Succeeded by John P. R. Bureau John Matthews James Palmer
United States Senate
Preceded by Augustus S. Porter	Senator from Michigan (Class 1) March 4, 1845 – May 29, 1848 Served alongside: William Woodbridge and Alpheus Felch	Succeeded by Thomas Fitzgerald
Preceded by Thomas Fitzgerald	Senator from Michigan (Class 1) January 20, 1849 – March 3, 1857 Served alongside: Alpheus Felch and Charles E. Stuart	Succeeded by Zachariah Chandler
Party political offices
Preceded by James K. Polk	Democratic Party presidential candidate 1848	Succeeded by Franklin Pierce
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Edward Livingston	United States Minister to France October 4, 1836 – November 12, 1842	Succeeded by William R. King

The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Augustus Seymour Porter ( January 18, 1798 – September 18, 1872) was a U Michigan was admitted to the Union on January 26, 1837. Class I William Woodbridge ( August 20, 1780 – October 20, 1861) was a U Alpheus Felch ( September 28, 1804 – June 13, 1896) was Governor and U Thomas Fitzgerald ( April 10, 1796 &ndash March 25, 1855) was an American politician who served as a judge and state legislator Thomas Fitzgerald ( April 10, 1796 &ndash March 25, 1855) was an American politician who served as a judge and state legislator Michigan was admitted to the Union on January 26, 1837. Class I Alpheus Felch ( September 28, 1804 – June 13, 1896) was Governor and U This article is about the US Representative and Senator from Michigan. Zachariah Chandler ( December 10, 1813 &ndash November 1, 1879) was Mayor of Detroit (1851–52 a four-term James Knox Polk ( November 2 1795&ndashJune 15 1849 was the eleventh President of the United States, serving from March 4 1845 to March 4 1849 This is a list of the candidates for the offices of President of the United States and Vice President of the United States of the modern Democratic Party of the United The United States presidential election of 1848 was an open race Franklin Pierce (November 23 1804 &ndash October 8 1869 was an American politician and the fourteenth President of the United States, serving from 1853 to Edward Livingston (26 May 1764&ndash23 May 1836 was a prominent American jurist and statesman The United States has sent Ambassadors to France since the American Revolution. William Rufus deVane King (April 7 1786 &ndash April 18 1853 was a U

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