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Leonard Joseph Tristano (19 March 1919 - 18 November 1978) was a jazz pianist and composer. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States A pianist (/'piənɪst/ is a Musician who plays the Piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces play with an ensemble or Orchestra A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance He performed in the Cool jazz, bebop, post bop and Avant-garde jazz genres. Cool jazz is a Jazz style that emerged in the late 1940s in New York City. Bebop or bop is a form of Jazz characterized by fast Tempos and Improvisation based on Harmonic structure rather than Melody Post-bop is a term for a form of small-combo Jazz music that evolved in the early-to-mid sixties Avant-garde jazz (also known as avant-jazz) is a style of music and Improvisation that combines Avant-garde Art music and composition with He remains a somewhat overlooked figure in jazz history, but his enormous originality and dazzling work as an improviser have long been appreciated by knowledgable jazz fans; in addition, his work as a jazz educator meant that he has exerted a substantial indirect influence on jazz, through figures such as Lee Konitz and Bill Evans. Lee Konitz (b October 13, 1927) is an American Jazz Composer and alto saxophonist born in Chicago Illinois William John Evans (better known as Bill Evans) ( August 16, 1929 &ndash September 15, 1980) was one of the most famous and influential

Contents

Life

Tristano was born in Chicago into an Italian immigrant family from Aversa. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Aversa is a town in the Campania region of southern Italy, about 15 kilometres north of Naples. He was blind from infancy and studied piano and music theory from pre-teen years, graduating from his home town's American Conservatory of Music in 1943. Blindness is the condition of lacking Visual perception due to Physiological or Neurological factors The American Conservatory of Music (ACM is a musical conservatory university once located in Chicago Illinois and now located in Hammond Indiana.

Tristano's interest in jazz inspired a move to New York City in 1946. The City of New York Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. His advanced grasp of harmony pushed his music beyond even the complexities of the contemporary bebop movement, though Tristano was always explicit about acknowledging his enormous debt to Charlie Parker and Bud Powell. In Western music, harmony is the use of different pitches simultaneously and chords actual or implied in Music. Bebop or bop is a form of Jazz characterized by fast Tempos and Improvisation based on Harmonic structure rather than Melody Earl Rudolph "Bud" Powell ( September 27[[ 924]] &ndash July 31[[ 966]] in New York City) was an American Jazz pianist, usually considered (Other key ingredients in his style were Nat King Cole and Art Tatum, influences most audible in his early drummerless trio recordings. Nathaniel Adams Coles (March 17 1919 &ndash February 15 1965 known professionally as Nat King Cole, was an American musician Arthur Tatum Jr ( October 13, 1909 – November 5, 1956) was an American Jazz Pianist and Virtuoso. ) Though he and his followers remained at something of a slant to mainstream bebop, Tristano did on occasion play and record with bebop's preeminent figures such as Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker. John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie ( October 21 1917 &ndash January 6 1993) was an American Jazz Trumpeter Often the "Tristano school" has been contrasted with bebop, however, by being labelled "cool jazz", though this risks lumping his music in with unrelated styles like the West Coast cool jazz of the 1950s.

Recordings

Among Tristano's most important earlier recordings was a 1949 sextet session with his students, saxophone players Lee Konitz and Warne Marsh. The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind Lee Konitz (b October 13, 1927) is an American Jazz Composer and alto saxophonist born in Chicago Illinois Warne Marion Marsh ( 26 October 1927 - 17 December 1987) was an American tenor saxophonist born in Los Angeles After recording a number of conventionally structured compositions, Tristano had the group record "Intuition" and "Digression. " Both pieces were completely improvised, with no prearranged melody, harmony or rhythm. In Music, a melody (from Greek μελῳδία - melōidía, "singing chanting" also tune, voice, or In Western music, harmony is the use of different pitches simultaneously and chords actual or implied in Music. Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of These two songs are often cited among the first examples of free jazz or free improvisation. For the Ornette Coleman album after which this genre was named see Free Jazz A Collective Improvisation. Free improvisation or free music is improvised music without any rules beyond the taste or inclination of the musician(s involved in many cases the musicians make

His 1953 recording Descent into the Maelstrom is especially significant: an experiment in overdubbing which in its harsh atonality anticipates the much later work of players like Cecil Taylor and Borah Bergman (who has specifically mentioned the piece as an important influence on his work). Cecil Percival Taylor (born March 15 or March 25, 1929 in New York City) is an American Pianist and poet Borah Bergman (b December 13 1933 Brooklyn) is an American Free jazz pianist

Tristano released two important albums on Atlantic Records, which remain his best-known work. Atlantic Records ( Atlantic Recording Corporation) is an American Record label best known for its many recordings of Rhythm & blues, Rock Lennie Tristano, from 1955, is famous for including innovative experiments with overdubbing ("Requiem" and "Turkish Mambo") and altered tape-speed ("Line Up" and "East 32nd"); the second side is a straightforward club gig in the company of Lee Konitz. Lennie Tristano, also known as Tristano, is a 1956 album by the Lennie Tristano Quartet, the project of blind Jazz "Requiem", a tribute to the late Charlie Parker, is particularly notable for its deep blues feeling – a style not usually associated with Tristano. The New Tristano (1962) remains a landmark in solo jazz piano; though on this occasion no overdubbing was used the music is just as densely conceived, especially the classic "G Minor Complex", an improvisation on the changes of "You'd Be So Nice to Come Home To". Tristano's mimicking of a jazz bassist's accompaniment with his left hand on these recordings is distinctive and often imitated; the combination of this line with the dazzling line-spinning of his right hand also gives the music a contrapuntal flavour explicitly paying homage to Bach. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section.2 This article is written in British English including maximised use of "-ise"

Education

By the mid-1950s, Tristano focused his energies more on music education. Music education is a field of study associated with the teaching and learning of music He can be regarded as one of the first jazz teachers to teach jazz in a structured way, beginning in the late 1940s and continuing to his death in 1978.

Influence

His innovative tutelage has inspired an eclectic group of artists: Charles Mingus, Bill Russo, Connie Crothers, Lenny Popkin, Sal Mosca, Liz Gorrill, Herbie Hancock, Lee Konitz, Warne Marsh, Sheila Jordan, Bill Evans, Billy Bauer, Fran Canisius, Betty Scott, Jeff Morton, Willie Dennis, Don Ferrara, Ronnie Ball, Peter Ind, Jimmy Halperin, Billy Lester, Alan Broadbent, Mark Turner, rock guitarist Joe Satriani, Keith Emerson, and even Franciscan priest/rapper Fr. Stan Fortuna. Charles Mingus ( 22 April 1922 &ndash 5 January 1979) was an American Jazz Bassist, Composer, William Russo better known as Bill Russo ( June 25, 1928 – January 11, 2003) was an American Jazz Musician Connie Crothers is a Jazz Pianist from Palo Alto California who was born May 2, 1941. Sal Mosca ( April 27, 1927 &ndash July 28, 2007) was an American jazz pianist who was a student of Lennie Tristano. Herbert Jeffrey Hancock ("Herbie" born April 12 1940 is a Jazz Pianist and Composer. Lee Konitz (b October 13, 1927) is an American Jazz Composer and alto saxophonist born in Chicago Illinois Warne Marion Marsh ( 26 October 1927 - 17 December 1987) was an American tenor saxophonist born in Los Angeles Sheila Jordan (born Sheila Jeanette Dawson November 18 1928 in Detroit Michigan is an American Jazz singer and songwriter William John Evans (better known as Bill Evans) ( August 16, 1929 &ndash September 15, 1980) was one of the most famous and influential Billy Bauer ( November 14 1915 &ndash June 16 2005) was an American Cool jazz Guitarist. Willie Dennis, born William DeBerardinis ( January 10, 1926 &ndash July 8, 1965) was an American Jazz Trombonist Ronald "Ronnie" Ball (December 22 1927 - 1984 was a Jazz pianist born in Birmingham England. Peter Ind (born July 20, 1928) is a British Jazz Double-bassist and record producer. Alan Broadbent, ONZM (born April 23, 1947 in Auckland New Zealand) is a jazz pianist, arranger and composer best known for his work Mark Turner may refer to Mark Turner (cognitive scientist Mark Turner (cricketer Mark Turner (footballer Joseph "Satch" Satriani (born July 15, 1956 in Westbury New York, U Keith Noel Emerson (born 2 November 1944 in Todmorden, West Yorkshire) is a British Keyboard player and composer The Reverend Stan Fortuna, CFR is a Roman Catholic priest notable for his evangelical musical contributions of various genres primarily Catholic-based Jazz

Tristano's distrust of jazz record labels and increasingly infrequent public performances meant that his recordings are comparatively scarce, and many of them are concert recordings of very variable fidelity. Some of his live performances were recorded and have been released, including performances from the Half Note Club in New York from the 1950s, and concerts in Europe from the 1960s. The Half Note was a Jazz club located at the corner of Hudson & Spring Streets in Manhattan. He was one of the first musicians to start his own record label. This label, Jazz Records, is still in existence and is run by his daughter, the drummer Carol Tristano. Jazz Records is a United States Jazz Record company specialising in the issue of previously unreleased recordings from the family archive of jazz pianist The label Inner City released a compilation of various Tristano recordings, Descent into the Maelstrom.

A book by bassist Peter Ind, Jazz Visions: Lennie Tristano and His Legacy, was released in October 2005. The book documents and discusses Tristano's contributions to jazz music.

External links

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