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Lesbos
Λέσβος
Olympos peak rises 968 meters over Lesbos
Olympos peak rises 968 meters over Lesbos
Geography
Coordinates: 39°10′N 26°20′E / 39.167, 26.333
Island Chain: North Aegean
Total Isles: 16
Area:[1] 1,632. 819 km² (630 sq.mi.)
Highest Mountain: Lepetymnos & Olympus
(968 m (3,176 ft))
Government
Flag of Greece Greece
Periphery: North Aegean
Prefecture: Lesbos
Capital: Mytilene
Statistics
Population: 90,643 (as of 2001)
Density: 56 /km² (144 /sq. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. North Aegean is one of the thirteen Peripheries of Greece. It consists of the prefectures of Chios, Lesbos and Samos. Lesbos is one of the Prefectures of Greece. It is part of the archipelagic Periphery of the North Aegean. Mytilene ( Greek: Μυτιλήνη - Mitilíni) is the Capital City of Lesbos, a Greek Island in the Aegean Sea mi. )
Postal Code: 811 xx, 814 xx, 813 xx, 812 xx
Area Code: 225x0-x
License Code: ΜΗ, ΜΥ
Website
www.lesvos.gr

Lesbos (Greek: Λέσβος, also transliterated Lesvos) is a Greek island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The Greek Islands are a collection of over 6000 Islands and Islets that belong to Greece. Etymology In ancient times there were various explanations for the name Aegean. It has an area of 1,630 km² (630 square miles) with 320 kilometres (almost 200 miles) of coastline, making it the third largest Greek island and the largest of the numerous Greek islands scattered in the Aegean. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The coast is defined as the part of the land adjoining or near the Ocean. Administratively, it forms part of the Lesbos Prefecture. Lesbos is one of the Prefectures of Greece. It is part of the archipelagic Periphery of the North Aegean. Its population is approximately 90,000, a third of which lives in its capital, Mytilene, in the southeastern part of the island. Mytilene ( Greek: Μυτιλήνη - Mitilíni) is the Capital City of Lesbos, a Greek Island in the Aegean Sea The remaining population is distributed in small towns and villages. The largest are Kalloni, the Gera Villages, Plomari, Agiassos, Eresos and Molyvos (the ancient Mythymna). Kalloni is a municipality that lies in the west-central part of Lesbos in Greece. Lesbos (Λέσβος also transliterated Lesvos, Midilli is a Greek island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. Plomari (Πλωμάρι is the only sizable coastal settlement in the south and indeed the second largest town on Lesbos, a Greek island Agiasos (Greek Αγιάσος / Ayasos) is a small town and municipality on the Lesvos Island, in Greece. Eresos ( Greek: Ερεσός and its twin beach village Skala Eressou are located in the southwest part of the Greek island of Lesbos. Methymna is also an archaeological site in the prefecture of Chania. Mytilene was founded in the 11th century BC by the family Penthilidae, who arrived from Thessaly, and ruled the city-state until a popular revolt (590–580 BC) led by Pittacus of Mytilene ended their rule. Thessalia redirects here For the Butterfly Genus, see Thessalia (butterfly. Events and trends 599 BC — Vardhamana Mahavira, last Tirthankar of Jainism is born Events and trends 589 BC — Apries succeeds Psammetichus II as king of Egypt. Pittacus (c 640-568 BC was the son of Hyrradius and one of the Seven Sages of Greece.

The word lesbian is derived from the poems of Sappho, born in Lesbos, which contain powerful emotional content directed toward other females and have frequently been interpreted as expressing homosexual love. A lesbian is a Woman who is romantically or sexually attracted only to other women Sappho (ˈsæfoʊ in English Attic Greek el Σαπφώ sapːʰɔː Aeolic Greek el Ψάπφω) was an Ancient Greek lyric Because of this association, Lesbos and especially the town of Eresos, her birthplace, are visited frequently by lesbian tourists. Eresos ( Greek: Ερεσός and its twin beach village Skala Eressou are located in the southwest part of the Greek island of Lesbos. Gay tourism or LGBT tourism is a form of niche Tourism marketed to gay people who are open about their Sexual orientation and who wish to travel [2]

Located off the coast of Anatolia, it is considered by geographers to be in Europe, Asia or both. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black

Contents

Geography

Satellite photo of Lesbos (1995).
Satellite photo of Lesbos (1995). This article is about artificial satellites For natural satellites also known as moons see Natural satellite. Photography (fә'tɒgrәfi or fә'tɑːgrәfi (from Greek φωτο and γραφία is the process and Art of recording pictures by means of capturing

The island is mountainous with two large peaks, "Mt. Lepetymnos" (968 m (3,176 ft)) and "Mt. Olympus" (968 m (3,176 ft)), dominating its northern and central sections. The island’s volcanic origin is manifested in several hot springs. Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the A hot spring is a spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermally heated Groundwater from the earth's crust.

The island is verdant, aptly named "Emerald Island", with a variety of flora that belies its size. In Botany, flora ( Plural: floras or florae has two meanings The first meaning flora of an area or of time period, refers to all Eleven million olive trees cover 40% of the island together with other fruit trees. The Olive ( Olea europaea) is a Species of small Tree in the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern A fruit tree is a Tree bearing Fruit &mdash the structures formed by the ripened ovary of a Flower containing one or more Seeds. Forests of mediterranean pines, chestnut trees and some oaks occupy 20%, and the remainder is scrub, grassland or urban. A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria This article is about the tree For other uses of the term "pine" see Pine (disambiguation. The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin Scrubland is a Plant community characterized by scrub Vegetation. Grasslands (also called greenswards) are areas where the Vegetation is dominated by Grasses ( Poaceae) and other Herbaceous (non-woody In the western part of the island is the world’s second largest petrified forest of Sequoia. Sequoia sempervirens is the sole living Species of the Genus Sequoia in the cypress family Cupressaceae (formerly

Its economy is essentially agricultural. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Olive oil is the main source of income. Olive oil is a fruit oil obtained from the olive ( Olea europaea; family Oleaceae along with Lilacs Jasmine and ash trees Income, refers to consumption opportunity gained by an entity within a specified time frame which is generally expressed in monetary terms Tourism in Mytilene, encouraged by its international airport and the coastal towns of Petra, Plomari, Molyvos and Eresos, contribute substantially to the economy of the island. Mytilene ( Greek: Μυτιλήνη - Mitilíni) is the Capital City of Lesbos, a Greek Island in the Aegean Sea Petra (from "petra" rock in Greek; Arabic: البتراء Al-Batrāʾ) is an archaeological site in the Arabah Plomari (Πλωμάρι is the only sizable coastal settlement in the south and indeed the second largest town on Lesbos, a Greek island Methymna is also an archaeological site in the prefecture of Chania. Eresos ( Greek: Ερεσός and its twin beach village Skala Eressou are located in the southwest part of the Greek island of Lesbos. Fishing and the manufacture of soap and ouzo, the Greek national liqueur, are the remaining sources of income. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale SOAP (see below for name and origins is a protocol for exchanging XML -based messages over Computer networks normally using Ouzo (ούζο is an Anise -flavored Liqueur that is widely consumed in Greece. A liqueur is a sweet Alcoholic beverage, often flavored with Fruits, Herbs Spices Flowers Seeds Roots Plants

Climate

The climate is mild Mediterranean. A Mediterranean climate is one that resembles the Climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, which includes over half of the area with this climate type world-wide The mean annual temperature is 18 °C (64 °F)), and the mean annual rainfall is 750 mm (30 in). Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature Rain is Liquid precipitation. On Earth it is the condensation of atmospheric Water vapor into drops heavy enough to fall often making it to Its exceptional sunshine makes it one of the sunniest islands in the Aegean Sea. Sunlight, in the broad sense is the total spectrum of the Electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun. Snow and very low temperatures are rare.

Petrified Forest of Lesbos

Main article: Petrified forest of Lesbos

Lesbos contains one of the few known petrified forests and has been declared a Protected Natural Monument. The petrified forest of Lesbos is the largest of two major petrified forests in the world (the other being Arizona 's Petrified Forest National Park) Petrified Forest may refer to Lake Macquarie Petrified Forest, Lake Macquarie New South Wales Australia Petrified Forest (California Fossilized plants have been found in many localities on the western part of the island. The fossilised forest formed during the Late Oligocene to Lower–Middle Miocene, by the intense volcanic activity in the area. The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene period and extends from about 33 The Miocene is a geological epoch of the Neogene period and extends from about 23 Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the Neogene volcanic rocks dominate the central and western part of the island, comprising andesites, dacites and rhyolites, ingnibrite, pyroclastics, tuffs and volcanic ash. Volcanic rock is an Igneous rock of volcanic origin Texture Volcanic rocks are usually fine-grained or Aphanitic to glassy in For the extinct cephalopod genus see Andesites. Andesite (ˈændəsaɪt is an igneous, Volcanic rock, of intermediate Dacite ( deɪsaɪt) is an igneous, volcanic rock with a high iron content This page is about a volcanic rock For the ghost town see Rhyolite Nevada, and for the satellite system see Rhyolite/Aquacade. Pyroclastic rocks or pyroclastics (derived from the Greek πῦρ, meaning fire and κλαστός, meaning broken are Clastic rocks Tuff (from the Italian "tufo" is a type of rock consisting of consolidated volcanic ash ejected from vents during a volcanic eruption Volcanic ash consists of small Tephra, which are bits of pulverized rock and glass created by volcanic eruptions less than in diameter The products of the volcanic activity covered the vegetation of the area and the fossilisation process took place during favourable conditions. Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region it refers to the Ground cover provided by plants FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for Telecommunications programs under the DOS Operating system. The fossilized plants are silicified remnants of a sub-tropical forest that existed on the north-west part of the island 20-15 million years ago. The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of

History

View from a hill in Mithymna (2006).
View from a hill in Mithymna (2006). Methymna is also an archaeological site in the prefecture of Chania.
A statue in Madrid of Cybele, the great mother goddess, in her chariot that was drawn by lions to guide the sun in its daily path across the sky.
A statue in Madrid of Cybele, the great mother goddess, in her chariot that was drawn by lions to guide the sun in its daily path across the sky. Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. Originally a Hittite and Phrygian Goddess, Cybele (Κυβέλη was a deification of the Earth Mother and was worshipped in
View of Kalloni Bay.
View of Kalloni Bay.

According to Classical Greek mythology, Lesbos was the patron god of the island. The word mythology (from the Greek grc μυθολογία mythología, meaning "a story-telling a legendary lore" God, as a male Deity, contrasts with female deities or " goddesses " Macar was reputedly the first king whose many "daughters" bequeathed their names to some of the present larger towns. Macar (Μάκαρ or Macareus (Μακαρεύς is the name of several individuals in Greek mythology. In Classical myth his "sister", Canace, was killed to have him made king. In Greek mythology, Canace ( Greek: Κανάκη was a daughter of Aeolus and Enarete, and lover of Poseidon. The place names with female origins are likely to be much earlier settlements named after local goddesses, who were replaced by gods. Homer refers to the island as "Macaros edos", the seat of Macar. Hittite records from the Late Bronze Age name the island Lazpas and must have considered its population significant enough to allow the residents to "borrow their gods" (presumably idols) to cure their king when the local gods were not forthcoming. The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family and established The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for It is believed that emigrants from mainland Greece, mainly from Thessaly, entered the island in the Late Bronze Age and bequeathed it with the Aeolic dialect of the Greek language, whose written form survives in the poems of Sappho, amongst others. Thessalia redirects here For the Butterfly Genus, see Thessalia (butterfly. The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for Sappho (ˈsæfoʊ in English Attic Greek el Σαπφώ sapːʰɔː Aeolic Greek el Ψάπφω) was an Ancient Greek lyric

The abundant gray pottery ware found on the island and the worship of Cybele, the great mother-goddess of Anatolia, suggest the cultural continuity of the population from Neolithic times. Pottery is the Ceramic ware made by potters It also refers to a group of materials that includes Earthenware, Stoneware Originally a Hittite and Phrygian Goddess, Cybele (Κυβέλη was a deification of the Earth Mother and was worshipped in Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos When the Persian king Cyrus defeated Croesus (546 BC) the Ionic Greek cities of Anatolia and the adjacent islands became Persian subjects and remained such until the Persians were defeated by the Greeks at the Battle of Salamis (480 BC). This article refers to the historical King of Lydia For the opera by Reinhard Keiser, see Croesus (opera. Events and trends 546 BC — Croesus, Lydian king, is defeated by Cyrus of Persia near the River Halys The Battle of Salamis ( Ancient Greek:) was a decisive naval battle between the Greek City-states and Persia in September 480 BC in the Events By place Greece May — King Xerxes I of Persia marches from Sardis and onto Thrace The island was governed by an oligarchy in archaic times, followed by quasi-democracy in classical times. For a short period it was member of the Athenian confederacy, its apostasy from which is described in a stirring chapter of Thucydides's history of the Peloponnesian War. In Hellenistic times, the island belonged to various Macedonian kingdoms until 79 BC when it passed into Roman hands. Year 79 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Lucius Cornelius Sulla renounces his dictatorship

View of coast looking east from Vatera Beach on the Greek island of Lesbos
View of coast looking east from Vatera Beach on the Greek island of Lesbos

During the Middle Ages it belonged to the Byzantine Empire. In 803, the Byzantine Empress Irene was exiled to Lesbos, forced to spin to support herself, and died there. Irene Serantapechaina, known as Irene of Athens or Irene the Athenian ( Greek: Ειρήνη η Αθηναία Eirēnē) (c In 1355, it was granted to the Genoese Gateluzi for economic and political reasons. The island was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1462 and was known under the Turkish name of Midilli. It remained under Turkish rule until 1912 when it was ceded to Greece. The cities of Mytilene and Mithymna have been bishoprics since the 5th century.

Important archaeological sites on the island are the Neolithic cave of Kagiani, probably a refuge for shepherds, the Neolithic settlement of Chalakies, and the extensive habitation of Thermi (3000–1000 BC). The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos The 30th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 3000 BC to 2901 BC The largest habitation is found in Lisvori (2800–1900 BC) part of which is submerged in shallow coastal waters. The 28th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2800 BC to 2701 BC The 19th century BC was the century which lasted from 1900 BC to 1801 BC There are also several archaic, classical Greek and Roman remains. Vitruvius called the ancient city of Mytilene "magnificent and of good taste". Remnants of its medieval history are three impressive castles.

Lesbos is the birthplace of several famous persons. In archaic times, Arion developed the type of poem called dithyramb, the progenitor of tragedy, Terpander invented the seven note musical scale for the lyre, followed by the lyric poet Alcaeus, and the most famous poetess Sappho. Arion was a legendary Kitharode in Ancient Greece, a Dionysiac Poet credited with inventing the Dithyramb. The dithyramb was originally an ancient Greek hymn sung to the god Dionysus. Terpander (Greek Τέρπανδρος of Antissa in Lesbos, was a Greek Poet and Citharode who lived about the first half of the 7th century Sappho (ˈsæfoʊ in English Attic Greek el Σαπφώ sapːʰɔː Aeolic Greek el Ψάπφω) was an Ancient Greek lyric Phanias wrote history. The seminal artistic creativity of those times brings to mind the myth of Orpheus to whom Apollo gave a lyre and the Muses taught to play and sing. Orpheus ( Greek: Ὀρφεύς ˈɔrfiəs ( OHR-fee-uhs) or /ˈɔrfjuːs/ ( OHR'-fews) in English is a figure from Greek mythology born in The lyre is a stringed musical instrument well known for its use in Classical Antiquity and later In Greek mythology, the Muses ( Ancient Greek, hai moũsai: perhaps from the Proto-Indo-European root * men- "think" are When Orpheus incurred the wrath of the god Dionysus he was dismembered by the Maenads and of his body parts his head and his lyre found their way to Lesbos where they have "remained" ever since. Pittacus was one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Pittacus (c 640-568 BC was the son of Hyrradius and one of the Seven Sages of Greece. The Seven Sages (of Greece or Seven Wise Men (Greek οἱ ἑπτά σοφοί hoi hepta sophoi c In classical times Hellanicus advanced historiography, Theophrastus, the father of botany, succeeded Aristotle as the head of the Lyceum. Theophrastus ( Greek:; 371 – c 287 BC a Greek native of Eressos in Lesbos, was the successor of Aristotle in the Peripatetic Aristotle (Greek Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC was a Greek philosopher a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. Aristotle and Epicurus lived there for some time, and it is there that Aristotle began systematic zoological investigations. In later times lived Theophanes, the historian of Pompey's campaigns, Longus wrote the famous novel Daphnis and Chloe, and much later the historian Doukas wrote the history of the early Ottoman Turks. Theophanes may refer to St Theophanes, the name of several saints including Theophan the Recluse (Russian 19th century Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, commonly known as Pompey /'pɑmpi/ Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir ( Classical Latin abbreviation Daphnis and Chloe (Δαφνιν και Χλοην Daphnin kai Chloēn) is the only known work of the 2nd century AD Greek Novelist The Ottoman Turks were the subdivision of the Ottoman Muslim Millet that dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. In modern times the poet Odysseus Elytis, descendant of an old family of Lesbos received the Nobel Prize. Odysseas Elytis (Οδυσσέας Ελύτης (November 2 1911—March 18 1996 is a legendary Greek poet,regarded as one of the most important representatives The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature

12 historic churches on the island were listed together on the 2008 World Monuments Fund's Watch List of the 100 Most Endangered Sites in the world. The World Monuments Fund (WMF is a New York -based private Non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation of historic Architecture and Exposure to the elements, outmoded conservation methods, and increased tourism are all threats to the structures. It is hoped that increased attention to their declining states will aid in their preservation.

Municipalities

The island of Lesbos contains 13[3] of the 17 municipalities and 1 community that comprise Lesbos Prefecture. Lesbos is one of the Prefectures of Greece. It is part of the archipelagic Periphery of the North Aegean. The Lesbos municipalities have a total population of 90,643 inhabitants, or over 83 percent of the prefecture's population, according to the 2001 census. Their combined land area, including uninhabited offshore islets, is 1,632. 819 km² (630. 435 sq mi), or about 75. 8% of the prefecture's land area. (The balance of the prefecture's population resides on the islands of Lemnos, in four municipalities, and Saint Eustratius, in one community. Lemnos (Λήμνος is an island in the northern part of the Aegean Sea. Agios Efstratios or Saint Eustratius ( Greek: Άγιος Ευστράτιος is a small Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea about 30 )

Notable people from Lesbos

See also

References

  1. ^ Basic Characteristics. Assos (Greek Άσσος is a small historically rich town in Behramkale, Turkey. Lesbos is one of the Prefectures of Greece. It is part of the archipelagic Periphery of the North Aegean. The Greek Islands are a collection of over 6000 Islands and Islets that belong to Greece. This is a list of Greek place names. That is a list of the names of places as they exist in the Greek language. The University of the Aegean (Πανεπιστήμιο Αιγαίου is a multi-campus University based in Mytilene, Greece. Yakup Ağa, (Ebu Yusuf Nurullah Yakub was the father of the Barbarossa Brothers Oruç and Hızır. Service history In 1912 Breslau was attached to the German Mittelmeerdivision (Mediterranean Division along with the Battlecruiser Goeben Lesbian wine is Wine made from the Greek island of Lesbos in the Aegean Sea. Ministry of the Interior. www. ypes. gr. Retrieved on 2007-08-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great.
  2. ^ Carolyn, Bain; Clark, Michael; Hannigan, Des (2004). Greece. Lonely Planet, 568-570. Lonely Planet Publications (usually known as Lonely Planet or LP) is one of the largest travel Guidebook publishers in the world ISBN 1740594703.  
  3. ^ Lesbos prefecture. Greek Ministry of the Interior. www. ypes. gr.

External links

Petrified Forest of Lesvos

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