| Leopold I | |
| King of the Belgians | |
Painting by Sir Thomas Lawrence |
|
| Reign | 21 July 1831 – 10 December 1865 (34 years) |
|---|---|
| Born | 16 December 1790 |
| Birthplace | Coburg, Bavaria |
| Died | 10 December 1865 (aged 74) |
| Place of death | Laeken/Laken, Belgium |
| Predecessor | first king |
| Successor | Leopold II |
| Consort | i) Charlotte of Wales ii) Louise-Marie of France |
| Issue | Prince Louis-Philippe Leopold II Prince Philippe Empress Carlota of Mexico |
| Royal House | Wettin (Saxe-Coburg-Gotha line) |
| Father | Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld |
| Mother | Countess Augusta Reuss |
Leopold I (Leopold George Christian Frederick of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, later of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) (16 December 1790 in Coburg – 10 December 1865 in Laeken/Laken) was from 21 July 1831 the first King of the Belgians. Sir Thomas Lawrence RA ( April 13, 1769 &ndash January 7, 1830) was a notable English painter, mostly of portraits Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Coburg is a district in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise the districts of Kronach, Lichtenfels, Bamberg Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Laken ( Dutch) or Laeken ( French) is a residential suburb in north-west Brussels ( Postal code: B-1020 Belgium. Laken ( Dutch) or Laeken ( French) is a residential suburb in north-west Brussels ( Postal code: B-1020 Belgium. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Leopold II (Léopold Louis Philippe Marie Victor Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor (9 April 1835 – 17 December 1909 was King of the Belgians. Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales (7 January 1796 &ndash 6 November 1817 was the only child of the ill-fated marriage between George IV (at the time Prince of Wales Titles His Royal Highness Prince Louis-Philippe Crown Prince of Belgium Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Duke of Saxony (1833-1834 Leopold II (Léopold Louis Philippe Marie Victor Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor (9 April 1835 – 17 December 1909 was King of the Belgians. Prince Philippe Count of Flanders, Prince of Belgium ( Philippe Eugène Ferdinand Marie Clément Baudouin Léopold Georges (French or Filips Eugeen Ferdinand Marie Clemens Charlotte of Belgium ( Princess Marie Charlotte Amélie Augustine Victoire Clémentine Léopoldine of Belgium) ( 7 June, 1840 &ndash 19 January Saxe-Coburg and Gotha or Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha served as the name of the two German duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Gotha in Franz Frederick Anton Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (b Coburg, July 15 1750 - d The Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld was one of the Saxon Duchies held by the Ernestine line of the Wettin Dynasty Saxe-Coburg and Gotha or Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha served as the name of the two German duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Gotha in Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Coburg is a town located on the Itz River in Bavaria, Germany Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Laken ( Dutch) or Laeken ( French) is a residential suburb in north-west Brussels ( Postal code: B-1020 Belgium. Laken ( Dutch) or Laeken ( French) is a residential suburb in north-west Brussels ( Postal code: B-1020 Belgium. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Monarchy in Belgium is Constitutional and popular in nature The hereditary Monarch He was the founder of the Belgian line of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Saxe-Coburg and Gotha or Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha served as the name of the two German duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Gotha in His children included Leopold II of Belgium and Empress Carlota of Mexico. Leopold II (Léopold Louis Philippe Marie Victor Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor (9 April 1835 – 17 December 1909 was King of the Belgians. Charlotte of Belgium ( Princess Marie Charlotte Amélie Augustine Victoire Clémentine Léopoldine of Belgium) ( 7 June, 1840 &ndash 19 January
Contents |
He was the youngest son of Franz Frederick Anton, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Countess Augusta Reuss-Ebersdorf, and later became a prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha after the territorial swap by his father of Ehrenburg Castle in the Bavarian town of Coburg. Franz Frederick Anton Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (b Coburg, July 15 1750 - d Saxe-Coburg and Gotha or Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha served as the name of the two German duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Gotha in Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Coburg is a district in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise the districts of Kronach, Lichtenfels, Bamberg He was also an uncle of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. List of current queens regnant A queen regnant (plural "queens regnant" is qualifying reference to a female Monarch possessing and exercising all of the monarchal Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
In 1795, as a mere child, Leopold was appointed colonel of the Izmaylovsky Imperial Regiment in Russia. Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Colonel ( RP ˈkɜnəl GA ˈkɜrnəl is a Military rank of a Commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Seven years later he became a major general. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries When Napoleonic troops occupied the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg in 1806 Leopold went to Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Napoléon offered him the position of adjutant, but he refused. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Instead he took up a military career in the Imperial Russian cavalry. He campaigned against Napoléon, and distinguished himself at the Battle of Kulm at the head of his cuirassier division. The Battle of Kulm was a Battle near the town Kulm (Chlumec and the village Přestanov in northern Bohemia. Cuirassiers were mounted Cavalry Soldiers equipped with Armour and Firearms first appearing in late 15th-century Europe. In 1815, Leopold reached the rank of lieutenant general in the Imperial Russian Army. Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the The Military history of Imperial Russia encompasses the period of warfare in which Russian Empire ground, naval and air forces participated from its creation
In Carlton House on 2 May 1816, he married Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales, the only legitimate child of the British Prince Regent (later King George IV of the United Kingdom) and therefore heiress to the British throne, and was created a British field-marshal and Knight of the Garter. Carlton House was a Mansion in London, best known as the town residence of the Prince Regent for several decades Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Year 1816 ( MDCCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales (7 January 1796 &ndash 6 November 1817 was the only child of the ill-fated marriage between George IV (at the time Prince of Wales Please see " Field Marshal " for other countries which use this rank Field Marshal is the highest military rank of the United Kingdom The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients On 5 November 1817, Princess Charlotte was delivered of a stillborn son; she herself died the following day. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) Year 1817 ( MDCCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Had she lived, she would have become Queen of the United Kingdom on the death of her father, and Leopold presumably would have been her consort, and never chosen King of the Belgians. Despite Charlotte's death, the Prince Regent granted Prince Leopold the British style of Royal Highness by Order-in-Council on 6 April 1818[1]. An Order-in-Council is a type of legislation in Commonwealth Realms. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common In honor of his first wife, Leopold and Louise-Marie of France, his second wife, named their first daughter Charlotte, who would later become Empress Carlota of Mexico. Charlotte of Belgium ( Princess Marie Charlotte Amélie Augustine Victoire Clémentine Léopoldine of Belgium) ( 7 June, 1840 &ndash 19 January
On 2 July 1829, Leopold participated in nuptials of doubtful validity (a private marriage-contract with no religious or public ceremony) with the actress Caroline Bauer, created Countess of Montgomery, a cousin of his advisor, Christian Friedrich Freiherr von Stockmar. Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Caroline Bauer (Karoline Philippine Auguste Bauer March 29 1807 in Heidelberg Germany &ndash October 18 1878 in Kilchberg Zurich Switzerland) was as Christian Friedrich Freiherr von Stockmar ( 22 August 1787 &ndash 9 July 1863) was an Anglo-Belgian statesman who was a leading player in the The 'marriage' reportedly ended in 1831 and the following year he married Louise-Marie. Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a
| Styles of King Leopold I of the Belgians |
|
| Reference style | His Majesty |
| Spoken style | Your Majesty |
| Alternative style | Sire |
After Belgium asserted its independence from the Netherlands on 4 October 1830, the Belgian National Congress, considered several candidates and eventually asked Leopold to become king of the newly formed country. A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the Majesty is an English word derived ultimately from the Latin Maiestas, meaning Greatness. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display The Belgian National Congress was a temporary legislative assembly in 1830 established shortly after the Provisional Government of Belgium had proclaimed Belgian He accepted and became "King of the Belgians" on 26 June 1831. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a He swore allegiance to the constitution in front of the Saint Jacob's Church at Coudenbergh Place in Brussels on 21 July 1831. Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a This day became the Belgian national holiday. Jules Van Praet would become his personal secretary. Jules Van Praet ( 2 July 1806 &ndash 29 December 1887) was a Belgian diplomat and personal secretary of King Leopold I of Belgium
Less than two weeks later, on 2 August, the Netherlands invaded Belgium. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Skirmishes continued for eight years, but in 1839 the two countries signed the Treaty of London establishing Belgium's independence. Year 1839 ( MDCCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Treaty of London, also called the First Treaty of London or the Convention of 1839, was a Treaty signed on 19 April 1839 between The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those
With the opening of the railway line between Brussels and Mechelen on 5 May 1835, one of King Leopold's fondest hopes—to build the first railway in continental Europe—became a reality. Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is Mechelen ( Mechlin in English is a Dutch-speaking city and municipality in the province of Antwerp, Flanders, Belgium. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common
In 1840, Leopold arranged the marriage of his niece, Queen Victoria, the daughter of his sister, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, to his nephew, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, son of his brother, Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland See Princess Victoria for other Saxe-Coburg princesses named Victoria Ernest I Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, formerly Ernest III Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (Ernst Anton Karl Ludwig Herzog von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (b Even before she succeeded to the throne, Leopold had been advising the then-Princess Victoria by letter, and after her accession, he was one of the great influences on her in the early days of her monarchy.
In 1842, Leopold tried unsuccessfully to pass laws to regulate female and child labor. Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Child labor is the employment of Children at regular and sustained labour A wave of revolutions passed over Europe after the deposition of King Louis-Philippe from the French throne in 1848. Louis Philippe ( 6 October 1773 &ndash 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Belgium remained neutral, mainly because of Leopold's diplomatic efforts. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those
On 11 October 1850, Leopold again lost a young wife, as Queen Louise-Marie died of tuberculosis at age 38. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link At 11:45 am on 10 December 1865, the king died in Laken. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Laken ( Dutch) or Laeken ( French) is a residential suburb in north-west Brussels ( Postal code: B-1020 Belgium. He lies buried in the Royal vault at the Church of Our Lady, Laken Cemetery, Brussels, Belgium. Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those
| Leopold I of Belgium | Father: Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld |
Paternal Grandfather: Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld |
Paternal Great-grandfather: Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld |
| Paternal Great-grandmother: Anna Sophie, Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt |
|||
| Paternal Grandmother: Sophia Antonia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |
Paternal Great-grandfather: Ferdinand Albert II of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |
||
| Paternal Great-grandmother: Antoinetta Amelia of Wolfenbüttel-Blackenburg |
|||
| Mother: Augusta Reuss-Ebersdorf |
Maternal Grandfather: Count Heinrich XXIV Reuss of Ebersdorf and Lobenstein |
Maternal Great-grandfather: Heinrich XXIII Reuss of Ebersdorf and Lobenstein |
|
| Maternal Great-grandmother: Sophie Theodora of Castell-Remlingen |
|||
| Maternal Grandmother: Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg |
Maternal Great-grandfather: Georg August of Erbach-Schönberg |
||
| Maternal Great-grandmother: Ferdinande Henriette of Stolberg-Gedern |
Descent before Conrad the Great is taken from [1] and may be inaccurate. Franz Frederick Anton Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (b Coburg, July 15 1750 - d Ernest Frederick Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld ( Saalfeld, 8 March 1724 - Coburg, 8 September 1800) was a duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld Franz Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (b Saalfeld, 25 September 1697 d Anna Sophie Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt ( 9 September 1700 &mdash 11 December 1780) was a princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Sofie Antonie of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel ( 3 January 1724, Wolfenbüttel - 17 March 1802) was the tenth of 17 children of Ferdinand Ferdinand Albert (German Ferdinand Albrecht; 29 May 1680 &ndash 2 September 1735, Salzdahlum) Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg Heinrich XXIV Count of Reuss-Ebersdorf (b Ebersdorf, 22 January 1724 &ndash d
House of Wettin
|
Leopold I of Belgium
Cadet branch of the House of Wettin
Born: 16 December 1790 Died: 10 December 1865 |
||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| New title | King of the Belgians 1831 – 1865 |
Succeeded by Leopold II |