Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Leopold Charles Maurice Stennett Amery CH, PC (22 November 1873 – 16 September 1955), usually known as Leo Amery or L. The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order. Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) S. Amery, was a British Conservative Party politician and journalist, noted for his interest in military preparedness, India and the British Empire. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power.

Contents

Early life and character

Leopold Amery was born in Gorakhpur, India to an English father and a Hungarian Jewish mother. Gorakhpur ( Hindi: गोरखपुर Urdu: گۋڙکھ پور is a city in the eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India, near India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ His mother, who was the sister of the orientalist Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner had come to India from England, where her parents had settled and converted to Protestantism. Oriental studies is the academic field of study that embraces Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures languages peoples history and archaeology in recent Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner, or Gottlieb William Leitner MAPhDLL Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Amery's father, Charles F. Amery, of Middle Coombe, Lustleigh, Devon, an officer of the Indian Forest Department, deserted the family when the children were young, and their mother made great sacrifices to educate her two sons. Lustleigh is a small village nestled in the Wrey Valley, inside the Dartmoor National Park in Devon, England. Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name

Leo Amery was educated at Harrow, where he was a contemporary of Winston Churchill. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 Their two lives were destined to interconnect repeatedly. There is a noted story of Churchill pushing the year-older Amery into the school swimming pool. Churchill made amends later, but the two were never close. Amery was multidimensional like Churchill, was just as intelligent and in his own way as great or greater a visionary. But he lacked Churchill's glamour, his oratorical ability and his brilliance as a writer. Amery was competent, hard working, honourable, honest and able, but had a tendency to become a bore on certain topics. He never built a core of supporters or a broad following. Nevertheless he was a great success in life, rising from difficult circumstances to become an outstanding student, a successful journalist and author, a great administrator, a successful businessman and an effective cabinet minister. Few people bear comparison to Winston Churchill.

Time Magazine, in its January 3, 1927 edition, described him thus:

"Even Mr. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Amery's pugnacity and physical courage have not succeeded in making him a popular character. At one of his meetings, when someone called him a liar, he promptly leapt from the platform and knocked him down. . . "

"His public form is . . . hard, arid, vitriolic. "

"Ïf I were to name the most influential member of the Government, I should name the most dour, the most drab, the least popularly attractive figure in cabinet. "

"The form his fanaticism takes is Imperialism. "

"No lip service from him to that nonsence about the League of Nations. "

Amery gained a First at Balliol College, Oxford. Balliol College (ˈbeɪlɪəl founded in 1263 is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. He was elected a fellow of All Souls College. All Souls College (in full The Warden and College of the Souls of all Faithful People deceased in the University of Oxford) is one of the constituent colleges Undoubtedly bright, he could speak Hindi at the age of three and could converse in French, German, Italian, Bulgarian, Turkish, Serbian and Hungarian.

Journalism, starting a political career and his first two wars

During the Second Boer War Amery was a correspondent for The Times. See also First Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The Second Boer War ( Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. His articles in that paper in 1901 on the reform of the army in southern Africa which attacked British General Sir Redvers Henry Buller contributed to Buller's sacking. General Sir Redvers Henry Buller VC GCB GCMG ( 7 December 1839 &ndash 2 June 1908) was a British Amery later edited the Times History of the South African War. He was a member of the Coefficients dining club of social reformers set up in 1902 by the Fabian campaigners Sidney and Beatrice Webb. The Coefficients was a Dining club founded in 1902 at a dinner given by the Fabian campaigners Sidney and Beatrice Webb. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The Fabian Society is a British Intellectual Socialist movement whose purpose is to advance the principles of Social democracy via Gradualist Sidney James Webb 1st Baron Passfield PC ( 13 July, 1859 &ndash 13 October, 1947) was a British socialist economist and reformer This article is about the socialist politician For the children's author see Beatrix Potter.

In 1911, he was elected as a Liberal Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham South. The Liberal Unionists were a British political party that split away from the Liberals in 1886 and had effectively merged with the Conservatives by the A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Birmingham South was a parliamentary constituency in Birmingham which returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the One reason why Amery agreed to stand there under the Liberal Unionist label (they were to fully merge with the Conservatives the following year) was that he had been a long time political admirer of Joseph Chamberlain and was an ardent supporter of Tariff Reform and imperial federation. Joseph Chamberlain ( 8 July 1836 &ndash 2 July 1914) was an influential British businessman politician and statesman The Tariff Reform League (TRL was a Pressure group formed in 1903 to protest against 'unfair' foreign Imports and to advocate Imperial Preference to protect

During the Great War his language skills led to his employment as an Intelligence Officer in the Balkans. Later as an under-secretary in Lloyd George's national government he helped draft the Balfour Declaration (1917). David Lloyd George 1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor OM, PC (17 January 1863 &ndash 26 March 1945 was a British Statesman and the only Balfour Declaration of 1917 (dated November 2 1917) was a Classified formal statement of Policy by the British government stating Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year He also encouraged Jabotinsky in the formation of the Jewish Legion of the British Army. Ze'ev Jabotinsky MBE (זאב ז'בוטינסקי Зеэв Жаботинский born Vladimir Yevgenyevich Zhabotinsky on 18 October 1880 This article is about the British Army battalions known as the Jewish Legion or Zion Mule Corps, which fought in World War I against the The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. He was First Lord of the Admiralty (1922 - 1924) under Andrew Bonar Law and Stanley Baldwin then later a very active Colonial Secretary (1924-1929). The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty were the members of the Board of Admiralty, which exercised command over the Royal Navy. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Andrew Bonar Law (16 September 1858 &ndash 30 October 1923 was a Canadian -born British Conservative Party statesman and Prime Minister. Stanley Baldwin 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, KG, PC (3 August 1867 &ndash 14 December 1947 was a British Conservative politician statesman and major The Secretary of State for the Colonies or Colonial Secretary was the British Cabinet official in charge of managing the various British Colonies.

Wilderness years

Throughout his political career, Amery was an exponent of Imperial unity, as he saw the British Empire as a force for justice and progress in the world. He strongly supported the evolution of the dominions into independent nations bound to Britain by ties of kinship, trade, defence and a common pride in the Empire. He also supported the gradual evolution of other colonies, particularly India, to the same status. In this he differed from Churchill, a free trader, who was less interested in the Empire as such, and more in Britain itself as a great power. Amery felt that Britain was too weak by itself to maintain its great power position.

Amery was very active in imperial affairs during the 1920s and 1930s. He was in charge of colonial affairs and relations with the dominions from 1924 to 1929. In the 1930s he was a member of the Empire Industries Association and a chief organizer of the huge rally celebrating the Empire at the Royal Albert Hall in 1936 marking the centenary of Joseph Chamberlain's birth. The Royal Albert Hall is an Arts venue situated in the Knightsbridge area of the City of Westminster, London, England, best known Joseph Chamberlain ( 8 July 1836 &ndash 2 July 1914) was an influential British businessman politician and statesman Amery maintained a very busy speaking schedule, with almost 200 engagements between 1936 and 1938, many of them devoted to imperial topics, especially Imperial Preference. Imperial Preference (later Commonwealth Preference) was a proposed system of reciprocally-levelled Tariffs or Free trade agreements between different

Amery was not invited to join the National Government formed in the 1930s. In the United Kingdom the term National Government is in an abstract sense used to refer to a coalition of some or all UK major political parties. He remained in Parliament, but joined the boards of several prominent corporations. This was necessary as he had no independent means and had depleted his savings during World War I and when he was a cabinet minister during the 1920s. Among his directorships were the boards of several German metal fabrication companies (representing British capital invested in the companies), of the British Southern Railway, the Gloucester Wagon Company, Marks and Spencer, the famous shipbuilding firm Cammell Laird, and the Trust and Loan of Canada. The Southern Railway (SR was a British railway company established in the 1923 Grouping. Marks & Spencer Group plc (also M&S, Marks and Sparks, and Marks) is a British Retailer with 843 stores in more than 30 Cammell Laird, one of the most famous names in British Shipbuilding during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries came about following the merger of Laird He was also chairman of the Iraq Currency Board.

In the course of his duties as a director of German metal fabrication companies, visiting factories, Amery gained a good understanding of German military potential. Hitler became alarmed at this situation and ordered a halt to non-German directors. Amery spent a lot of time in Germany during the 1930s in connection with his work. He was not allowed to send his director's fees out of the country, so he took his family on holiday in the Bavarian Alps. He had a lengthy meeting with Hitler on at least one occasion. He also met at length with the Czech leader, Benes, the Austrian leaders Dollfuss and Schuschnigg and Benito Mussolini of Italy. Beneš is a common Czech surname The feminine form is Benešová. Kurt Alois Josef Johann Schuschnigg ( December 14, 1897 - November 18, 1977) was an Austrian Politician who in 1934 succeeded the assassinated

Rearmament and appeasement

In the debates on the need for an increased effort to rearm British forces, Amery tended to focus on army affairs, with Churchill speaking more about air defence and Roger Keyes talking about naval affairs. Admiral of the Fleet Roger John Brownlow Keyes 1st Baron Keyes, Bt GCB KCVO CMG DSO RN ( 4 October Austen Chamberlain was, until his death, a member of this group as well. Sir Joseph Austen Chamberlain KG ( 16 October 1863 &ndash 17 March 1937) was a British Statesman, While there was no question that Churchill was the most prominent and effective, Amery's work was not insignificant. He was a driving force behind the creation of the Army League, a pressure group designed to keep the needs of the British Army before the public. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces.

In the 1930s, Amery, along with Winston Churchill, was a bitter critic of the appeasement of Nazi Germany, often openly attacking his own party. The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 Being a former Colonial and Dominions Secretary, he was very aware of the views of the dominions and strongly opposed giving Germany back her colonies, a proposal seriously considered by Neville Chamberlain.

On the rearmament question, Amery was consistent. He advocated a higher level of expenditure, but also a reappraisal of priorities through the creation of a top level cabinet position to develop overall defence strategy, so that the increased expenditures could be spent wisely. He thought that either he or Churchill should be given the post. When a ministry for the coordination of defence was finally created under a political lightweight, Sir Thomas Inskip, he regarded it as a joke. Thomas Walker Hobart Inskip 1st Viscount Caldecote CBE, PC, KC ( 5 March 1876 &ndash 11 October 1947 Churchill said the appointment was the most curious since Caligula made his horse a consul. Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (August 31 AD 12 &ndash January 24 AD 41 more commonly known by his nickname Caligula (kəˈlɪɡjʊlə was a Roman Emperor

When the war came, Amery was one of the few anti-appeasers who was opposed to co-operation with the Soviet Union in order to defeat Nazi Germany. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers This came from a life-long fear of Communism. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based

It is commonly believed that, when Neville Chamberlain announced his flight to Munich to the cheers of the House, Amery was one of only four members who remained seated (the others were Churchill, Anthony Eden and Harold Nicolson). Arthur Neville Chamberlain (18 March 1869 &ndash 9 November 1940 was a British Conservative Politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Robert Anthony Eden 1st Earl of Avon, KG, MC, PC (12 June 1897 &ndash 14 January 1977 was a British Conservative Politician Sir Harold George Nicolson KCVO CMG ( November 21 1886 &ndash May 1 1968) was an English Diplomat There is, however, some debate as to whether Amery did in fact remain seated, or whether he just appeared to because he was so short!

Amery differed from Churchill in hoping throughout the 1930s to foster an alliance with Italy to counter the rising strength of Nazi Germany. A united front of Britain, France and Italy would, he felt, have prevented a Nazi takeover of Austria, especially if supported by Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. For this reason he was in favour of appeasing Italy, by tacitly conceding her claims to Ethiopia. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page A start in this direction was made in the so-called Stresa Front of 1935, but the move by Britain to impose economic sanctions on Italy, after the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1936, drove Italy, he felt, into the arms of Germany. The Stresa Front was an agreement made in Stresa, a town on the banks of Lake Maggiore in Italy between French foreign minister Pierre Laval, British NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page

Another feature of Amery's outlook was a significant distrust of the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. This stemmed from the thrust of the American Secretary of State, Cordell Hull, to use all his influence to pressure Canada to oppose Empire Free Trade, perhaps Amery's most cherished project. Secretary of State is a commonly used title for a Government Official. Cordell Hull ( October 2, 1871 &ndash July 23, 1955) was an American politician from the U While the pressure was unsuccessful with Canadian Conservative prime minister, Richard Bedford Bennett, his Liberal successor, William Lyon Mackenzie King, adopted a more pro-American stance. The Conservative Party of Canada has gone by a variety of names over the years since Canadian Confederation. Richard Bedford Bennett 1st Viscount Bennett PC KC ( July 3, 1870 &ndash June 26, 1947) was a Canadian The Liberal Party of Canada ( Parti libéral du Canada) colloquially known as the Grits (originally " Clear Grits " is a major Canadian political William Lyon Mackenzie King PC OM CMG ( December 17, 1874 – July 22, 1950) was a Canadian

Amery is famous for two moments of high drama in the House of Commons early in World War II. On 2 September 1939, Neville Chamberlain spoke in a Commons debate and said (in effect) that he was not declaring war on Germany immediately for having invaded Poland. Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Arthur Neville Chamberlain (18 March 1869 &ndash 9 November 1940 was a British Conservative Politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland This greatly angered Amery and was felt by many present to be out of touch with the temper of the British people. As Labour Party leader Clement Attlee was absent, Arthur Greenwood stood up in his place and announced that he was speaking for Labour. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Clement Richard Attlee 1st Earl Attlee, KG, OM, CH, PC ( 3 January 1883 &ndash 8 October 1967 For the US congressional representative from Indiana see Arthur H Amery called out to him across the floor, 'Speak for England Arthur!' -- which carried the undeniable implication that Chamberlain was not.

The second incident occurred during the notorious Norway Debate in 1940. The Norway Debate, sometimes called the Narvik Debate, was a famous debate in the British House of Commons that took place on May 7 and May 8 After a string of military and naval disasters were announced, Amery famously attacked Chamberlain's government, quoting Oliver Cromwell:

You have sat too long here for any good you have been doing. Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known Depart, I say, and let us have done with you. In the name of God, go![1]

This debate led to 42 Conservative MPs voting against Chamberlain and 36 abstaining, leading to the downfall of the Conservative government and the formation of a national government under Churchill's premiership. Amery himself noted in his diary that he believed that his speech was one of his best received in the House, and that he had made a difference to the outcome of the debate.

India Secretary

During World War II he was Secretary of State for India, despite the fact that the fate of India had been a keen issue of dispute between Churchill and Amery for many years. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The office of Secretary of State for India or India Secretary was created in 1858 when Company rule in India ended and India was brought under direct British rule Amery was disappointed not to be given a post in the War Cabinet, but he was determined to do all he could in the position he was offered. He was continually frustrated by Churchill's intransigence, and in his memoirs records that Churchill knew "as much of the Indian problem as George III did of the American colonies. "

Retirement from politics

At the 1945 general election, he lost his seat to Labour's Percy Shurmer, a Post Office worker. Results |} Total votes cast 24073025 All parties shown Conservative total includes Ulster Unionists Reason for Labour victory The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Percy Lionel Edward Shurmer ( 1888 - 29 May 1959) was a British Labour politician and postal worker He was offered but refused a peerage because this might, when he died, have cut short his son Julian's political career in the House of Commons. The Peerage is a system of Titles of Nobility in the United Kingdom, part of the British honours system. Harold Julian Amery Baron Amery of Lustleigh PC ( 27 March 1919 – 3 September 1996) was a prominent British politician The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords However, he was made a Companion of Honour. The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order. In retirement, Amery published his three volume autobiography, My Political Life (1953-5).

Personal life

Leo Amery was a noted outdoorsman, especially famous as a mountaineer. He continued to climb well into his sixties, especially in the Swiss Alps, but also in Bavaria, Austria, Yugoslavia and Italy as well as in the Canadian Rockies where Mt. The Swiss Alps (Schweizer Alpen Alpes suisses Alpi svizzere Alps svizras are the central portion of the Alps Mountain range that lies within Amery is named after him. He enjoyed skiing as well. He was a member of the Alpine Club (serving as its President, 1943–1945) and also of the Athenaeum and Carlton clubs. The Alpine Club was founded in London in 1857 and was probably the world's first mountaineering club. The Athenaeum Club is a Gentlemen's club standing at 107 Pall Mall, London, England, at the corner of Waterloo Place. The Carlton Club is a gentlemen's club in London. It was founded in 1832 by Tory Peers, MPs and Gentlemen, as a place He was a Senior Knight Vice President of the Knights of The Round Table Club. The Honourable Society of Knights of the Round Table is a British society which exists to perpetuate the name and fame of King Arthur and the ideals for which he stood [2]

Leo Amery's elder son, John Amery (1912–1945), had a troubled early life. John Amery ( 14 March, 1912 Chelsea, London &ndash 19 December, 1945) was an English Fascist Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar During the second world war he made pro-Nazi broadcasts from Berlin and attempted to recruit British prisoners of war to serve in uniform under the Nazis on the Eastern Front. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. After the war he was tried and hanged for treason. In Law, treason is the Crime that covers some of the more serious acts of disloyalty to one's sovereign or Nation. Leo Amery amended his entry in Who's Who to read "one s[on]". Who's Who (2007 edition ISBN 978-0-7136-7527-6 is an annual British publication of biographies which vary in length (typically a single paragraph or [3] The playwright Ronald Harwood, who explores the relationship between Leo and John Amery in his play An English Tragedy (2008), considers it significant to John Amery's story that Leo Amery had apparently concealed his partly Jewish ancestry. Ronald Harwood CBE, (born 9 November 1934 in Cape Town, South Africa) is an author Playwright and Screenwriter

Amery's younger son, Julian Amery (1919–1996), became a Conservative politician and served in the cabinets of Harold Macmillan and Edward Heath. Harold Julian Amery Baron Amery of Lustleigh PC ( 27 March 1919 – 3 September 1996) was a prominent British politician Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) (Maurice Harold Macmillan 1st Earl of Stockton, OM, PC (10 February 1894 &ndash 29 December 1986 was a British Conservative Politician Sir Edward Richard George Heath, KG, MBE (9 July 1916 &ndash 17 July 2005 often known as Ted Heath, was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

Footnotes

  1. ^ Nicolson, p. 77.
  2. ^ (1927) Manual of the Knights of the Round Table Club.  
  3. ^ AMERY, Rt Hon. Leopold Stennett at Who Was Who 1997-2006 online (accessed 11 January 2008)

References

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
Viscount Morpeth		 Member of Parliament for Birmingham South
1911–1918		 Succeeded by
(constituency abolished)
Preceded by
(new constituency)		 Member of Parliament for Birmingham Sparkbrook
1918–1945		 Succeeded by
Percy Shurmer
Political offices
Preceded by
William Hewins		 Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies
1919–1921		 Succeeded by
Edward Wood
Preceded by
The Lord Lee of Fareham		 First Lord of the Admiralty
1922–1924		 Succeeded by
The Viscount Chelmsford
Preceded by
James Henry Thomas		 Colonial Secretary
1924–1929		 Succeeded by
The Lord Passfield
Preceded by
—		 Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
1925–1929
Preceded by
The Marquess of Zetland		 Secretary of State for India and Burma
1940–1945		 Succeeded by
The Lord Pethick-Lawrence

The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories Charles James Stanley Howard 10th Earl of Carlisle, DL ( 8 March 1867 - 20 January 1912) known as Viscount Morpeth from A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Birmingham South was a parliamentary constituency in Birmingham which returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the The United Kingdom general election of 1918 was the first to be held after the Representation of the People Act 1918, which meant it was the first United Kingdom A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Birmingham Sparkbrook was a parliamentary constituency centred on the Sparkbrook district of Birmingham. The United Kingdom general election of 1918 was the first to be held after the Representation of the People Act 1918, which meant it was the first United Kingdom Results |} Total votes cast 24073025 All parties shown Conservative total includes Ulster Unionists Reason for Labour victory Percy Lionel Edward Shurmer ( 1888 - 29 May 1959) was a British Labour politician and postal worker William Alfred Samuel Hewins ( 11 May 1865 – 17 November 1931) was a British economist and Conservative politician The Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies was a junior Ministerial post in the United Kingdom government subordinate to the Secretary of State for the Colonies and from Edward Frederick Lindley Wood 1st Earl of Halifax, KG, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC ( 16 April 1881 &ndash Arthur Hamilton Lee 1st Viscount Lee of Fareham, GCB, GBE, GCSI (1868 &ndash 1947 was a British soldier diplomat politician and administrator The Admiralty was formerly the authority in the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy. Frederic John Napier Thesiger 1st Viscount Chelmsford, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, GBE, PC (12 August 1868 - 1 April 1933 was a British James ('Jimmy' Henry Thomas, ( October 3, 1874 - January 21, 1949) was a British trade unionist and Labour The Secretary of State for the Colonies or Colonial Secretary was the British Cabinet official in charge of managing the various British Colonies. Sidney James Webb 1st Baron Passfield PC ( 13 July, 1859 &ndash 13 October, 1947) was a British socialist economist and reformer The position of Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs was a British cabinet level position created in 1925 to deal with British relations with the Dominions &mdash Canada, Laurence John Lumley Dundas 2nd Marquess of Zetland KG GCSI GCIE PC ( 11 June 1876 - 6 February 1971 The office of Secretary of State for India or India Secretary was created in 1858 when Company rule in India ended and India was brought under direct British rule Frederick William Pethick-Lawrence 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence, PC ( 28 December 1871 &ndash 10 September 1961) was a British
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic