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This article is for the suburb of Leichhardt. For the local government area, see the Municipality of Leichhardt. Local Government Area (abbreviated LGA) is a term used in Australia (and especially by the Australian Bureau of Statistics) to refer to areas controlled The Municipality of Leichhardt is a Local Government Area in the inner-west of Sydney, in state of New South Wales, Australia.
Leichhardt
SydneyNSW

Leichhardt Town Hall
Population:12,248 (2006 census)
Established:1846
Postcode:2040
Area:4. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Postcodes are used in Australia for the purposes of sorting and directing Mail. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 565 km² (1. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of sq mi)
Property Value:AUD 672,750[1]
Location:km (3 mi) west of Sydney CBD
LGA:Municipality of Leichhardt
State District:Balmain
Federal Division:Grayndler
Suburbs around Leichhardt:
HaberfieldLilyfieldRozelle
HaberfieldLeichhardtAnnandale
LewishamPetershamStanmore

Leichhardt is a suburb in the inner-west of Sydney in New South Wales, Australia. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The Australian dollar ( sign: $; code: AUD) is the Currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The Sydney Central business district (CBD and also referred to as the City) is the main commercial centre of Sydney, the capital of New Local Government Area (abbreviated LGA) is a term used in Australia (and especially by the Australian Bureau of Statistics) to refer to areas controlled The Municipality of Leichhardt is a Local Government Area in the inner-west of Sydney, in state of New South Wales, Australia. State Electoral District is a term used to refer to an electorate within the Lower House or Legislative Balmain is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. The Australian House of Representatives is elected from 150 single-member districts called Divisions. The Division of Grayndler is an Australian Electoral Division in inner Metropolitan Sydney, New South Wales. This is a complete listing of the suburbs and localities in the greater Sydney area in alphabetical order Haberfield is a Suburb in the inner-west of Sydney Lilyfield is a small Suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Rozelle is a Suburb in the inner west of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Haberfield is a Suburb in the inner-west of Sydney Annandale is a Suburb of Inner West Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Lewisham is a Suburb in the inner-west of Sydney, in the Petersham is a Suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, Stanmore is a Suburb in the inner-west of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. The Inner West is a general term which is used to describe the metropolitan area directly to the west of the Sydney central business district in Sydney, New South Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Leichhardt is located 5 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district (CBD) and is the administrative centre for the local government area (LGA) of the Municipality of Leichhardt. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand The Sydney Central business district (CBD and also referred to as the City) is the main commercial centre of Sydney, the capital of New The Local Government Areas of New South Wales, Australia have been subject to periodic bouts of restructuring and rationalisation by the State Government involving The Municipality of Leichhardt is a Local Government Area in the inner-west of Sydney, in state of New South Wales, Australia. The suburb is bordered by Haberfield to the west, Annandale to the east, Lilyfield to the north and Petersham, Lewisham and Stanmore to the south. Haberfield is a Suburb in the inner-west of Sydney Annandale is a Suburb of Inner West Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Lilyfield is a small Suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Petersham is a Suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, Lewisham is a Suburb in the inner-west of Sydney, in the Stanmore is a Suburb in the inner-west of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.

Leichhardt contains a mix of residential and commercial developments and is best known as Sydney’s “Little Italy”. Within a urban area there is a tendency for land uses to Aggregate. Leichhardt residents and businesses live and work next to the Sydney CBD, a global city and Australia’s most thriving business and cultural centre. A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to

Contents

History

Aboriginal culture

The history of Aboriginal people in the Leichhardt area is, without doubt, a hidden one. What we today know as Leichhardt was once the area inhabited by the Wangal band of the Dharug (Eora) language group. The Wangal people (aka Wanngal, Won-gal, Wangaaypuwan, History Archaeological evidence of human occupation of the Sydney area The Darug (also spelt Dharuk, Dharug and Daruk) are a tribe (sometimes called a nation of Indigenous Australians, who are traditional custodians The traditional owners of the inner Sydney City region of Australia are the Cadigal people one of the peoples who belong to the Eora language group The 'Eora people' was the name given to coastal Aborigines around Sydney - Eora means from this place - local Aboriginal people used this word to describe to Europeans where they came from, and in time the term became used to define Aboriginal people themselves. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 Wangal country was known as 'wanne' and it originally extended from the suburbs of Balmain and Birchgrove in the east to Silverwater and Auburn in the west. The northern boundary was the Parramatta River. Neighbouring Darug bands were the Cadigal to the east, the Wallumattagal on the northern shore of the Parramatta River and the Bediagal to the south. The Cadigal, also spelled as Gadigal, are a group of Aboriginal Australians who originally inhabited the area that they called 'Cadi' part of which later became The Parramatta River is a waterway in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The Bidjigal (also spelt Bediagal) people were a group of Indigenous Australians living to the West of Sydney How long the Wangal had lived around Leichhardt is unknown, but we do know that the Dharug were living in the Sydney area for at least 10,000 years before British Settlement in 1788. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Year 1788 ( MDCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap

European settlement

Leichhardt is named after the Prussian explorer Ludwig Leichhardt, who in the 1840s was feted for his 4,800 km (c. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Leichhardt ( October 23, 1813 - probably 1848 in Inner Australia was a Prussian explorer and naturalist The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand 3000  mi) expedition in search of an overland route from southern Queensland to Port Essington, a British settlement on the far northern coast of Australia (some 300 km to the north of the modern city of Darwin). Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent This article is about the early Australian settlement For the settlement in British Columbia, Canada, see Port Essington British Columbia He later famously vanished without trace on his attempt to cross the continent from the Darling Downs to the Swan River Colony on the Western Australia coast. The Darling Downs is a Farming region on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range in southern Queensland, Australia. Swan River Colony was a British settlement established at the Swan River on the west coast of Australia in 1829 Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. [2]

Leichhardt was proclaimed a municipality in 1871. In 1949, it was merged with the municipalities of Annandale and Balmain. Annandale is a Suburb of Inner West Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Balmain is a Suburb in the inner-west of Sydney, in In 1967, the municipal boundary was altered to include Glebe and parts of Camperdown. Glebe is an inner-city Suburb of Sydney. Glebe is located 3 Kilometres south-west the Sydney central business district and is part of the Camperdown is an inner-city Suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. In 2003, the municipal boundary was again changed, to exclude Glebe and Forest Lodge, which are now part of the City of Sydney. Glebe is an inner-city Suburb of Sydney. Glebe is located 3 Kilometres south-west the Sydney central business district and is part of the Forest Lodge is a small inner-city Suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. South Sydney redirects here This article is about the local government area [3]

Commercial Area

The main commercial area in Leichhardt is located on Norton Street, north of Parramatta Road and parallel to Balmain Road. Norton Street Sydney is located in the Suburb of Leichhardt in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Parramatta Road is the major historical east-west artery of metropolitan Sydney, Australia, connecting the Sydney with Parramatta. The Norton Street commercial area contains a mix of residential buildings, restaurants (Italian and others), cafés, eateries and individual retail outlets, including several bookstores and grocery shops. A restaurant is a retail establishment that serves prepared Food to Customers. A restaurant is a retail establishment that serves prepared Food to Customers. There are also hotels, a Palace Cinema and two of the suburb’s three shopping centres — Norton Plaza and the Italian Forum. A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors For the Brazilian footballer see Wilson da Silva Piazza For the American baseball player see Mike Piazza For the coupé car The Forum was the public space in the middle of a Roman city It had a great social importance and was often the scene of diverse activities including political discussions Commercial developments are also found along the length of Parramatta Road.

The Italian Forum, located just off Norton Street, is notable for its design which seeks to emulate the feel of a Mediterranean town piazza. Norton Street Sydney is located in the Suburb of Leichhardt in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. For the Brazilian footballer see Wilson da Silva Piazza For the American baseball player see Mike Piazza For the coupé car A pedestrian-only central courtyard featuring outdoors and indoors restaurant dining as well as Leichhardt Library is surrounded by small shops and boutiques on the level above, and all overlooked by residential apartments. For alternative meanings of the word "court" see Court (disambiguation. A library is a collection of information sources resources and services and the structure in which it is housed it is organized for use and maintained by a public body an institution A boutique, from the French word for "shop" is a small Shopping outlet especially one that specialises in elite and fashionable items such as Clothing Nearby Norton Plaza is a shopping centre anchored by a supermarket and surrounded by eateries and specialty shops. Customer divider barjpg|thumb|In supermarkets sellers periodically change prices for classes of goods in response to market conditions rather than negotiating the price of each good Specialty stores (British Speciality shops are small stores which specialize in a specific range of merchandise and related items The third shopping centre, Leichhardt Market Place (formerly Market Town), is located towards Haberfield on the main cross street of Marion Street.

Transport

Leichhardt can be accessed by several main roads including Parramatta Road, Norton Street, Balmain Road, Marion Street and Catherine Street. Parramatta Road is the major historical east-west artery of metropolitan Sydney, Australia, connecting the Sydney with Parramatta. Norton Street Sydney is located in the Suburb of Leichhardt in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The City West Link Road runs along the northern border of Leichhardt and is a major arterial road, which is part of Metroad 4 and crosses the ANZAC Bridge to the CBD. City West Link Road is a Link road in Sydney, Australia. It makes up a section of Metroad 4 between Leichhardt, Haberfield M4 East redirects here For information on the proposed extension see M4 Western Motorway Metroad 4 is a Metroad in Sydney The ANZAC Bridge or Anzac Bridge (both forms are used by the Roads and Traffic Authority) formerly known as the Glebe Island Bridge, is a large

Leichhardt is well serviced by Sydney Buses through city and cross regional services. The State Transit Authority of New South Wales (STA is an agency of the Government of New South Wales based in Sydney, Australia operating bus and Leichhardt Bus Depot is located on the corner of William and Derbyshire Street. The following list provides the bus routes in Leichhardt:

Petersham railway station is the closest CityRail train station for Leichhardt on the Inner West Line and Bankstown Line (purple line) providing access to a range of CityRail destinations. The Queen Victoria Building, or QVB, is a Victorian building in the Sydney central business district, in Australia. Strathfield railway station is a major interchange on Sydney 's CityRail network and a hub for buses serving the northern part of the inner west Parramatta Road is the major historical east-west artery of metropolitan Sydney, Australia, connecting the Sydney with Parramatta. Ashfield is a Suburb in the Sydneyferries4JPG|right|thumb| Ferries moored at Circular Quay]]Circular Quay1 Rozelle is a Suburb in the inner west of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Railway Square is an urban locality in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Haberfield is a Suburb in the inner-west of Sydney Five Dock is a Suburb in the inner-west of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Rodd Point is a small Suburb in the inner-west of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Chiswick is a Suburb in the inner-west region of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Abbotsford is a Suburb in the Inner West region of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Wynyard is an urban locality around Wynyard railway station in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The ANZAC Bridge or Anzac Bridge (both forms are used by the Roads and Traffic Authority) formerly known as the Glebe Island Bridge, is a large Forest Lodge is a small inner-city Suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Annandale is a Suburb of Inner West Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Lilyfield is a small Suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Balmain East is a small Suburb in the inner-west of Sydney Petersham is a Suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, Dulwich Hill is a residential Suburb in the Inner West of Hurlstone Park is a Suburb in the inner-west of Sydney, Canterbury is a CityRail railway station on Sydney 's Bankstown line. Coogee is a beachside Suburb in south-eastern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Petersham railway station is on the Inner West Line of the CityRail network For the Beijing subway line known as the CityRail Line see Line 13 Beijing Subway CityRail is an operating division of RailCorp The Inner West Line is a railway line located in the Inner West region of Sydney, Australia. The Bankstown Line is part of the metropolitan rail network of Sydney known as CityRail. Lilyfield light rail station is a terminus of the Metro Light Rail located close to the north-eastern border of Leichhardt. Lilyfield is a light rail stop located in the suburb of Lilyfield on the Metro Light Rail line in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia The Metro Light Rail (formerly the Sydney Light Rail) is the only currently operating Light rail network in the Australian city of Sydney

Churches

Schools

Leichhardt has a number of primary schools and one secondary school. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. Methodism is a movement within Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". The Greek Orthodox Church ( Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία Hellēnorthódoxē Ekklēsía) is formed by several autocephalous churches Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational Institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling known as Secondary education, takes

Houses

Being situated close to the city, Leichhardt is an area for great capital growth as it very central and has a lot to offer, so housing is not very cheap and is a much sought after. The architecture in Leichhardt ranges from Victorian single fronted brick homes to modern new homes and apartment blocks. The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of Architectural styles predominantly employed during the Victorian era.

Pioneers Memorial Park entrance
Pioneers Memorial Park entrance

Landmarks

The following buildings are listed on the Register of the National Estate:[4]

Parks and recreation

Culture

Hawthorne Canal Tunnel Mural
Hawthorne Canal Tunnel Mural

Leichhardt is home to many creative industry workers and is known for its colourful and inventive mural art, such as the panorama at the Renwick Lane and at the Hawthorne Canal Railway Underpass. A mural is a Painting on a wall ceiling or other large permanent surface Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual In its most general sense a panorama is any wide view of a physical space The Hawthorne Canal is a short canal that connects with Port Jackson, in Sydney, Australia. Leichhardt has access to many art and cultural organisations. Commercial galleries are found throughout the area and Boomali Gallery, the Aboriginal Arts Organisation is situated in Flood Street in Leichhardt. An art gallery or art museum is a space for the exhibition of art, usually Visual art.

The Italian community has a wealth of social and cultural organisations located in Leichhardt, and work is underway everyday to develop the Italian Forum Cultural Centre. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Co. As. It. is one of them and they provide a range of culturally and linguistically appropriate services to enhance the quality of life of the community and to promote the Italian language and culture in NSW. Linguistics is the scientific study of Language, encompassing a number of sub-fields Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic

Leichhardt is the yearly host of the Italian Festa on Norton Street where local traffic is temporarily closed on Norton and neighbouring streets transforming surroundings into a huge European style outdoor café, celebrating Leichhardt's cultural diversity with an International Food Fair, gift stalls, community expos and live entertainment throughout the day. A fair is a gathering of people to display or trade produce or other goods to parade or display animals and often to enjoy associated Carnival or Funfair entertainment Leichhardt is also known for its café culture with café’s in abundance. The oldest café in the area is Café Sport, which is located on Norton Street.

Population

Leichhardt has approximately 19,000 residents and reflects a locale next to the Sydney CBD. Norton Street Sydney is located in the Suburb of Leichhardt in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Demographics

2006 Census: Leichhardt
Leichhardt[5]Sydney[6]Australia
Population12,2484,119,19019,855,288
Median age353537
Median individual income (weekly)$751$518$466
Born in Australia63. 7%60. 4%70. 9%
Catholics33. 3%29. 1%25. 8%
Married37. 9%49. 7%49. 6%

According to the 2006 census, Leichhardt had a population of 12,248 people. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population It did not have the same level of high density housing found in its neighbours Haberfield and Annandale. Medium density housing is a term used in Australia to describe residential developments that are at higher densities than standard low-density (or 'broadhectare' Haberfield is a Suburb in the inner-west of Sydney Annandale is a Suburb of Inner West Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Approximately one third of dwellings were separate density housing houses with 22% apartments and 36% terraces, semis or townhouses. Medium density housing is a term used in Australia to describe residential developments that are at higher densities than standard low-density (or 'broadhectare' A terrace can be defined as an outdoor occupiable extension of a building above ground level Historically in the United Kingdom, Ireland and in many other countries a townhouse (or a "house in town" was a residence of a peer or member of the 63. 7% of persons usually resident in Leichhardt stated they were born in Australia. Other common responses within the area were - England 4. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland 8%, Italy 4. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest 4%, New Zealand 3. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island 1%, Greece 0. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία 7% and Ireland 0. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world 6%. English was stated as the only language spoken at home by 72. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States 6% of persons usually resident in Leichhardt. The most common languages other than English spoken at home were - Italian 7. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. 2%, Spanish 1. 7%, Greek 1. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly 6%, Cantonese 0. 9% and Portuguese 0. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. 7%. Catholicism is the primary religion in the area however, marriage in the area is lower by both Sydney and Australia standards. As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** The average age of people in the suburb was similar to the rest of Sydney (35) and a lower percentage of people owned their homes outright (22. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 4%) than those paying them off (30. 7%). Average loan repayments ($2200 per month) were much higher than the national figure ($1300). A loan is a type of Debt. This article focuses exclusively on monetary loans although in practice any material object might be lent ). [5]

Since the middle of the 20th century, Leichhardt has been a centre for the Italian community, reflected in the many Italian-owned businesses in the area. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Although it has become less distinctively Italian with the increasing gentrification of the suburb and movement of families to suburbs with larger blocks of land, its Italian character is still palpable, particularly in the popular restaurants and cafés of its main street, Norton Street. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class Main Street is the generic Street name (and often the official name of the primary retail street of a Village, Town, or small City Norton Street Sydney is located in the Suburb of Leichhardt in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Many residents moved to suburbs further away from Sydney as the city has expanded and larger housing blocks became available. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4

Leichhardt Town Hall
Leichhardt Town Hall

Politics

References

  1. ^ http://www.domain.com.au/public/suburbprofile.aspx?mode=research&suburb=Leichhardt&postcode=2040
  2. ^ The Book of Sydney Suburbs, Compiled by Frances Pollen, Angus & Robertson Publishers, 1990, Published in Australia ISBN 0-207-14495-8
  3. ^ Sands Post Office Directories 1871-1932/3
  4. ^ The Heritage of Australia, Macmillan Company, 1981, p. 2/39
  5. ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). The Australian Bureau of Statistics ( ABS) is Australia 's national statistical agency. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Leichhardt (State Suburb)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
  6. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). The Australian Bureau of Statistics ( ABS) is Australia 's national statistical agency. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Sydney (Statistical Division)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.

External links


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