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See also Leone Leoni (composer), (c. 1560 - 1627).
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Prado.
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Prado. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was PRADO is a component-based and event-driven Web application framework for PHP 5

Leone Leoni (1509 — 22 July 1590) was an Italian sculptor of international outlook who travelled in Italy, Germany, Austria, France, the Spanish Netherlands and Spain. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Leoni is regarded as the finest of the Cinquecento medallists. A medal is usually a Coin -like sculpted object of metal or other material that has been engraved with an Insignia, Portrait or other artistic rendering [1] He made his reputation in commissions he received from the Habsburg monarchs Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Philip II of Spain. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 His usual medium was bronze, although he also worked in marble, alabaster, carved gemstones and probably left some finished work in wax (in which many of his sculptures were modelled), as well as designing coins. Bronze is the most popular metal for cast metal Sculptures; a cast bronze sculpture is often called simply a "bronze" He mainly produced portraits, and was repeatedly used by the Spanish, and also the Austrian, Habsburgs.

Contents

Biography

His family origins were at Arezzo,[2] though he was probably born at Menaggio near Lake Como, and his early training, to judge from the finish of his medals, was with a medallist or goldsmith, as Vasari says. Arezzo ( Latin Arretium) is a city in central Italy, capital of the province of the same name, located in Menaggio is a town and Comune in the Province of Como, Lombardy, Italy, located on the western shore of Lake Como Lake Como ( Lago di Como in Italian, also known as Lario; Lach de Comm in Insubric; Latin: Larius Lacus) is a Giorgio Vasari ( 30 July 1511 – 27 June 1574) was an Italian painter and Architect, who is today famous [3] His earliest documentation finds him at Venice after 1533, with his wife and infant son, living under the protection of his Aretine compatriot (and possible kinsman), Pietro Aretino, who introduced him to the circle of Titian. Pietro Aretino ( April 20, 1492 – October 21, 1556) was an Italian Author, Playwright, Poet and Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c 1485 &ndash August 27 1576 better known as Titian, was the leading painter of the 16th-century Venetian [4] Taking advantage of his rival Benvenuto Cellini being in prison at the time, he secured the role of designer for the Papal mint in Ferrara 1538-40, but was forced to withdraw under accusations of counterfeiting levelled by Pellegrino di Leuti, the jeweller of the Farnese Pope Paul III; Leoni attacked Pellegrino and was condemned to lose his right hand, commuted after the intercession of powerful friends to slavery in the galleys, from which the entreaties of Andrea Doria released him after a year: Leoni produced three plaquettes and five medals of Andrea Doria as tokens of his gratitude. Benvenuto Cellini The Papal Mint is the pope's institute for the production of hard cash. Ferrara is a city in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital city of the Province of Ferrara. A counterfeit is an imitation that is made usually with the intent to deceptively represent its content or origins For the town in Italy with the same name see Farnese (VT. The Farnese family was an influential family in Renaissance Italy. Pope Paul III ( February 29, 1468 &ndash November 10, 1549) born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman A galley (from Greek γαλέα - galea is an ancient Ship which can be propelled entirely by human oarsmen, used for Warfare Andrea Doria or D'Oria ( 30 November 1466 &ndash 25 November 1560) was a Genoese ''condottiere'' and Admiral Andrea Doria or D'Oria ( 30 November 1466 &ndash 25 November 1560) was a Genoese ''condottiere'' and Admiral [5][6]

The Casa degli Omenoni Leoni designed for himself, from Serviliano's Descrizione di Milano, 1738].
The Casa degli Omenoni Leoni designed for himself, from Serviliano's Descrizione di Milano, 1738].

Once freed from the galleys, he "continued his alternation of criminal violence and exquisite workmanship"[7] moving to Milan to take up an Imperial appointment as master of the mint there, from 20 February 1542, at 150 ducats a year and the gift of a house in the Moroni district of Milan. Leoni's house in Milan, rebuilt 1565-67, was immediately called the Casa degli Omenoni for its heroically-scaled herm figures and bearded atlantes, a rarity in Milan at the time; it is indicative of his social success. For the piano piece by Iannis Xenakis see Herma (Xenakis. In ancient Greece, before his role as protector of merchants and travelers In the European architectural tradition an atlas (also known as a atlant, or atlantid; plural atlantes) is a support sculpted in the form of The figures were carved by Antonio Abondio, doubtless following Leoni's models. Antonio Abondio (1538 - 1591 was an Italian sculptor best known as a medallist and as the pioneer of the coloured wax Relief Portrait miniature. Here he entertained Giorgio Vasari, who noted Leoni's large collection of plaster casts after the Antique, dominated by a stucco of the equestrian Marcus Aurelius from the Campidoglio in his courtyard. Giorgio Vasari ( 30 July 1511 – 27 June 1574) was an Italian painter and Architect, who is today famous The Capitoline Hill, between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the seven hills of Rome. [8] His early protector in Milan, with whom he was on familiar terms, was the Imperial Governor, Ferrante Gonzaga. Ferrante I Gonzaga (Italian Ferdinando I 28 January 1507 - 15 November 1557) was an Italian Condottiero, a member of He lived in Milan thereafter, despite calls from his patrons to base himself, or at least present himself, at court, claiming that only there could he obtain the proper materials for his work - a notable contrast with Giambologna who was never allowed to leave Florence by his Grand-duke, as he bitterly complained, for fear the Habsburgs would ensnare him. Giambologna, born as Jean Boulogne, also known as Giovanni Da Bologna and Giovanni Bologna ( 1529 - August 13 1608) was Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany [9] Among other later violent incidents, he was supposed to have attempted to murder Titian's son, who was staying with him in Milan. [10]

He had made an early reputation for portrait medallions, before his major commissions from Charles V, whose image for posterity lies in his portraits by Titian and Leoni. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c 1485 &ndash August 27 1576 better known as Titian, was the leading painter of the 16th-century Venetian Leoni was the guest of Charles in Brussels in 1549, and the first of the portraits from life dates from this time; however, Leoni had made a portrait medallion of Charles in 1536. In Brussels the Emperor installed Leoni in an apartment below his own and delighted in his company, spending hours watching him at work, Vasari recalled. He knighted Leoni on 2 November 1549.

For the cathedral of Milan, Leone executed the five bronze figures for the monument of the condottiero Gian Giacomo Medici, brother of Pope Pius IV, in a marble architectural setting that Vasari attributed to a drawing by Michelangelo. Milan Cathedral (Italian Duomo di Milano; Milanese: Domm de Milan) is the Cathedral Condottieri (singular condottiero, rarely condottiero) were Mercenary leaders employed by the Italian City-states from the Late Middle Gian Giacomo Medici (c 1495 &ndash 8 November 1555) was an Italian Condottiero, Duke of Marignano and Marquess of Musso Pope Pius IV ( March 31, 1499 &ndash December 9, 1565) born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was Pope from 1559 to 1565 Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni Two biographies were published of him during his lifetime One of them by Giorgio Vasari, proposed that he was the pinnacle of all

On a commission from Cardinal Granvelle (1516-86), Bishop of Arras, Archbishop of Malines, Viceroy of Naples, and the leading Habsburg minister, Leone cast life-sized half-figures in richly framed ovals, of Charles, Philip and the Cardinal, described by Vasari. Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle ( August 20 1517 - September 21 1586) was a French statesman made a cardinal, who followed Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the [11] Granvelle was often used to correspond with Leoni about Habsburg commissions (which usually overran their promised delivery dates), who he may have known from his youth in as a student in Padua.

A marble portrait of Giovan Battista Castaldo, at the Church of San Bartolomeo, Nocera Inferiore — a commission mentioned by Vasari who thought it was bronze and did not know to which monastery it had been sent — was included in the exhibition Tiziano e il ritratto di corte, Museo di Capodimonte, Naples, 2006. Nocera Inferiore, formerly Nocera dei Pagani, is a town and comune in Campania, Italy in the Province of Salerno, at the foot of Monte Albino 20 km The Palace and Museum of Capodimonte is a grand Bourbon Palazzo in Naples, Italy, formerly the summer residence of the kings [12]

Leoni's memorial in Milan Cathedral for Gian Giacomo Medici (died 1555).
Leoni's memorial in Milan Cathedral for Gian Giacomo Medici (died 1555). Milan Cathedral (Italian Duomo di Milano; Milanese: Domm de Milan) is the Cathedral Gian Giacomo Medici (c 1495 &ndash 8 November 1555) was an Italian Condottiero, Duke of Marignano and Marquess of Musso

Leoni's commissions for royal portraiture in Spain were an extension of his Habsburg patronage. On his return from Spain, where he executed the series of royal portraits, he brought a purse of 2000 scudi, according to Vasari. The scudo (pl scudi) was the name for a number of Coins used in Italy until the 19th century He pioneered what became a common Baroque format for a portrait bust; mounted on a pedestal, and truncated at mid-chest, or the bottom of the stomach (often defined by an armoured breast-plate), sweeping up at the sides to just below the shoulders. Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc He also made life-size full-length portrait bronzes, like that of Charles V, which were not intended as funerary effigies, as nearly all previous examples had been.

Leoni was assisted in the monumental bronzes destined for the Escorial by his son Pompeo Leoni (c. El Escorial is one of the Spanish royal sites and functions as a monastery royal palace museum and school 1533–1608), who continued the large bronze-casting foundry after his father's death, in a style that is not securely separated from that of his father. Among the assistants to Pompeo was Adriaen de Vries. Adriaen de Vries ( The Hague c 1556 - Prague 1626 was a Late Mannerist sculptor born in the Netherlands whose international style crossed the

Leoni's name remained among the few recognizable landmarks in 16th century sculpture and consequently attracted many attributions during the nineteenth century. [13]

George Sand's Leone Leoni is not based on the sculptor's career. Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin, later Baroness (French baronne) Dudevant ( July 1, 1804 &ndash June 8, 1876

Some representative attributed works

References

Notes

  1. ^ A typical passing reference to Leoni's reputation was made by James J. Rorimer in The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 26. James J Rorimer (1905&ndash1966 was an American museum curator and the former director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. 4 (April 1931), p 88
  2. ^ Leoni liked to sign his medals, sometimes in Greek, as an Aretine; the marble monument to Gian Giacomo Medici di Marignano bears the bronze legend under the soffit LEO·ARRETIN·EQUES·F. Gian Giacomo Medici (c 1495 &ndash 8 November 1555) was an Italian Condottiero, Duke of Marignano and Marquess of Musso
  3. ^ Vasari, le vite...: "Lione Lioni Aretino"
  4. ^ Trevor-Roper, Hugh; Princes and Artists, Patronage and Ideology at Four Habsburg Courts 1517-1633, Thames & Hudson, London, 1976, p30
  5. ^ Trevor-Roper op cit p30
  6. ^ British Museum: Cast bronze medal of Andrea Doria; see also Louvre and National Gallery of Art, Washington;plaquette now in the British Museum
  7. ^ Trevor-Roper, op cit p. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France This article is about the National Gallery of the United States for other National Galleries see National Gallery. 31
  8. ^ Mezzatesta, Michael P. (October 1985). "The Façade of Leone Leoni's House in Milan, the Casa degli Omenoni: The Artist and the Public". The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 44 (3): pp. 233–249. doi:10.2307/990074. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  .
  9. ^ Trevor-Roper, op cit p. 31, & 90-91
  10. ^ Trevor-Roper op. cit. p 30,
  11. ^ . . . alcuni pezzi di bronzo in forma ovale di braccia due l'uno, con ricchi partimenti e mezze statue dentrovi; in uno è Carlo Quinto, in un altro il re Filippo, e nel terzo esso cardinale, ritratti di naturale: e tutte hanno imbasamenti di figurette graziosissime.
  12. ^ On-line website
  13. ^ E. Plon, Leone Leoni, sculpteur de Charles-Quint et Pompeo Leoni, sculpteur de Philippe II (Paris 1883) was singled out as particularly filled with unwarranted attributions by Ulrich Middeldorf, "On some portrait busts attributed to Leone Leoni" The Burlington Magazine 117 No. 863 (February 1975), pp. 84-89, 91.
  14. ^ Nine medals of several of these figures from the Louvre
  15. ^ Leone's medallion of Michelangelo was mentioned by Vasari: "When Pius V became pope, he showed Michael Angelo much favour, and employed him in many works, particularly in making the design of a monument for the Marquis Marignano, his brother. Pope Gian Giacomo Medici (c 1495 &ndash 8 November 1555) was an Italian Condottiero, Duke of Marignano and Marquess of Musso The work was entrusted by his Holiness to Lione Lioni, a great friend of Michael Angelo's, and about the same time Lione pourtrayed Michael Angelo on a medallion, putting at his wish on the reverse a blind man led by a dog, with the words, "Docebo iniquos vias tuas, et impii ad te convertentur," and because the thing pleased him much, Michael Angelo gave him a model in wax of Hercules and Antaeus. There are only two painted portraits of Michael Angelo, the one by Bugiardini and the other by Jacopo del Conte, besides one in bronze by Daniello Ricciarelli, and this one of Lione's, of which there have been so many copies made that I have seen a great number in Italy and elsewhere. Giuliano Bugiardini ( January 29, 1475 - February 17, 1577) was an Italian painter of the late- Renaissance period known as Jacopino del Conte ( 1510 &mdash 1598) was an eminent Italian Mannerist painter active in both Rome and Florence. Daniele Ricciarelli (c 1509 - April 4 1566) better known as Daniele da Volterra, was an Italian mannerist painter "[1]
  16. ^ Museo del Prado: Charles V Dominating Fury; the armor is removable, showing Charles V equally well as a heroic nude, a tour de force that delighted Vasari: quella poi con due gusci sottilissimi vestì d'una molto gentile armatura, che se gli lieva e veste facilmente, e con tanta grazia che chi la vede vestita non s'accorge e non può quasi credere ch'ella sia ignuda, e quando è nuda niuno crederebbe agevolmente ch'ella potesse così bene armarsi già mai. (Vasari).
  17. ^ picture
  18. ^ The Royal Collection: Leoni: Ha fatto Lione al duca d'Alva la testa di lui, quella di Carlo Quinto e quella del re Filippo. (Vasari). Vasari notes another bust of Alva, for Gonzaga at Sabbioneta.
  19. ^ Metropolitan
  20. ^ Metropolitan

External links

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