Leiden University
Universiteit Leiden
Latin: Academia Lugduno Batava
Motto:	Praesidium Libertatis (Bastion of Freedom)
Established:	1575
Type:	Public
Rector:	Paul van der Heijden
Faculty:	3,973
Students:	17,630
Location:	Leiden, the Netherlands
Website:	http://www.leiden.edu

Leiden University (Dutch: Universiteit Leiden), located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group The date of establishment or date of founding of an Institution is the date on which that institution chooses to claim as its starting point A public university is a University that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government as opposed to private universities. The word rector ("ruler" from the Latin regere and Rector meaning "Teacher" In Latin has a number of different meanings but all of them indicate an academic A faculty is a division within a University. The concept of a university with different faculties for different subjects dates back to Al-Azhar University, which had The word student is etymologically derived through Middle English from the Latin second-type conjugation Verb "studēre" "Leyden" redirects here For other uses see Leyden (disambiguation. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname "Leyden" redirects here For other uses see Leyden (disambiguation. This is a list of the oldest extant universities in the world. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands ^[1] It is a member of the Coimbra Group, the Europaeum and the League of European Research Universities. Mission The Coimbra Group is.an association of long-established European multidisciplinary universities of high international standard committed to creating special academic The Europaeum is a loose organisation of ten leading European universities. According to its Mission statement, the League of European Research Universities ( LERU) is "a group of European research-intensive universities The university was founded in 1575 by Prince William of Orange, leader of the Dutch Revolt in the Eighty Years' War. William I Prince of Orange ( April 24 1533 — July 10 1584) also widely known as William the Silent (Willem de Zwijger or simply The Dutch Revolt, Eighty Years' War or the Revolt of the Netherlands (1568—1648 was the revolt of the Seventeen Provinces in the Low Countries The Dutch Revolt, Eighty Years' War or the Revolt of the Netherlands (1568—1648 was the revolt of the Seventeen Provinces in the Low Countries The royal House of Orange and Leiden University still have a close relationship. The House of Orange-Nassau (in Dutch: Huis van Oranje-Nassau) a branch of the German House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life The Queens Juliana and Beatrix and crown-prince Willem-Alexander studied at Leiden University. Juliana (Juliana Emma Louise Marie Wilhelmina van Oranje-Nassau 30 April 1909 &ndash 20 March 2004) was Queen regnant of the Willem-Alexander Prince of Orange (in Dutch: Prins van Oranje In 2005 Queen Beatrix received a rare honorary degree from Leiden University. An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa ( Latin: 'for the sake of the honour' is an Academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding ^[2]

Today, Leiden University has nine faculties, over 50 departments and more than 150 undergraduate programmes, and it enjoys an international reputation. ^[3] It houses more than 40 national and international (research) institutes.

Contents 1 The institution 2 History 3 Education 3.1 Undergraduate programs: 3.2 Graduate Studies: 3.3 Doctorate programs: 4 Research schools and affiliated institutes 5 Alumni and other people associated with Leiden University 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

The institution

The university has no central campus; its buildings are spread over the city. Some buildings, like the Gravensteen, are very old, while buildings like Lipsius and Gorlaeus are much more modern. The university is divided into nine major faculties which offer approximately 50 undergraduate degree programs and over 100 graduate programs. In some Educational systems undergraduate education is Post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelor's degree.

Faculties
Theology	Website
Law	Website
Medicine	Website
Mathematics and Natural Sciences	Website
Arts	Website
Social and Behavioural sciences	Website
Philosophy	Website
Archaeology	Website
Creative and Performing Arts	Website

The Faculty of Creative and Performing Arts is a cooperation between Leiden University and the Royal Conservatoire and Royal Academy of Art. Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and In Science, the term natural science refers to a naturalistic approach to the study of the Universe, which is understood as obeying rules or law of The arts is a broad subdivision of Culture, composed of many expressive disciplines. Behavioural science (or Behavioral science) is a term that encompasses all the disciplines that explore the activities of and interactions among Organisms in the natural Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos The performing arts are those forms of Art which differ from the Plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artist's own Body, Face and presence The university has never had a faculty of economics, business or management, since all these decades one thought this would not fit into its tradition. Yet, in 2002 The Leiden School of Management (LUSM) ^[4] was founded, offering six professional MBA programs. The Master of Business Administration ( MBA) is a Master's degree in Business administration, which attracts people from a wide range of academic disciplines These programs were shut down in 2006, however, and the LUSM is developing other business management activities more closely related to the activities of the faculties. Currently they have a cooperation with the faculty of Mathematics with the MSc in ICT in Business. ^[5]

History

In 1575, the emerging Dutch Republic did not have any universities in its northern heartland. "United Netherlands" redirects here For the "Kingdom of the United Netherlands" see United Kingdom of the Netherlands. The only other university in the Netherlands was in southern Leuven, firmly under Spanish control. Leuven ( French: Louvain, often used in English German: Löwen) is the capital of the province of Flemish Brabant in the The scientific renaissance had begun to highlight the importance of academic study, so Prince William founded the first Dutch university in Leiden as a reward for the heroic defence of Leiden against Spanish attacks in the previous year. William I Prince of Orange ( April 24 1533 — July 10 1584) also widely known as William the Silent (Willem de Zwijger or simply Ironically, the name of Philip II of Spain, William's adversary, appears on the official foundation certificate, as he was still the de jure count of Holland. Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 Counts of Holland ruled over the county of Holland in the Low Countries between the 10th and the 16th century It is traditionally said that the citizens of Leiden were offered the choice between a university and a certain exemption from taxes, and that the citizens believed that a tax law could be rescinded, whereas the great universities of Europe had survived for many centuries. Originally located in the convent of St Barbara, the university moved to the convent of the White Nuns in 1581, a site which it still occupies, though the original building was destroyed in 1616.

The presence within half a century of the date of its foundation of such scholars as Justus Lipsius, Joseph Scaliger, Franciscus Gomarus, Hugo Grotius, Jacobus Arminius, Daniel Heinsius and Gerhard Johann Vossius, at once raised Leiden university to the highest European fame, a position which the learning and reputation of Jacobus Gronovius, Herman Boerhaave, Tiberius Hemsterhuis and David Ruhnken, among others, enabled it to maintain down to the end of the 18th century. Justus Lipsius, Joost Lips or Josse Lips ( 18 October 1547 — 23 March 1606) was a Flemish Philologist Joseph Justus Scaliger ( August 5 1540 &ndash January 21 1609) was a French religious leader and scholar known for expanding the Franciscus Gomarus ( January 30, 1563, Bruges - January 11, 1641, Groningen) was a Dutch theologian Hugo Grotius or Huig de Groot, or Hugo de Groot; ( Delft, 10 April 1583 Rostock, 28 August 1645 Jacobus Arminius, the Latinized name of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jakob Harmenszoon (also known by the Anglicized Daniel Heinsius (or Heins) ( June 9, 1580 &ndash February 25, 1655) one of the most famous scholars of the Dutch Renaissance Gerhard Johann Vossius ( Voss) ( 1577 - March 19, 1649) Dutch classical scholar and theologian, was the son of Johannes Jacobus Gronovius aka Jacob Gronow ( October 10 1645, Deventer - October 21 1716, Leiden) was a Herman Boerhaave ( Voorhout, December 31, 1668 - Leiden, September 23, 1738) was a Dutch botanist humanist Tiberius Hemsterhuis ( January 9, 1685 - April 7, 1766) Dutch Philologist and Critic, was born in Groningen David Ruhnken (1723-1798 was a scholar one of the most illustrious in the history of The Netherlands. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system

At the end of the nineteenth century, Leiden University again became one of Europe's leading universities. At the world’s first university low-temperature laboratory, professor Heike Kamerlingh Onnes achieved temperatures of only one degree above absolute zero of -273 degrees Celsius. Heike Kamerlingh Onnes ( September 21, 1853 &ndash February 21, 1926) was a Dutch Physicist. In 1908 he was also the first to succeed in liquifying helium and can be credited with the discovery of the superconductivity in metals. Helium exists in Liquid form only at very low Temperatures The Boiling point and critical point depend on the Isotope

Kamerlingh Onnes was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1913. Heike Kamerlingh Onnes ( September 21, 1853 &ndash February 21, 1926) was a Dutch Physicist. The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature Three other professors received the Nobel Prize for their research performed at Universiteit Leiden: Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman received the Nobel Prize for their pioneering work in the field of optical and electronic phenomena, and the physiologist Willem Einthoven for his invention of the string galvanometer, which among other things, enabled the development of electrocardiography. Hendrik Antoon Lorentz ( July 18, 1853 &ndash February 4, 1928) was a Dutch Physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Pieter Zeeman ( Zonnemaire, May 25, 1865 &ndash Amsterdam, October 9, 1943) (ˈzeːmɑn was a Dutch The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature Willem Einthoven ( Semarang, May 21, 1860 &ndash Leiden, September 29, 1927) was a Dutch doctor and physiologist

These Nobel prize winners, but also the physicists Albert Einstein and Paul Ehrenfest, the Arabist and Islam expert Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, the law expert Cornelis van Vollenhoven and historian Johan Huizinga, were among those who pushed the university into a place of international prominence during the 1920s and 1930s. Albert Einstein ( German: ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n; English: ˈælbɝt ˈaɪnstaɪn (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German -born theoretical Paul Ehrenfest ( January 18, 1880 – September 25, 1933) was an Austrian Physicist and Mathematician, who Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje ( 8 February 1857 - 26 June 1936) was a Dutch scholar of Oriental cultures and languages and Cornelis van Vollenhoven ( 8 May 1874, Dordrecht - 29 April 1933, Leiden) was a Dutch law professor and legal Johan Huizinga (joːhɑn hœyzɪŋxaː ( December 7, 1872 - February 1, 1945) a Dutch Historian, was one of the founders In 2005 the manuscript of Einstein on the quantum theory of the monatomic ideal gas (the Einstein-Bose condensation) was discovered in one of Leiden's libraries. Albert Einstein ( German: ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n; English: ˈælbɝt ˈaɪnstaɪn (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German -born theoretical A Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC is a State of matter of Bosons confined in an external Potential and cooled to Temperatures very near to ^[6]

At present, Leiden has a firmly established international position among the top research institutes in many fields, including the natural sciences, medicine, social and behavioural sciences, law, arts and letters. Of the twenty-eight Spinozapremie (the highest scientific award of The Netherlands), seven were granted to professors of the Universiteit Leiden. The Spinozapremie (Spinoza Prize is an annual award by the Netherlands Research Council (NWO of 1 Literary historian Frits van Oostrom was the first professor of Leiden to be granted the Spinoza award for his work on developing the NLCM centre (Dutch literature and culture in the Middle Ages) into a top research centre. Frits van Oostrom (born 1953) born in Utrecht, The Netherlands, is University Professor for the Humanities at the Utrecht University Other Spinozapremie winners are linguist Frits Kortlandt, mathematician Hendrik Lenstra and Carlo Beenakker, who works in the field of mesoscopic physics. The Spinozapremie (Spinoza Prize is an annual award by the Netherlands Research Council (NWO of 1 Hendrik Willem Lenstra Jr (born 1949 in the Netherlands) is a Dutch Mathematician. Carlo W J Beenakker (born June 9, 1960) is a professor at Leiden University and leader of the university's Mesoscopic Physics Among other leading professors are Ewine van Dishoeck, professor of astronomy at Leiden Observatory, professor of transplantation biology Els Goulmy, Frits Rosendaal, professor of clinical epidemiology, Wim Blockmans, professor of Medieval History, and Willem Adelaar, professor of Amerindian Languages. Ewine van Dishoeck (born June 13 1955, Leiden) is a Dutch Astronomer and Chemist. Leiden Observatory ( Sterrewacht Leiden in Dutch is an astronomical Observatory in the city of Leiden in The Netherlands. Els Goulmy (born 27 November 1946, The Hague) is professor of transplantation biology especially regarding Minor histocompatibility antigen, Wim Pieter Blockmans (b 1945, Antwerp Belgium) is Professor of Medieval History at Leiden University. Indigenous languages of the Americas (or Amerindian Languages are spoken by indigenous peoples from the southern tip of South America to Alaska and

The portraits of many famous professors since the earliest days hang in the university aula, one of the most memorable places, as Niebuhr called it, in the history of science. The meaning of the word professor ( Latin: professor, person who professes to be an expert in some art or science teacher of highest rank) varies Carsten Niebuhr or Karsten Niebuhr ( March 17, 1733 &ndash April 26, 1815) was a German Mathematician, The University Library, which has more than 3. Leiden University Library ( Leiden, The Netherlands) is a library founded in 1575 in Leiden, the Netherlands. 5 million books and fifty thousand journals, also has a number of special collections of western and oriental manuscripts, printed books, archives, maps, and atlases. Scholars from all over the world visit Leiden University Library. Leiden University Library ( Leiden, The Netherlands) is a library founded in 1575 in Leiden, the Netherlands. The research activities of the Scaliger Institute concentrate on the various aspects of the transmission of knowledge and ideas through texts and images from antiquity to the present day. Leiden University Library ( Leiden, The Netherlands) is a library founded in 1575 in Leiden, the Netherlands.

Among the institutions affiliated with the university are The KITLV or Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (founded in 1851), the observatory 1633; the natural history museum, with a very complete anatomical cabinet; the museum of antiquities (Museum van Oudheden), with specially valuable Egyptian and Indian departments; a museum of Dutch antiquities from the earliest times; and three ethnographical museums, of which the nucleus was Philipp Franz von Siebold's Japanese collections. Leiden Observatory ( Sterrewacht Leiden in Dutch is an astronomical Observatory in the city of Leiden in The Netherlands. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Philipp Franz Balthasar von Siebold ( February 17, 1796 in Würzburg - October 18, 1866 in Munich) was a German physician For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The anatomical and pathological laboratories of the university are modern, and the museums of geology and mineralogy have been restored. Anatomy (from the Greek anatomia, from ana separate apart from and temnein, to cut up cut open is a branch of Biology that is the consideration Pathology (from Greek grc πάθος pathos, "fate harm" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study and Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Mineralogy is an Earth Science focused around the Chemistry, Crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of Minerals

The Hortus Botanicus (botanical garden) is the oldest botanical garden in the Netherlands. The Hortus Botanicus of Leiden is the oldest Botanical garden of the Netherlands, and one of the oldest in the world Botanical gardens grow a wide variety of Plants primarily to categorize and document for scientific purposes Plants from all over the world have been carefully cultivated here by experts for more than four centuries. The Clusius garden (a reconstruction), the 18th century Orangery with its monumental tub plants, the rare collection of historical trees hundreds of years old, the Japanese Siebold Memorial Museum symbolising the historical link between East and West, the tropical greenhouses with their world class plant collections, and the central square and Conservatory exhibiting exotic plants from South Africa and southern Europe. Siebold Memorial Museum was opened in Nagasaki city in 1989 in honour of Philipp Franz von Siebold 's great contributions to the development of modern Science

Research at Leiden is well developed. There are many university research institutes and Leiden participates in over forty nation-wide research schools, twelve of which being located in the heart of Leiden.

Education

Undergraduate programs:

Most of the university's departments offer their own degree program(s). Undergraduate programs lead to either a B.A., B.Sc. or LL.B. degree. A Bachelor of Science ( BS, BSc or BSc in the UK; less commonly S The Bachelor of Laws (abbreviated LLB, LLB or rarely LlB) is an undergraduate or bachelor degree in law offered in most Common law Other degrees, such as the B.Eng. or B.F.A., are not awarded at Leiden University. Bachelor of Engineering (commonly abbreviated as BE or BEng) is an Undergraduate Academic degree awarded to a student after three to five In the USA the Bachelor of Fine Arts, usually abbreviated BFA, is the standard Undergraduate degree for students seeking a professional education in the

African Languages and Cultures[7] Archeology Arabic, Persian and Turkish Languages and Cultures [8] Art History Assyriology Astronomy Biology[9] Biomedical Sciences Bio-Pharmaceutical Sciences[10] Chemistry Chinese Languages and Cultures[11] Classics Comparative Indo-European Linguistics Computer Science Criminology Cultural Anthropology Developmental Sociology Dutch Language and Literature Dutch Studies Educational Sciences Egyptian Languages and Cultures (Egyptology)[12] English Language and Culture[13] French Language and Culture[14] German Language and Culture[15] History[16] Hebrew and Aramaic Languages and Cultures[17] Indian American Studies[18]

Indology (South and central Asia)[19] Indonesian Languages and Cultures[20] Italian Language and Culture[21] Japanese Languages and Cultures[22] Korean Languages and Cultures[23] Latin American Studies (Spanish Languages and Cultures)[24] Law (General Dutch Law track) Linguistics Life Science and Technology Literature Mathematics Medicine (6-year track) Molecular Science and Technology Near Eastern Studies New Persian Languages and Cultures (Turkish)[25] Notarial Law Philosophy Physics Political Science Public Administration Psychology Russian Studies Slavic Languages and Literatures Southeast Asia and Oceania Languages and Cultures Tax Law Theology World Religion Studies

Graduate Studies:

Students can choose from a range of graduate programs. Most of the above mentioned undergraduate programs can be continued with either a general or a specialised graduate program. Leiden University offers more than 100 graduate programs leading to either M.A., M.Sc., M.Phil., or LL.M. degree. A Master of Arts ( Latin: Magister Artium) is a Postgraduate academic Master's degree awarded by universities in a large A Master of Science ( Latin: Magister Scientiæ; abbreviated MSc, M In the usage of India, United Kingdom, United States, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong and some other countries the Master The Master of Laws is an advanced Academic degree, or research degree and is commonly abbreviated LL The M. Phil. is a special research degree and only awarded by selected departments of the university (mostly in the fields of Arts, Social Sciences, Archeology, Philosophy, and Theology). Admission to these programs are highly selective and primarily aiming at those students opting for an academic career.

Some of the notable graduate programs are

• Air and Space Law
• Bioinformatics
• Chemistry
  • Industrial Ecology Msc (track)
• DNA computing
• Drug Delivery Technology and Biopharmaceutics
• East Asian Studies
• European Law
• European Business Law
• European Union Studies
• Evolutionary and Ecological Sciences
• Functional Genomics
• History
• ICT in Business
• Public International Law
• International Relations and Diplomacy
• Islamic Studies
• Life Science and Technology
• Linguistics
• Media Technology^[26]
• Nanoscience
• Philosophy of a Specific Discipline
• Toxicology

Doctorate programs:

In addition, most departments, affiliated (research)institutes or faculties offer doctorate programs or positions, leading to the Ph.D degree. "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. Most of the Ph. D. programs offered by the university are concentrated in several research schools or institutes.

Research schools and affiliated institutes

Leiden University has more than 50 research and graduate schools and institutes. Some of them are fully affiliated with one faculty of the university, while others are interfaculty institutes or even interuniversity institutes. Most of the scholars working in the Netherlands are associated with one of these schools or institutes.

Institute
ASC	Research Centre for African Studies
CNWS	Research School of Asian, African, and American Studies
CTI	Center for Language and Identity
E. M. Meijers Institute	Research School for Legal Studies
Grotius Centre	Research Centre for International Legal Studies
GSS	Leiden Graduate School of Science
Historical Institute	Research Institute of History
Huizinga Instituut	Research Institute and Graduate School of Cultural History
IBL	Research Institute for Biology
IIAS	International Institute for Asian Studies
IOPS	Interuniversity Graduate School Psychometrics and Sociometrics
ISED	Institute for the Study of Educational and Human Development
LACDR	The Leiden Amsterdam Center for Drug Research
LCMBS	Leiden Centre for Molecular BioScience
LGSAS	Leiden Graduate School for Archeology
LIACS	Institute of Advanced Computer Science
LIBC	Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition
LIC	Leiden Institute of Chemistry
LION	Leiden Institute of Physics
LISOR	Leiden Institute for the Study of Religion
LUCL	Leiden University Centre for Linguistics
LUMI	Leiden University Mathematical Institute
Mediëvistiek	Netherlands Research School for Medieval Studies
NIG	Netherlands Institute of Government
NOVA	Netherlands Research School for Astronomy
N. Hugo Grotius or Huig de Groot, or Hugo de Groot; ( Delft, 10 April 1583 Rostock, 28 August 1645 Johan Huizinga (joːhɑn hœyzɪŋxaː ( December 7, 1872 - February 1, 1945) a Dutch Historian, was one of the founders W. Posthumus Instituut	Netherlands Research Institute and School for Economic and Social History
OIKOS	National Graduate School in Classical Studies
Onderzoekschool Kunstgeschiedenis	Dutch Postgraduate School for Art History
OSL	Netherlands Graduate School for Literary Studies
PALLAS	Research Institute of Art History and Literatures of the Western World
Polybios	Graduate School for Political Science and International Affairs
Sterrewacht Leiden	Leiden Astronomical Observatory
The Europa Institute	Research Institute for Legal Studies in the Field of European Integration
Van Vollenhoven Institute	Research Institute for Law, Governance and Development

Alumni and other people associated with Leiden University

See also

• Leiden University Library Website
• Leiden University Medical Centre Website

References

External links

• Homepage of Leiden University (in English)
• Homepage of Leiden University (in Dutch)
• English Graduate Programs
• Overview of all Bachelor's programmes at the Leiden University
• Search and compare all Master's programmes offered at Leiden University

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