This article is part of the series on: Military of ancient Rome (portal) |
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| Structural history | |||
| Roman army (unit types and ranks, legions, auxiliaries, generals) |
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| Roman navy (fleets, admirals) | |||
| Campaign history | |||
| Lists of wars and battles | |||
| Decorations and punishments | |||
| Technological history | |||
| Military engineering (castra, siege engines, arches, roads) |
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| Personal equipment | |||
| Political history | |||
| Strategy and tactics | |||
| Infantry tactics | |||
| Frontiers and fortifications (limes, Hadrian's Wall) |
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Legio VI Ferrata (Ironclad) was a Roman legion. Commonwealth English! -->The military of ancient Rome relates to the combined military forces of Ancient Rome from the founding of the city The structural history of the Roman military describes the major chronological transformations in the organization and constitution of Ancient Rome 's armed forces, The Roman army was a set of military forces employed by the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and later Roman Empire as part of the Roman military This is a list of both unit types and ranks of the Roman army from the Roman Republic to the fall of This is a list of Roman legions, including key facts about each legion primarily focusing on Principate (early Empire 30BC - 284AD legions for which there exists Auxiliaries (from Latin: auxilia = "supports" formed the standing non-citizen corps of the Roman army of the Principate (30 BC&ndash284 AD A Manius Acilius Glabrio -- Manius Acilius Glabrio (consul 191 BC -- Manius Acilius Glabrio (consul 91 -- Titus The Roman Navy ( Latin: Classis, lit "fleet" comprised the naval forces of the Roman state The Roman Navy ( Latin: Classis, lit "fleet" comprised the naval forces of the Roman state From its origin as a city-state in Italy in 9th century BC the rise as an empire covering much of Eurasia and North The following is a List of Roman wars fought by the ancient Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire, organized by date The following is a list of Roman Battles fought by the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire, and sometimes the Byzantine Empire As with most other military forces the Roman military adopted a "carrot and stick" approach to military with an extensive list of decorations for military gallantry The technology history of the Roman military covers the development of and application of technologies for use in the armies and navies of Rome from the Roman Republic to the fall The military engineering of Ancient Rome 's armed forces was of a scale and frequency far beyond that of any of its contemporaries The Latin word castra, with its singular castrum, was used by the ancient Romans to mean buildings or plots of land reserved to or constructed for use as a military Roman Siege engines were for the most part adapted from Hellenistic Siege Technology. List of ancient Roman Triumphal arches (By modern country France Carpentras Triumphal Arch The Roman Roads were essential for the growth of the Roman Empire, by enabling the Romans to move armies and trade goods and to communicate news Roman military personal equipment was produced in large numbers to established patterns and used in an established way Rome's military was always tightly keyed to its political system The strategy of the Roman Military encompasses its Grand strategy (the arrangements made by the state to implement its political goals through a selection of military goals Roman infantry tactics refers to the theoretical and historical deployment formation and maneuvers of the Roman infantry from the start of the Roman Republic to the fall Roman military borders and fortifications were part of a Grand strategy of territorial defense in the Roman Empire. A limes (or the Limes Romanus) was a Border defense or delimiting system of Ancient Rome. Hadrian's Wall ( Latin: perhaps Vallum Aelium, "the Aelian wall" is a stone and turf Fortification built by the Roman For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," Ferrata was not the only name that Legion VI was called, it was also known as Fidelas Constans, meaning Loyal and Steady. Although it is unclear when this title was given but several sources indicate that it may have been in the 1st century AD.
The symbol for Legio VI Ferrata is the bull, like all legions raised by Julius Caesar. It also carried the symbolic shewolfe with Romulus and Remus. Romulus (c 771 BC– c 717 BC and Remus (c 771 BC–c 753 BC are the traditional founders of Rome, appearing in Roman mythology
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History
Raised in Cisalpine Gaul in 58 BC by Julius Caesar, the Sixth Legion served with him during his tenure as governor and was withdrawn to Spain in 49 BC where it earned the title “Hispaniensis”. Cisalpine Gaul ( Latin: Gallia Cisalpina, meaning " Gaul on this side of the Alps " was the Roman name for a geographical area (later Year 58 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus Year 49 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus (Caesar’s Gallic Wars)
Later seeing action at Pharsalus in 48 BC, Julius Caesar took the 6th to Alexandria to settle the dispute in Egypt with Cleopatra. Farsala or Pharsala (Φάρσαλα known in Antiquity as Pharsalus, is a city in southern Thessaly, in Greece. Year 48 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Gaius Julius Caesar, Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Cleopatra VII Philopator (in Greek, Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ; January 69 BC &ndash 30 BC was a Hellenistic ruler of Egypt Alexandria was laid to siege and the 6th was almost wiped out losing almost two thirds of its entire manpower. Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια Julius Caesar eventually triumphed when reinforcements arrived. (The Alexandrian War, attributed to Caesar)
Julius Caesar took his “Veteran Sixth Legion” with him to Syria and Pontus. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Geography The Black Sea region loosely called Pontus by various scholars has a steep rocky coast with rivers that cascade through the gorges of the coastal ranges (The Alexandrian War, attributed to Caesar, 33).
“When Caesar reached Pontus he gathered all his forces together in one spot. Geography The Black Sea region loosely called Pontus by various scholars has a steep rocky coast with rivers that cascade through the gorges of the coastal ranges They were modest in number and experience of war, with the exception of the veteran Sixth Legion, which he had brought with him from Alexandria; but this had gone through such toil and danger and been so reduced in size, in part by the difficulties of the marches and voyages, and in part by the frequency of campaigning, that it contained less than a thousand men…” (The Alexandrian War, attributed to Caesar, 76)
The Legion then served in Pontus under Caesar in 48 BC and 47 BC. Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," Geography The Black Sea region loosely called Pontus by various scholars has a steep rocky coast with rivers that cascade through the gorges of the coastal ranges Year 48 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Gaius Julius Caesar, Year 47 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Quintus Fufius Calenus, This culminated in the battle of Zela (a town in Pontus) where victory was won by Legio VI. The Battle of Zela was a battle fought in 47 BC between Julius Caesar and Pharnaces II of Pontus. Geography The Black Sea region loosely called Pontus by various scholars has a steep rocky coast with rivers that cascade through the gorges of the coastal ranges
“The origin of our victory lay in the bitter and intense hand-to-hand battle joined on the right wing, where the veteran Sixth Legion was stationed”. For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," (The Alexandrian War, attributed to Caesar, 76)
“Caesar was quite overjoyed at such a victory, although he had been victorius in many battles. He had brought a major war to an astonishingly rapid end…He ordered the Sixth Legion back to Italy to receive their rewards and honors…” (The Alexandrian War, attributed to Caesar, 77)
During Caesar’s African war against Scipio, the Sixth Legion deserted en masse from Scipio to reinforce Caesar and fought under him. For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," (The African War, attributed to Caesar, 35 and 52)
The legion was disbanded in 45 BC after Munda establishing a colony at Arelate (Arles), but was re-formed by Lepidus the following year (44 BC) and given over to Marcus Antonius the year after that. For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," Year 45 BC was the year the Julian calendar went into effect According to this calendar it was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar Arles (aʁl̥ Provençal Occitan: Arles in both classical and Mistralian norms is a City in the south of France, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus was a common name for several successive generations of a family in Ancient Rome: Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 187 BC, Marcus Antonius (in Latin: M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N ( c January 14 83 BC&ndash August 1, 30 BC known in English as Mark Following the defeat of the republican generals Cassius and Brutus in successive battles at Philippi in 42 BC and the subsequent division of control between Antony and Octavian, a colony was again formed from retired veterans at Beneventum in 41 BC (this is the colony which it is believed became Legio VI Victrix) and the remainder of Legio VI Ferrata was taken by Antony to the East where it garrisoned Judea. Philippi (in Greek / Philippoi) was a city in eastern Macedonia, in northern Ancient Greece, founded by Philip II in 356 Year 42 BC was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Benevento is a town and Comune of Campania, Italy, capital of the Province of Benevento, 50 km northeast of Naples. Year 41 BC was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Legio VI Victrix (Victorious was a Roman legion founded by Octavian in 41 BC. Judea or Judæa ( Hebrew: יהודה Standard Yəhuda Tiberian Yəhûḏāh, "praised (Life in Ancient Rome, Adkins and Adkins)
Legio VI fought in the Parthian War in 36 BC. Year 36 BC was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. (Life in Ancient Rome, Adkins and Adkins)
Another Legio VI Victrix evidently saw action at Perusia in 41 BC, which presents us with a problem because the official Legio VI Ferrata was at that moment with Anthony in the East. Legio VI Victrix (Victorious was a Roman legion founded by Octavian in 41 BC. The ancient Perusia, now Perugia, first appears in history as one of the 12 confederate cities of Etruria. Year 41 BC was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. This is explained in Lawrence Keppie's excellent book The Making of the Roman Army - from Republic to Empire (pp. 134); “Octavian did not hesitate to duplicate legionary numerals already in use by Antony. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was The Roman legionary was a professional soldier of the Roman army after the Marian reforms of 107 BC. The latter had serving with him legio V Alaudae, legio VI Ferrata and legio X Equestris. Legio V Alaudae, the Larks ' sometimes known as Gallica, was levied by Julius Caesar in 52 BC from native Gauls Legio X Equestris ( Latin: "Tenth legion 'mounted'" - Equestris was the legions name not a type of unit was a Roman legion, levied Soon we find Octavian's army boasting of a legio V (the later Macedonica), legio VI (the later Victrix) and legio X (soon to be Fretensis). Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Of these, legio V and legio X, and less certainly legio VI, bore under the empire a bull-emblem which would normally indicate a foundation by Caesar; but the true Caesarian legions with these numerals (Alaudae, Ferrata and Equestris) were with Antony. For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," ”
It would seem, therefore, that Octavian had again used the veterans of Caesars Sixth Legion, this time from those left at Beneventum, to form the core of his own Sixth Legion used at Perusia. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Benevento is a town and Comune of Campania, Italy, capital of the Province of Benevento, 50 km northeast of Naples. The ancient Perusia, now Perugia, first appears in history as one of the 12 confederate cities of Etruria.
Both Legio VI’s (Ferrata and Victrix) fought at the Battle of Actium, after this event the legio VI Ferrata was dispatched back to Judea and the next time we hear of the legio VI Victrix was in Spain. The Battle of Actium was the decisive engagement in the Final War of the Roman Republic between the forces of Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony Legio VI Victrix (Victorious was a Roman legion founded by Octavian in 41 BC. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
Legio VI Ferrata was severely mauled at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC by the forces loyal to Caesar's nephew and heir, Octavian. The Battle of Actium was the decisive engagement in the Final War of the Roman Republic between the forces of Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony Year 31 BC was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Following the Battle of Actium, another colony of veterans seems to have been created at Byllis, probably together with soldiers from other legions, and the remainder of VI Ferrata was moved to Syria/Judea where it was to remain. The Battle of Actium was the decisive engagement in the Final War of the Roman Republic between the forces of Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony Byllis (Ancient Greek Βύλλις or Βουλλίς) was at first an Illyrian settlement of the Bylliones For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Judea or Judæa ( Hebrew: יהודה Standard Yəhuda Tiberian Yəhûḏāh, "praised
From 9 BC to 73 AD the VI Ferrata was garrisoned the area of Judea. Year 9 BC was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 73 was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Judea or Judæa ( Hebrew: יהודה Standard Yəhuda Tiberian Yəhûḏāh, "praised (Palestine) It was in this time frame (historians differ as to the exact year) that one Jesus Christ was tried before Pontius Pilatus, the Roman Governor of Judea. Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) Judea or Judæa ( Hebrew: יהודה Standard Yəhuda Tiberian Yəhûḏāh, "praised (Tacitus, Seutonius, Epictitius, et al)
From 54 AD to 68 AD the Legion served under Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo at Artaxata and Tigranocerta against the Parthians. Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (ca 56 &ndash ca 117 was a senator and a Historian of the Roman Empire. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, commonly known as Suetonius (ca 69/75 &ndash after 130 was an equestrian and a historian during the Roman Empire. Year 54 was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 68 was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo (ca 7 - 67 was a Roman general Life Descent Corbulo was born in Italy into a senatorial family Artashat (Արտաշատ Hellenized as Artaxata: Ἀρτάξατα is a city on the Araks River in the Ararat valley Tigranakert ( Armenian: Տիգրանակերտ transliterated "Tigranakert" and also spelled "Dikranagerd" in Western Armenian; Latin Parthia ( Middle Persian: اشکانیان Ashkâniân) was an Iranian civilization situated in the northeastern part of modern Iran (The Roman Imperial Army, Webster)
In 69 AD the Legion returned to Judea and fought in the Jewish Civil War. 69 (sex position & book by Ryu Murakami are -- already linked by "" with other meanings For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," Judea or Judæa ( Hebrew: יהודה Standard Yəhuda Tiberian Yəhûḏāh, "praised As the Jewish Civil War wound down, the sixth was placed under Mucianis and fought against Vitellius. Aulus Vitellius Germanicus, born Aulus Vitellius and commonly known as Vitellius ( 24 September, 15 &ndash 22 December, 69 Legion VI was largely responsible for Mucianis victory over the forces of Vitellius during the brief Roman Civil War . Aulus Vitellius Germanicus, born Aulus Vitellius and commonly known as Vitellius ( 24 September, 15 &ndash 22 December, 69 List of Civil wars involving Rome. There were several Roman civil wars, especially during the time of the late Republic. (Tacitus, Hist III, pg 46)
106 AD the legion can be placed at Bostra under A. Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (ca 56 &ndash ca 117 was a senator and a Historian of the Roman Empire. For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," Bosra ( بصرى, also Bostra, Busrana, Bozrah, Bozra, Busra Eski Şam, Busra ash-Sham, Nova Trajana Cornelius Palma. (Notes on Parthian Campaign of Trajan, JRS, p35)
138 AD the legion is stationed in Palestine, but briefly sent to Africa during the Reign of Antonius Pius. Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan ( September 18 53 &ndash August 9 117) was a Roman Emperor who For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus ( September 19, 86 &ndash March 7 161) generally known in English as Antoninus Pius (The Roman Imperial Army, Webster)
150 AD the legion was again in Judea. For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," Judea or Judæa ( Hebrew: יהודה Standard Yəhuda Tiberian Yəhûḏāh, "praised (Life in Ancient Rome, Adkins & Adkins)
215 AD, the last reference found to Legio VI Ferrata places them still stationed in Palestine. Events By Place Roman Empire Caracalla 's troops massacre the population of Alexandria Egypt. Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. (Life in Ancient Rome, Adkins & Adkins)
See also
Notes
References
Primary sources
External links
This is a list of Roman legions, including key facts about each legion primarily focusing on Principate (early Empire 30BC - 284AD legions for which there exists For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription,"Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic