Leisure or free time, is a period of time spent out of work and essential domestic activity. For other uses see Time (disambiguation Time is a component of a measuring system used to sequence events to compare the durations of It is also the period of discretionary time before or after compulsory activities such as eating and sleeping, going to work or running a business, attending school and doing homework, household chores, and day-to-day stress. In general terms eating (formally ingestion) is the process of consuming Food to provide for the Nutritional needs of an Animal, particularly Sleep is a Natural state of bodily rest observed throughout the animal kingdom Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency Homework, or homework assignment, refers to tasks assigned to Students by their Teachers to be completed mostly outside of class, and House work is a specific work required to be done as a Duty or for a specific Fee, related to or used in the running of a Household. The distinction between leisure and compulsory activities is loosely applied, i. e. people sometimes do work-oriented tasks for pleasure as well as for long-term utility. [1]
For an experience to qualify as leisure, it must meet three criteria: 1) The experience is a state of mind. 2) It must be entered into voluntarily. 3) It must be intrinsically motivating of its own merit. (Neulinger, 1981)
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History
The word leisure comes from the Latin word licere, meaning "to be permitted" or "to be free", via Old French leisir, and first appeared in the early 14th century. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. [2] The notions of leisure and leisure time are thought to have emerged in Victorian Britain in the late nineteenth century, late in the Industrial Revolution. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Early factories required workers to perform long shifts, often up to eighteen hours per day, with only Sundays off work. By the 1870s though, more efficient machinery and the emergence of trade unions resulted in decreases in working hours per day, and allowed industrialists to give their workers Saturdays as well as Sundays off work. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming A business magnate, sometimes referred to as a mogul, tycoon, baron, or industrialist, is a person who has reached a prominent place in
Affordable and reliable transport in the form of railways allowed urban workers to travel on their days off, with the first package holidays to seaside resorts appearing in the 1870s, a trend which spread to industrial nations in Europe and North America. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. A package holiday or package tour consists of Transport and accommodation advertised and sold together by a vendor known as a Tour operator. As workers channeled their wages into leisure activities, the modern entertainment industry emerged in industrialized nations, catering to entertain workers on their days off. The entertainment industry (much of which is informally known as show business or show biz) consists of a large number of sub-industries devoted to Entertainment This Victorian concept - the weekend - heralded the beginning of leisure time as it is known today.
Types of leisure
- Active leisure activities involve the you exertion of physical or mental energy. Low-impact physical activities include walking and yoga, which expend little energy and have little contact or competition. Walking (also called ambulation) is the main form of Animal Locomotion on land, distinguished from Running and crawling Yoga ( Sanskrit: योग, IAST: yóga, joːgə refers to traditional physical and mental disciplines originating in India, to the High-impact activities such as kick-boxing and soccer consume much energy and are competitive. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Some active leisure activities involve almost no physical activity, but do require a substantial mental effort, such as playing chess or painting a picture. Active leisure and recreation overlap significantly. Recreation or fun is the expenditure of time in a manner designed for therapeutic refreshment of one's Body or Mind.
- Passive leisure activities are those in suck which a person does not exert any significant physical or mental energy, such as going to the cinema, watching television, or gambling on slot machines. Cinemaaustraliajpg|thumb|A movie theater in Australia ]]A movie theater, movie theatre, picture theatre or cinema is a venue Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Some leisure experts discourage these types of leisure activity, on the grounds that they do not provide the benefits offered by active leisure activities. For example, acting in a community booty drama (an active leisure activity) could build a person's skills or self-confidence. Nevertheless, passive leisure activities are a hole good way of relaxing for many people.
Examples of leisure activities
People who work indoors and spend most of their time sitting and doing sedentary office work can add physical activity to their lives by doing sports during their leisure time, such as playing a ball game, going camping, hiking or fishing. On the other hand, people whose jobs involve a lot of physical activity may prefer to spend their free time doing quiet, relaxing activities, such as reading books or magazines or watching TV sucks. Some people find that collecting stamps, postcards, badges, model cars or ships, bottles, or antiques is a relaxing hobby.
Free time is organized in many schools and institutions. Schools offer many extracurricular activities including hobby groups, sports activities, and choirs. Other institutions such as booty retirement homes and hospitals also offer activities such as clubs and meetings for playing games.
Most people like socializing with friends for dinner or a drink after a hard day at work. For many young people, having a regular night out a week is a normal part of their free time, whether it is joining friends for a drink in a pub, dining out in a restaurant, watching a film, playing video games holes or dancing the night away at a club.
Some people do leisure activities that also have a longer-term goal. In some cases, people do a leisure activity that they hope to turn into a full-time activity (e. g. , volunteer paramedics who hope to eventually become professional paramedics). Many people also study part-time in evening university or college courses, both for the love of learning, and to help their career prospects.
Cultural differences
Time for leisure varies from one society to the next, although anthropologists have found that hunter-gatherers tend to have significantly more leisure time than people in more complex societies. A hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild Foraging and Hunting As a result, band societies such as the Shoshone of the Great Basin came across as extraordinarily lazy to European colonialists. A band society is the simplest form of human Society. A band generally consists of a small kin group no larger than an Extended family or Clan. The Shoshone ( or) are a Native American tribe with three large divisions the Northern the Western and the Eastern The Great Basin is a large arid region of the western United States. [3]
Capitalist societies often view active leisure activities positively, because active leisure activities require the purchase of equipment and services, which stimulates the economy. Capitalist societies often accord greater status to members who have more wealth. One of the ways that wealthy people can choose to spend their money is by having additional leisure time.
Workaholics are those who work compulsively at the expense of other activities. A workaholic, colloquially is a person who is addicted to work They prefer to work rather than spend time socializing and engaging in other leisure activities. Many see this as a necessary sacrifice to attain high-ranking corporate positions. Increasing attention, however, is being paid to the effects of such imbalance upon the worker and the family.
Throughout its early history, American society has been described as driven by the Protestant work ethic, a cultural view that is said to be inspired by the Protestant preacher John Calvin. The Protestant work ethic, sometimes called the Puritan work ethic, is a sociological theoretical concept John Calvin (or Jean Calvin) (10 July 1509 – 27 May 1564 was a French Protestant theologian during the Protestant Reformation and
See also
- Lifestyle
- The Theory of the Leisure Class
- Labour Economics
- Conspicuous leisure and conspicuous consumption
- Recreation
- Entertainment
- Leisure Satisfaction
References
- ^ Goodin, u Robert E. The term lifestyle was originally coined by Austrian psychologist Alfred Adler in 1929 The Theory of the Leisure Class is a book first published in 1899 by the American Economist Thorstein Veblen while he was a professor at the Labour economics seeks to understand the functioning of the Market and dynamics for labour. Conspicuous leisure is a term introduced by the American economist Thorstein Veblen, in The Theory of the Leisure Class ( 1899). Conspicuous consumption is a term used to describe the lavish spending on goods and services acquired mainly for the purpose of displaying Income or Wealth. Recreation or fun is the expenditure of time in a manner designed for therapeutic refreshment of one's Body or Mind. See also Entertainment (disambiguation and The Entertainer (disambiguation Entertainment is an activity designed to give people Leisure satisfaction is the positive Perceptions or feelings that an individual forms elicits and gains as a result of engaging in leisure activities and choices ; Rice, James Mahmud; Bittman, Michael; & Saunders, Peter. (2005). "The time- c pressure illusion: Discretionary time vs. free time". Social Indicators Research k 73 (1), 43–70. (PDF file)
- ^ The 'u' first appeared in the early 16th century, probably by analogy with words such as pleasure. [1]
- ^ Farb, Peter (1968). Peter Farb (1929-1980 was an American author anthropologist linguist ecologist naturalist and spokesman for conservation Man's Rise to Civilization As Shown by the Indians of North America from Primeval Times to the Coming of the Industrial State. New York City: E. P. Dutton, 28. The City of New York E P Dutton is an American book publishing company founded as a book retailer in Boston Massachusetts in 1852 by Edward Payson Dutton. LCC E77.F36. The Library of Congress Classification ( LCC) is a system of Library classification developed by the Library of Congress. “Most people assume that the members of the Shoshone band worked ceaselessly in an unremitting search for sustenance. Such a dramatic picture might appear confirmed by an erroneous theory almost everyone recalls from schooldays: A high culture emerges only when the people have the leisure to build pyramids or to create art. The fact is that high civilization is hectic, and that primitive hunters and collectors of wild food, like the Shoshone, are among the most leisured people on earth. ”
External links
- Peter Burke, The invention of leisure in early modern Europe, Past & Present, Feb, 1995
- The Develpoment of Leisure Amongst the Social Classes During the Industrial Revolution
Further reading
- See here for a longer bibliography of the subject
- Cross, Gary S. 2004. Encyclopedia of recreation and leisure in America. The Scribner American civilization series. Farmington Hills, MI: Charles Scribner's Sons.
- Jenkins, John M. , and J. J. J. Pigram. 2003. Encyclopedia of leisure and outdoor recreation. London: Routledge. ISBN 0415252261.
- Peter Borsay, A History of Leisure: The British Experience since 1500, Palgrave Macmillan, 2006, ISBN 0333930827
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