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Lega Nord
Federal Secretary Umberto Bossi
Federal President Angelo Alessandri
Founded 8 February 1991
Headquarters Via Bellerio, 41
20161 Milan
Newspaper La Padania
Membership (2008) 150,000[1]
Ideology Federalism, Regionalism, Fiscal federalism
Coalition with People of Freedom
International none
European party none
European Parliament Group Union for Europe of the Nations
Website http://www.leganord.org

Lega Nord (North League, LN), whose complete name is Lega Nord per l'Indipendenza della Padania (North League for Independence of Padania), is an Italian political party founded in 1991 as a federation of several regional parties of Northern and Central Italy, most of which had arisen and expanded their share of the electorate over the 1980s. Umberto Bossi (born September 19, 1941) is an Italian politician leader of the Northern League, a party seeking autonomy or Angelo Alessandri ( Reggio Emilia, 29 September 1969) is the leader of Lega Nord Emilia (since 2002) and federal president of Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Political federalism is a Political philosophy in which a group of members are bound together (Latin foedus, covenant) with a governing In Politics, regionalism is a Political ideology that focuses on the interests of a particular Region or group of regions whether traditional or formal Fiscal federalism is a system of Transfer payments or grants by which a federal government shares its Revenues with lower levels of government The People of Freedom ( Il Popolo della Libertà, PdL is a liberal-conservative History Premises Following the run-up to the Union for Europe of the Nations is a political group of the European Parliament formed on 20 July 1999) Self-Defense of the Republic Several Political parties operate in Italy, and historically they have been even more than today Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Related categories Central Italy Southern Italy Insular Italy Northeast Italy Central Italy is a geographic area in Italy that encompasses four of the country's 20 autonomous regions: Lazio Marches The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989.

Its political program advocates the transformation of Italy into a federal State, fiscal federalism and greater regional autonomy, especially for the Northern regions, which they call Padania; at times it has advocated secession. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Political federalism is a Political philosophy in which a group of members are bound together (Latin foedus, covenant) with a governing Fiscal federalism is a system of Transfer payments or grants by which a federal government shares its Revenues with lower levels of government An autonomous area is an area of a Country that has a degree of Autonomy, or freedom from an external authority Padania is an alternative name for Northern Italy. It was sparingly used until the early 1990s when the Lega Nord political party proposed the term as a possible Secession (derived from the Latin term secessio is the act of withdrawing from an organization union or especially a political entity Prior to the party's adoption of the term, Padania was a relatively obscure geographers' designation for the Padan-Venetian Plain. Po RiverThe Po Valley (Pianura Padana or Val Padana is a major geographical feature of Italy.

The founding parties of Lega Nord were Lega Lombarda, Liga Veneta, Piemont Autonomista, Uniun Ligure, Lega Emiliano-Romagnola, Alleanza Toscana, plus the newly formed regional/provincial parties in Friuli, Province of Trieste, Province of Trento, Province of Bolzano, Aosta Valley, Marche and Umbria. The Lega Lombarda (Lombard League LL is a regionalist Italian political party active in Lombardy. Liga Veneta ( Łiga Vèneta, Venetian League LV is a regionalist political party based in Veneto, combining Venetism and Lega Nord Piemont (North League Piedmont LNP is a regionalist Italian political party active in Piedmont. Lega Nord Liguria (North League Liguria is a regionalist Italian political party active in Liguria. Lega Nord Emilia (North League Emilia is a regionalist Italian political party active in the Emilian part of Emilia-Romagna. Lega Nord Toscana (North League Tuscany LNT is a regionalist Italian political party active in Tuscany. Friuli ( Friulian: The Province of Trieste (Provincia di Trieste Tržaška pokrajina is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. The Province of Trento (Provincia autonoma di Trento also called Trentino, is an Autonomous province of Italy. The Province of Bolzano-Bozen (Provincia autonoma di Bolzano Autonome Provinz Bozen Ladin: Provinzia The Marche (plural originally from le marche de Ancona, referring to the March of Ancona) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. Umbria is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. The capital is Perugia.

The League is led by Umberto Bossi. Umberto Bossi (born September 19, 1941) is an Italian politician leader of the Northern League, a party seeking autonomy or

Contents

History

Precursors and foundation

Umberto Bossi
Umberto Bossi

One of Lega Nord's principal precursors (and, later, sections), Liga Veneta, based in Veneto, elected a deputy, Achille Tramarin, and a senator, Graziano Girardi in the 1983 general election. Liga Veneta ( Łiga Vèneta, Venetian League LV is a regionalist political party based in Veneto, combining Venetism and Veneto or Venetia ( Vèneto) is one of the 20 regions of Italy. The Italian Chamber of Deputies ( Camera dei Deputati) is the Lower house of the Parliament of Italy. Achille Tramarin is an Italian politician A founding member of the Liga Veneta in 1979 and party national secretary from 1979 to 1984 he was elected at the The Italian Senate ( Italian: Senato della Repubblica, 'Senate of the Republic' is the Upper house of the Parliament of Italy. Member of the Liga Veneta, Graziano Girardi was elected senator in 1983 The Italian general elections of 1983 were held on 1983-06-26. In the 1987 general election another regional party, Lega Lombarda, based in Lombardy, attained national significance when its leader Umberto Bossi was elected to the Senate. The Italian general elections of 1987 were held on 1987-06-14. The Lega Lombarda (Lombard League LL is a regionalist Italian political party active in Lombardy. Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the Umberto Bossi (born September 19, 1941) is an Italian politician leader of the Northern League, a party seeking autonomy or The Italian Senate ( Italian: Senato della Repubblica, 'Senate of the Republic' is the Upper house of the Parliament of Italy. Since then he has commonly been referred to as the Senatür, the word for "senator" in a number of Northern Italian languages – a nickname maintained even when he was no longer a senator. Northern Italian (traditional name in Romance linguistics Padanian (recent name or Cisalpine (rare name is a linguistic set with different definitions

The party was formed in 1991 through the merger of various regional parties, including Lega Lombarda and Liga Veneta. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. These parties continue to exist as "national sections" of the federal party, which presents itself in regional and local contests as Lega Lombarda-Lega Nord, Liga Veneta-Lega Nord, and so on. Support for the party skyrocketed in the early 1990s because of the huge political corruption scandal known as Tangentopoli and the subsequent Mani pulite investigations. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 Tangentopoli ( Italian for bribesville) was the name used to indicate the corruption -based system in politics that had its heyday in Italy Mani pulite ( Italian for clean hands) was a nationwide Italian judicial investigation into Political corruption held in the 1990s following

First government participation

After the 1994 general election, in which the party participated within the Pole of Freedoms coalition, Lega Nord, along with National Alliance and Christian Democratic Centre, joined Forza Italia to form a coalition under the leadership of Silvio Berlusconi. An early national general election was held in Italy on March 27, 1994 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The Pole of Freedoms ( Polo delle Libertà) was a center-right electoral coalition in Italy, launched by Silvio Berlusconi in 1994 National Alliance ( Alleanza Nazionale, AN is a conservative Italian political party. The Christian Democratic Centre ( Centro Cristiano Democratico, CCD was a christian-democratic party in Italy. Forza Italia (Forward Italy FI is a Christian-democratic, liberal and liberal-conservative Italian political party led by Silvio (born 29 September 1936 is an Italian politician, Entrepreneur, Real estate and Insurance Tycoon, Bank and Media proprietor This government (in which the League controlled 5 ministries, Interior with Roberto Maroni, Budget with Giancarlo Pagliarini, Industry with Vito Gnutti, European Affairs with Domenico Comino and Institutional Reforms with Francesco Speroni) was short-lived: it collapsed before the end of the year, with the League instrumental in its demise. Roberto Maroni (born March 15, 1955) is an Italian politician from Varese. Giancarlo Pagliarini (born April 23 1942) is an Italian politician Francesco Enrico Speroni (born on 4 October 1946 in Busto Arsizio)is an Italian Politician and Member of the European Parliament

In January 1995, the League gave a vote of confidence to the new formed cabinet of Lamberto Dini, alongside with the Italian People's Party and the Democratic Party of the Left. Events in January Holidays New Year's Day - January 1 Coptic Christmas - January 7 Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 (born March 1, 1931) is an Italian politician and economist former Prime Minister and Foreign Minister. The Italian People's Party ( Partito Popolare Italiano, PPI was a christian-democratic political party in Italy History The party emerged The Democratic Party of the Left ( Partito Democratico della Sinistra, PDS was a post- communist democratic-socialist political party in Italy This caused many splinter groups to leave the party, including the Federalist Union (which was actually founded in June 1994) of Gianfranco Miglio, the Federalists and Liberal Democrats of Franco Rocchetta, Lucio Malan and Furio Gubetti and the Federalist Italian League of Luigi Negri and Sergio Cappelli. The Federalist Party ( Partito Federalista) was a federalist Italian political party. Events in June Madaraka Day June 1 to commemorate when Kenya gained internal self-rule Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Gianfranco Miglio ( January 11, 1918 - August 10, 2001) was an Italian Jurist, Political scientist and Politician The Federalists and Liberal Democrats ( Federalisti e Liberaldemocratici, FLD was a federalist and liberal Italian political party. Franco Rocchetta was a Venetist politician He was a founding member of Liga Veneta in 1978–1980 and its national president and practical leader Lucio Malan (born July 30 1960) is an Italian politician Malan was born in Luserna San Giovanni, Turin. The Federalist Italian League ( Lega Italiana Federalista, LIF was a short-lived federalist and liberal Italian political party. All these groups later merged into Forza Italia. Forza Italia (Forward Italy FI is a Christian-democratic, liberal and liberal-conservative Italian political party led by Silvio Even Roberto Maroni opposed the new course of the party, but after some months of coldness with Bossi, he returned to active politics in June. Events in June Madaraka Day June 1 to commemorate when Kenya gained internal self-rule Between 1995 and 1998 the party entered into alliance with these and other parties of the centre-left in many local contexts, from the Province of Padua to Udine. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The Province of Padua ( Provincia di Padova) is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. Udine ( Friulian Udin, Slovene Videm, German Weiden, Latin Utinum) is a city in northeastern

The independentist years

After its success in the 1996 general election (10. An early national general election was held in Italy on April 21, 1996 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of 1%, 59 deputies and 27 senators), the party announced that its aim was the secession of Northern Italy under the name Padania, an expression previously referring to the Po River valley, but to which Lega Nord gave a geographically broader usage that has steadily gained currency, at least among its followers. Related categories Central Italy Southern Italy Insular Italy Northeast Italy The Po ( Latin: Padus, Po Ligurian: Bo, Greek: Eridanus) is a river that flows 652 km(405 miles (682 km by considering The party even organized a referendum on independence as well as elections for a "Padanian Parliament" (with no international recognition).

In later years the League have deemphasised demands for independence and focused rather on devolution, while remaining within the framework of Italy, as in its original goal: not to secede from Italy but to transform it into a federal state. Devolution is the statutory granting of powers from the central government of a State to government at subnational level

The House of Freedoms

In 2000 the party re-joined forces with Berlusconi's coalition, previous disagreements notwithstanding, leading the centre-right to the huge victory in that year regional elections and to the triumph in the 2001 general election. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. A national general election was held in Italy on May 13, 2001 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic In 2001-2006 Lega Nord controlled three ministries: Justice with Roberto Castelli, Labour and Social Affairs with Roberto Maroni, and Institutional Reforms and Devolution with Umberto Bossi (replaced by Roberto Calderoli in June 2004). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Roberto Castelli (born 12 July 1946) is an Italian politician Roberto Maroni (born March 15, 1955) is an Italian politician from Varese. Umberto Bossi (born September 19, 1941) is an Italian politician leader of the Northern League, a party seeking autonomy or Roberto Calderoli (born 18 April 1956) is an Italian politician a member of the Senate of Italy Events in June Madaraka Day June 1 to commemorate when Kenya gained internal self-rule "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

During the five years in government of the centre-right that followed, the Parliament voted an important constitutional reform, which included federalism and more powers for the Prime Minister. Political federalism is a Political philosophy in which a group of members are bound together (Latin foedus, covenant) with a governing The alliance that Lega Nord forged with the Movement for Autonomy and the Sardinian Action Party for the 2006 general election was not successful in convincing Southern voters to approve the reform, which was rejected by voters in the 2006 constitutional referendum. The Movement for Autonomy ( Movimento per l'Autonomia, MpA is a minor Italian political party The Sardinian Action Party ( Partito Sardo d'Azione, PSd'Az is a regionalist social-democratic Italian political party active in Sardinia In the Italian general election 2006 for the renewal of the two Chambers of the Parliament of Italy held on April 9 and April 10, 2006

2008 general election

In the aftermath of the fall of Romano Prodi's government on 24 February 2008, which led President Giorgio Napolitano to call an early election, the centre-right was re-organized by Berlusconi in the People of Freedom (PdL), without the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats. The Prodi II Cabinet was the Cabinet of the government of Italy from 17 May 2006 to 8 May 2008. Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Giorgio Napolitano (born June 29 1925) is an Italian Politician and former lifetime senator, the eleventh and current President of the Italian The People of Freedom ( Il Popolo della Libertà, PdL is a liberal-conservative History Premises Following the run-up to the The Union of Christian and Centre Democrats ( Unione dei Democratici Cristiani e di Centro, UDC is a christian-democratic Italian political party.

Lega Nord ran in the election in coalition with PdL and the Movement for Autonomy, gaining a stunning 8. 3% of the national vote. This result (a gain of 4. 2% in two years) allowed the election of 60 deputies (+37) and 26 senators (+13).

Following this result, since May Lega Nord has been represented in Berlusconi IV Cabinet by four ministers (Roberto Maroni, Interior; Luca Zaia, Agriculture; Umberto Bossi, Reforms and Federalism; Roberto Calderoli, Legislative simplification) and five under-secretaries (Roberto Castelli, Infrastructures; Michelino Davico, Interior; Daniele Molgora, Economy and Finances; Francesca Martini, Health; Maurizio Balocchi, Legislative simplification). MAY ( also known as: Mei メイ 메이 is a Korean singer well known in South Korea for singing the song "Miracle" The Berlusconi IV Cabinet has been the Cabinet of the government of Italy since 8 May 2008. Roberto Maroni (born March 15, 1955) is an Italian politician from Varese. Luca Zaia ( Conegliano, 27 March 1968) is an Italian Venetist politician member of Liga Veneta - Lega Nord Umberto Bossi (born September 19, 1941) is an Italian politician leader of the Northern League, a party seeking autonomy or Roberto Calderoli (born 18 April 1956) is an Italian politician a member of the Senate of Italy Roberto Castelli (born 12 July 1946) is an Italian politician Francesca Martini ( Verona, 31 August 1961) is a Venetist politician

Ideology

The party's ideology is a combination of political federalism, fiscal federalism and regionalism. Political federalism is a Political philosophy in which a group of members are bound together (Latin foedus, covenant) with a governing Fiscal federalism is a system of Transfer payments or grants by which a federal government shares its Revenues with lower levels of government In Politics, regionalism is a Political ideology that focuses on the interests of a particular Region or group of regions whether traditional or formal In Veneto it supports Venetism, in Lombardy the defense of Lombard culture and language, in Piedmont the defense of Piedmontese culture and language, and so on. Veneto or Venetia ( Vèneto) is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Veneto is my fatherland Even if there exists a Republic of Italy this abstract idea is not my Fatherland Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. The historical goal of the party is to transform Italy into a federal State and, through Lega Nord, federalism has become an important political issue in the country since the 1990s. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 This is the main difference between the League and the other European regionalist parties, which focus on special rights for their own regions (see the Basque Nationalist Party, the Republican Left of Catalonia, Plaid Cymru, the Scottish National Party, or the Vlaams Belang). The Basque Nationalist Party is the largest political party in the Basque Autonomous Community. The Republican Left of Catalonia (Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya ERC) is a left-wing Catalan independentist political party in Spain campaigning for Plaid Cymru (plaɪd ˈkəmri The Party of Wales often referred to simply as Plaid) is a Political party in Wales. The Scottish National Party (SNP (Pàrtaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba Scottis Naitional Pairtie is a Centre-left political party which campaigns for Scottish Vlaams Belang ( English: Flemish Interest) is an anti-immigration right-wing Political party in the Flemish Community of Belgium

Sometimes it seemed possible that the League might also unite with similar leagues in Central and Southern Italy, but this did not succeed, notwithstanding the presence of the Federalist Alliance. Central Italy is a geographic area in Italy that encompasses four of the country's 20 autonomous regions: Lazio Marches Geography Southern Italy forms the lower "boot" of the Italian peninsula containing the ankle (Abruzzo and Molise and southern Lazio the toe (Calabria and the heel The Federalist Alliance ( Alleanza Federalista) is a federalist Italian political party, which is the emanation of Lega Nord in Central The party continues to dialogue with regionalist parties throughout Italy, including the Valdotanian Union, the Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party, the Movement for Autonomy, and the Sardinian Action Party, and it always had some figures from the South in its parliamentary ranks. The Valdotanian Union ( Union Valdôtaine, UV is a regionalist centrist Italian political party, which is the largest political force in The Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party ( Partito Autonomista Trentino Tirolese, PATT is a regionalist christian-democratic Italian political party The Movement for Autonomy ( Movimento per l'Autonomia, MpA is a minor Italian political party The Sardinian Action Party ( Partito Sardo d'Azione, PSd'Az is a regionalist social-democratic Italian political party active in Sardinia Notably, Angela Maraventano, Deputy-Mayor of Lampedusa, is a senator of Lega Nord. Free Padania ! Free Lampedusa !Sugnu leghista! ( I am a Northern League activist! in Sicilian language)|Angela Maraventano Angela Maraventano (born The Mediterranean island of Lampedusa ( Italian: Isola di Lampedusa; Sicilian: Isula di Lampidusa) belongs to

The political culture of Lega Nord is a mix of pride in the heritage of Northern Italy (particularly with historical references to the anti-imperial Lega Lombarda; the warrior on the party emblems represents Alberto da Giussano, a mythical figure of wars against Barbarossa, from which they inherited anti-monopolism and anti-centralism), distrust of some Southern Italian habits and Roman authorities in particular, some support for free market economics, independentism, distrust of Italy and especially its flag, and claims of a Celtic heritage. Related categories Central Italy Southern Italy Insular Italy Northeast Italy The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The Lombard League was an alliance formed around 1167, which at its apex included most of the cities of Northern Italy (although its membership changed in Alberto da Giussano (born in Giussano, Lombardy) was a Legendary Guelph warrior during Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 &ndash 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned In Economics, a monopoly (from Greek monos, alone or single + polein, to sell exists when a specific individual or enterprise has sufficient Centralization (or centralisation) is the process by which the activities of an organization particularly those regarding decision-making become concentrated within Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 A free market is a Market in which property rights are voluntarily exchanged at a price arranged completely by the mutual consent of sellers and buyers Separatism refers to the advocacy of a state of cultural ethnic tribal religious racial or gender separation from the larger group often with demands for greater political autonomy See also List of Italian flags The flag of Italy ( La bandiera d'Italia, often referred to in Italian as Il Tricolore) is a Tricolour Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Cultural heritage ("national heritage" or just "heritage" is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or Society

Despite being officially founded on federalism – the party's constitution says that the party will end its political activity when federalism is obtained – Lega Nord is no longer a single-issue party. It is difficult to define it in the left-right spectrum because it is variously conservative, centrist and left-wing with regard to different issues. Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined In Politics, centrism usually refers to the political ideal of promoting Moderate policies which land in the middle ground between different political extremes For example, the party supports both liberal ideas, such as deregulation, and social-democratic ones, such as the defense of wages and pensions. Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal Deregulation, a term which gained widespread currency in the period 1970-2000 can be seen as a process by which governments remove reduce or simplify Restrictions on Business Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left This is because Lega Nord, as a "people's party" representing the North as a whole, includes both liberal-conservative and social-democratic factions. Liberal conservatism is a variant of Conservatism which combines conservative and liberal values and positions In general, it supports the social market economy and many others goals typical of christian-democratic parties. The social market economy was the main economic model used in Western and Northern Europe during the Cold War era Christian democracy is a political ideology that seeks to apply Christian (and often specifically Catholic) principles to public policy

It has been said that the League is populist in the European sense, but it would probably be more accurate to define the party as populist in the American sense, referring to the experience of the United States Populist Party, a short-lived third party grown in the final years of the 19th Century. Populism is a discourse which supports "the people" versus "the Elites " Populism may involve either a political philosophy urging social and political The Populist Party (also known as the People's Party) was a relatively short-lived Political party in the United States in the late 18th century The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Lega Nord is populist in the sense that it is an anti-monopolist and anti-elitist popular and participative party (it is one of the few Italian political parties to not permit free-masons to join), "fighting against the big powers". In Economics, a monopoly (from Greek monos, alone or single + polein, to sell exists when a specific individual or enterprise has sufficient Elitism is the belief or attitude that those individuals who are considered members of the Elite &mdash a select group of people with outstanding personal abilities intellect This is the reason why the party is strong in the North, despite being obscured and badly-presented by national media, television and newspapers. The party is also libertarian-populist in its promotion of small-ownership, small and medium-sized enterprise, small government against governmental bureaucracy, waste of public funds, pork barrel spending and corruption. Libertarianism is a term used by a broad spectrum of political philosophies which prioritize individual Liberty and seek to minimize or even abolish the A Small government is one which minimizes its own activities In its "perfect" form it would confine itself to Foreign policy, Defense and Law Bureaucracy is the structure and set of regulations in place to control activity usually in large organizations and government In United States Politics, the term " pork barrel " refers to the appropriation of government spending for projects that are intended primarily Political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain

Federalism or secession?

The Sun of the Alps, the proposed flag for Padania by Lega Nord
The Sun of the Alps, the proposed flag for Padania by Lega Nord

The exact program of Lega Nord was not clear in the early years: some opponents claimed it wanted secession of Padania, while at other times they appeared to be simply requesting more autonomy for Northern regions. Padania is an alternative name for Northern Italy. It was sparingly used until the early 1990s when the Lega Nord political party proposed the term as a possible Padania is an alternative name for Northern Italy. It was sparingly used until the early 1990s when the Lega Nord political party proposed the term as a possible The League eventually settled on federalism, which rapidly became a buzzword and a popular issue in most Italian political parties. Political federalism is a Political philosophy in which a group of members are bound together (Latin foedus, covenant) with a governing

In 1996, the party switched to open secessionism, calling for the splitting of Italy in three entities, named by Lega Nord "ideologue" and well-known political scientist Gianfranco Miglio: "Padania", "Etruria" and the "South". Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Gianfranco Miglio ( January 11, 1918 - August 10, 2001) was an Italian Jurist, Political scientist and Politician As a symbolic act of birth of the new nation, on 13-15 September Umberto Bossi took a bottle of water from the springs of Po River (Latin: Padus, hence Padania), which was poured in the sea of Venice by a little girl a few days later. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Umberto Bossi (born September 19, 1941) is an Italian politician leader of the Northern League, a party seeking autonomy or The Po ( Latin: Padus, Po Ligurian: Bo, Greek: Eridanus) is a river that flows 652 km(405 miles (682 km by considering Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the A voluntary group of militants, the green shirts (green being the colour of Padania), was also established. Green is a Color, the perception of which is evoked by light having a spectrum dominated by energy with a Wavelength of roughly 520–570- nm.

The renewed alliance with Berlusconi in 2001 forced the party to tone down, and Padania became the name of a proposed "macro-region", going back to the original idea of Gianfranco Miglio: an Italian federal republic, divided into three "macro-regions". The new buzzword devolution (often used in English) was also introduced, but with less success than federalism. Devolution is the statutory granting of powers from the central government of a State to government at subnational level English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The choice to tone down and settle just for devolution instead of secession caused criticism from the party base and led to the formation of some minor breakaway factions.

As observed above, the peculiarity of Lega Nord among European regionalist parties is that its main goal is the transformation of Italy into a federal state instead of simply demanding special rights and autonomy for Northern regions.

Publicity Car of the Italian Lega Nord Party for the regional Elections in Tuscany on 3 April 2005 on the "Piazza della Repubblica" in Florence
Publicity Car of the Italian Lega Nord Party for the regional Elections in Tuscany on 3 April 2005 on the "Piazza della Repubblica" in Florence

Policies

The party takes a social-conservative stance on social issues, such as abortion, euthanasia, medical embryonic stem-cell research, artificial insemination, same-sex marriage (though there is an association called "Padanian Gays" linked to the party) and drug use (though it did once support the legalization of marijuana), despite some notable exceptions: Giancarlo Pagliarini, Rossana Boldi and, to some extent, Roberto Castelli has represented the social-liberal wing within the party ranks. Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Social conservatism is a political or moral ideology that affirms the government's role in encouraging or enforcing traditional values or behaviors in the belief that these are what An Euthanasia (literally "good death" in Ancient Greek) refers to the practice of ending a life in a painless manner Stem cells are cells found in most if not all multi-cellular Organisms. AIH redirects here For the indie rock band abbreviated AIH see Architecture in Helsinki Artificial insemination (AI is the process by which Same-sex marriage (also referred to as gay marriage) is a term for a legally or Socially recognized Marriage between two people of the same Giancarlo Pagliarini (born April 23 1942) is an Italian politician Roberto Castelli (born 12 July 1946) is an Italian politician Social liberalism, also called new liberalism (as it was originally termed high liberalism radical liberalism, modern liberalism, or

Lega Nord supports lower taxes, especially for families and small enterprises, and an end to public money to help big businesses facing crisis, as for FIAT and for Alitalia. Fiat SpA (an Acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer AlitaliaLinee Aeree Italiane SpA ( Italian for Alitalia - Italian Air Lines) ( is the Flag carrier Airline of Italy.

The party has also a stronger commitment to the environment compared to its political allies in the centre-right. See also Nature The natural environment, commonly referred to simply as the environment, is a terminology that is comprised of all living and When in power at the local level, it strongly supports public green areas, the formation of natural parks, recycling, and the end (or regulation) of the construction of sheds in country areas. Lega Nord also supports the protection of traditional foods and, in general, represents many farmers who are upset about the Common Agricultural Policy. The Common Agricultural Policy ( CAP) is a system of European Union Agricultural subsidies and programmes

The party has a tough, and often harsh, stance on crime, illegal immigration, especially from Muslim countries, and terrorism. It supports the promotion of immigration from non-Muslim countries in order to protect the "Christian identity" of Italy and Europe, which, according to party officials, should be based on "Judeo-Christian heritage"). For the general identity of an individual with certain core essential religious doctrines see Christianity.

In foreign policy, the League often criticizes the European Union (it was the only party other than the Communist Refoundation Party in the Italian Parliament to vote against the European Constitution) and opposes what it calls the idea of an "European Super-State", favoring instead a "Europe of Regions", as does the Christian Social Union and the European Free Alliance. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The Communist Refoundation Party ( Partito della Rifondazione Comunista, PRC is a communist Italian political party. The European Free Alliance ( EFA) is a European political party. The party has never had a particularly pro-U.S. stance, although it admires the American federal political system. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Politics of the United States takes place in the framework of a presidential, Federal republic where the President of the United States (the Head of Its MPs opposed both the Gulf War in 1991 and the NATO intervention in Kosovo in 1999 in the name of pacifism, and Umberto Bossi personally met Slobodan Milosević during that war[2][3]. The North Atlantic Treaty The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 However, after the September 11, 2001 attacks and the emergence of Islamist terrorism, the League became a supporter of the American efforts in the War on terror[4][5][6][7], while expressing several reservations about American policy on Iraq[8][9][10]. The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is the common term for the military political and legal, and ideological conflict and specifically for U For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics.

Reasons for initial success

Especially in the early years, the League exploited resentment against Rome (with the famous slogan Roma ladrona, Italian for "Rome big thief") and the Italian government, common in Northern Italy, because some Northern Italians felt that the governments in Rome wasted resources collected mostly from Northern Italians' taxes. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2

Unpopularity of Southern Italians (often dubbed as terroni) and resentment against illegal immigrants were also exploited. The electoral successes of the party began roughly at a time when public disillusionment with old political parties was high. The scandals of Tangentopoli were unveiled from 1992 on. Tangentopoli ( Italian for bribesville) was the name used to indicate the corruption -based system in politics that had its heyday in Italy Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) However, contrary to what many pundits observed at the beginning of the 1990s, Lega Nord became a stable political force in Italian politics. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 The politics of Italy take place in a framework of a parliamentary, democratic Republic, and of a Multi-party system.

International affiliation

Lega Nord was originally a member of the European Free Alliance and its first two MEPs, Francesco Speroni and Luigi Moretti, joined the Rainbow Group in the European Parliament during the IV parliamentary term (1989-1994). The European Free Alliance ( EFA) is a European political party. Francesco Enrico Speroni (born on 4 October 1946 in Busto Arsizio)is an Italian Politician and Member of the European Parliament The Rainbow Group in the European Parliament was a Regionalist political group with seats in the European Parliament between 1989 and 1994. The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU Between 1994 and 1997 it was a member of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party, altghough one MEP, Raimondo Fassa, continued to sit in that group until 1999. The European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (founded in 1993 is a liberal party, mainly active in the European Union, composed of 55 national parties from across During the VI parliamentary term (1999–2004), it was briefly a component of the Technical Group of Independents along with Italian Radicals and then returned to the Non-Inscrits. The Technical Group of Independent Members was a political group with seats in the European Parliament between 1999 and 2001. Italian Radicals ( Radicali Italiani) is an Italian political party which describes itself as a liberale, liberista e libertario Non-Inscrits (abbreviated NI; English: Non-Attached Members, abbreviated NA; the English name is also official but the French name [11][12][13][14]

Following the 2004 election Lega Nord joined the Independence/Democracy group and later the Union for Europe of the Nations, an someway awkward affiliation for a party which proposes the "Europe of the Regions". Elections to the European Parliament were held in Italy on June 13, 2004. The Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament was set up on 20 July 2004. Union for Europe of the Nations is a political group of the European Parliament formed on 20 July 1999) Self-Defense of the Republic The party was affiliated to the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe until 2006, when its members joined the European Democratic Group. The Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( French: Alliance des Démocrates et des Libéraux pour l'Europe) is an alliance between two European political parties The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE which held its first session in Strasbourg on 10 August 1949, can be considered the The European Democrats is a loose association of Conservative parties in Europe [15]

Controversies

A political poster of the League for regional elections in Piedmont, 2005. It reads "Guess who is last in line for housing, employment and health care?", and pictures (from right) a Chinese, Roma, African, and Arab person all in front of a Piedmontese in a social services queue.
A political poster of the League for regional elections in Piedmont, 2005. Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. It reads "Guess who is last in line for housing, employment and health care?", and pictures (from right) a Chinese, Roma, African, and Arab person all in front of a Piedmontese in a social services queue. The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following A person who resides in and holds citizenship of the People's Republic of China (including Hong The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins The term African people can refer to people who live in Africa, or people who trace their ancestry to Indigenous inhabitants of Africa. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. Queue areas are places in which people in line ( First-come first-served) wait for goods or services

While the party leadership dismisses charges of racism and declares itself non-violent, there have been instances of speeches, interviews and banners pointing otherwise. Umberto Bossi himself, who described African immigrants as Bingo-bongos, in an interview suggested opening fire on the boats of immigrants who would disembark in Italy[16], but after widespread criticism he declared he was referring to empty boats.

Erminio Boso, a local leader from the Province of Trento, proposed to segregate immigrants in different train cars from native Italians[17]. The Province of Trento (Provincia autonoma di Trento also called Trentino, is an Autonomous province of Italy. The former Mayor of Treviso, Giancarlo Gentilini, while in office, spoke about those he called "immigrant slackers", saying, "We should dress them up like hares and bang-bang-bang"[18]. Treviso (Venetian Trevizo, French Trévise, Latin Tarvisium) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy. Giancarlo Gentilini ( August 3, 1929) is the current Deputy Mayor and former Mayor of the city of Treviso, Italy.

Through the Associazione Umanitaria Padana (Padanian Humanitarian Association), Lega Nord participates in social and economic humanitarian projects which are intended to respect local cultures, traditions, and identities. The campaigns are carried out in underdeveloped nations or in those that have suffered from war or from natural catastrophes. Locations of recent missions have included Darfur, Iraq and Afghanistan[19]. Darfur (دار فور daar foor, lit "realm of the Fur " is a region in Sudan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت,

Factions

Lega Nord wants to unite all those Northern Italians who support autonomy and federalism for their land. For this reason it tends to be a de-ideologized party. Although there are no organized factions, it is possible to differentiate tendencies or wings.

1997 Padanian elections

In 1997, Lega Nord organized what it called "the first elections to the Padanian Parliament". Roughly 4 million Northern Italians (the party said 6 million) went to the "polls" and chose between a number of Padanian parties [22]:

Alliances

In the Lega Nord, there have always been different perspectives about national alliances. In 1994, some days before the announcement of the Bossi-Berlusconi pact which led to the formation of the Pole of Freedoms, Roberto Maroni, a moderate, signed a pact with Mario Segni's Pact for Italy, which was later cancelled. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Umberto Bossi (born September 19, 1941) is an Italian politician leader of the Northern League, a party seeking autonomy or (born 29 September 1936 is an Italian politician, Entrepreneur, Real estate and Insurance Tycoon, Bank and Media proprietor The Pole of Freedoms ( Polo delle Libertà) was a center-right electoral coalition in Italy, launched by Silvio Berlusconi in 1994 Roberto Maroni (born March 15, 1955) is an Italian politician from Varese. Mariotto Segni, better known as Mario, (born May 16 1939 in Sassari) is an Italian politician The Pact of Italy ( Patto per l'Italia) was a centrist electoral coalition in Italy, launched by Mario Segni and Mino Martinazzoli in 1994 When Bossi decided to stop supporting the first Berlusconi government at the end of the same year, Maroni, who was the Minister of the Interior, and many other members of the League distanced themselves from their leader. The Berlusconi I Cabinet was the Cabinet of the government of Italy from 10 May 1994 to January 17 1995. Many left the party (40 deputies out of 117 and 17 senators out of 60) and some, including Lucio Malan, switched to Forza Italia. Lucio Malan (born July 30 1960) is an Italian politician Malan was born in Luserna San Giovanni, Turin. Forza Italia (Forward Italy FI is a Christian-democratic, liberal and liberal-conservative Italian political party led by Silvio Maroni, after some months of coldness in his relationship with Bossi, returned to be an active member of the League.

After the 1996 general election, which Lega Nord fought outside the big two coalitions, those who supported an alliance with Berlusconi (Vito Gnutti, Domenico Comino, Fabrizio Comencini and others) and those who preferred to enter into Romano Prodi's alliance did not disappear. An early national general election was held in Italy on April 21, 1996 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of Fabrizio Comencini ( Garda, 6 November, 1953) is an Italian Venetist politician (born 9 August 1939 is an Italian politician and statesman He served as President of the Council of Ministers (prime minister of Italy twice from 17 May Some of them (15 deputies out of 59 and 9 senators out of 27) left the party to switch to the centre-right or the centre-left, as Marco Formentini and Irene Pivetti did. For the Italian long-distance swimmer with the same name see Marco Formentini (swimmer Marco Formentini (born April 14, 1930 Irene Pivetti (born 4 April 1963) is an Italian journalist and politician deputy since 1992 to 2001 The group of Gnutti and Comino was expelled in 1999, after which they formed an alliance with the centre-right at the local level, while Comencini had left the party in 1998 to launch his Liga Veneta Repubblica with the mid-term objective of entering in coalition with Forza Italia in Veneto. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Liga Veneta Repubblica ( Łiga Vèneta Republica, Venetian Republic League LVR is a strongly Venetist political party claiming independence for Veneto or Venetia ( Vèneto) is one of the 20 regions of Italy.

After the decline of Lega Nord in the 1999 European Parliament election, senior members of the party decided that it was not possible to attain the party's goals if they continued to refuse an alliance with one of the two coalitions. The 1999 European Parliamentary Election was a European election for all 626 members of the European Parliament held across the 15 European Union Some, including Maroni, who had always been left-leaning at heart, despite his defense of Berlusconi in 1994, preferred an alliance with the centre-left. He reached an agreement, this time the centre-left, only to be refuted by Bossi, who had previously invited him to pursue direct talks with Massimo D'Alema, as in 1994 with Segni. Massimo D'Alema (born April 20 1949) is an Italian politician These talks were successful, so that in Lombardy the centre-left candidate in the 2000 regional elections would have been Maroni himself, but Bossi decided to return to the alliance with Berlusconi, who was the front-runner in the upcoming general election. Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the A national general election was held in Italy on May 13, 2001 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic Lega Nord, within with the other House of Freedoms parties, won both the 2000 regional elections and the 2001 general election, and returned to national office. Casa delle Libertà ( CDL; Italian for House of Freedoms) was a major Italian Center-right Political alliance led by

During the years in government in Rome (2001-06), the party saw the emergence of two different political viewpoints about alliances: some, led by Roberto Calderoli and Roberto Castelli (with the backing of the ill Umberto Bossi), vigorously supported participation with the centre-right, while others, represented by Roberto Maroni and Giancarlo Giorgetti, were less warm about it. Roberto Calderoli (born 18 April 1956) is an Italian politician a member of the Senate of Italy Roberto Castelli (born 12 July 1946) is an Italian politician Giancarlo Giorgetti was national secretary of the Lombard League from 2002 Some of them spoke of possibly joining the centre-left some time after the 2006 general election, which they were certain to lose. In the Italian general election 2006 for the renewal of the two Chambers of the Parliament of Italy held on April 9 and April 10, 2006 This idea was ascribed to the fact that, without any support from the left, it seemed even more difficult to win the constitutional referendum, which would have turned Italy in a federal state. The centre-left did not change its position and the referendum was lost, making the North angry with the new Prodi government and the Leghisti less keen on making an alliance with those who opposed constitutional reform. The Prodi II Cabinet was the Cabinet of the government of Italy from 17 May 2006 to 8 May 2008.

Popular support

Support for Lega Nord is diverse even inside Padania and has varied over time, reaching a maximum of 10. Padania is an alternative name for Northern Italy. It was sparingly used until the early 1990s when the Lega Nord political party proposed the term as a possible 1% of the vote in the 1996 general election (around 25% north of the Po River). The Italian general election of 1996 took place on 21 April 1996. The Po ( Latin: Padus, Po Ligurian: Bo, Greek: Eridanus) is a river that flows 652 km(405 miles (682 km by considering In that year, the League scored 29. 3% of the vote in Veneto, 25. Veneto or Venetia ( Vèneto) is one of the 20 regions of Italy. 5% in Lombardy, 23. Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the 2% in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 18. Friuli-Venezia Giulia ( Friulian: Friûl-Vignesie Julie, Friaul-Julisch Venetien Furlanija - Julijska krajina Friul-Venezsia Jułia is one of the twenty 2% in Piedmont, 13. Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. 2% in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, 10. Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol ( Italian: Trentino-Alto Adige; German: Trentino-Südtirol; Ladin: Trentin-Adesc Aut   2% in Liguria, 7. Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, the third smallest of the Italian regions 2% in Emilia-Romagna, 1. Emilia-Romagna is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. The capital is Bologna. 8% in Tuscany, 1. Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 5% in the Marche, and 1. The Marche (plural originally from le marche de Ancona, referring to the March of Ancona) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. 0% in Umbria. Umbria is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. The capital is Perugia. The Leghisti were able to elect 59 deputies and 27 senators (of which 39 and 19 respectively were from single-seat constituencies), helping the centre-left to win, due to its successes in some Northern constituencies characterized by three-way races. The League won barely all the seats in the Provinces of the so-called Pedemontana, the area at the feet of the Prealps, from Udine to Cuneo, passing through Friuli, Veneto, Trentino, Lombardy and Piedmont. In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune The Alpine foothills, or Prealps (German Voralpen / Alpenvorland; Prealpi Préalpes can refer generally to any area of Foothills in the The Province of Udine (It Provincia di Udine, Friulian Provincie di Udin) is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia Cuneo is a province in the southwest of the Piedmont region of Italy.

In the 2008 general election Lega Nord scored 8. The Italian general election of 2008 took place on 13 - 14 April 2008. 3% at the national level, slightly below the result of 1996: 27. 1% in Veneto, 21. 6% in Lombardy, 13. 0% in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 12. 6% in Piedmont, 9. 4% in Trentino-Alto Adige, 7. 8% in Emilia-Romagna, 6. 8% in Liguria, 2. 2% in the Marche, 2. 0% in Tuscany and 1. 7% in Umbria. Despite a slight decline in term of votes, the party remains particularly strong in the Pedemontana, especially in Lombardy and Veneto, and in mountain zones of Veneto, Lombardy and Piedmont.

Lega Nord currently controls six of the 110 Italian Provinces, including some of the most populous ones, namely Sondrio, Varese and Como in Lombardy, Treviso and Vicenza in Veneto, and Udine. In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune The Province of Sondrio (It Provincia di Sondrio) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. The Province of Varese (Italian Provincia di Varese) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. The Province of Como (Provincia di Como is a province in the north of the Lombardy region of Italy and borders the Swiss cantons of Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the The Province of Treviso ( Provincia di Treviso) is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. The Province of Vicenza ( Provincia di Vicenza) is a province in the Veneto region of northern Italy. Veneto or Venetia ( Vèneto) is one of the 20 regions of Italy. The Province of Udine (It Provincia di Udine, Friulian Provincie di Udin) is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia Yet Lega Nord is the largest party in the Province of Bergamo, one of the most populated in Italy, the reason why Forza Italia, the dominant party of the centre-right, wants to maintain its hold on that administration, and in other two provinces in Veneto: Verona and Belluno. The Province of Bergamo ( Provincia di Bergamo) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Forza Italia (Forward Italy FI is a Christian-democratic, liberal and liberal-conservative Italian political party led by Silvio Veneto or Venetia ( Vèneto) is one of the 20 regions of Italy. The Province of Verona ( Provincia di Verona) is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. The Province of Belluno ( Provincia di Belluno) is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. Mayors of Lega Nord govern some important cities, including Verona, Treviso, Lecco, Monza, Varese and Novara. Verona is a city and provincial capital in Veneto, Northern Italy. Treviso (Venetian Trevizo, French Trévise, Latin Tarvisium) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy. Lecco is an Italian City of c 47000 inhabitants set in Lombardy, north of Milan, and is the capital of the Province of Lecco. Monza ( Munscia in Western Lombard) is a city on the river Lambro, a tributary of the Po, in the Lombardy region of Italy See Edgard Varèse for the composer Varese (vaˈreze in Italian Varès in the local Lombard Dialect; Novara ( Nuara in the local Novarese dialect of Western Lombard) is the capital city of the Province of Novara in the Piedmont region in northwest

Electoral results

The electoral results of Lega Nord in the Northern regions of Italy are shown in the table below. Related categories Central Italy Southern Italy Insular Italy Northeast Italy

1990 regional 1992 general 1994 general 1995 regional 1996 general 1999 European 2000 regional 2001 general 2004 European 2005 regional 2006 general 2008 general
Liguria 6. 1 14. 3 11. 4 6. 6 10. 2 3. 7 4. 3 3. 9 4. 1 4. 7 3. 7 6. 8
Piedmont 5. 1 16. 3 15. 7 9. 9 18. 2 7. 8 7. 6 5. 9 8. 2 8. 5 6. 3 12. 6
Lombardy 18. 9 23. 0 22. 1 17. 7 25. 5 13. 1 15. 5 12. 1 13. 8 15. 8 11. 7 21. 6
Veneto 7. 2 17. 3 21. 6 16. 7 29. 3 10. 7 12. 0 10. 2 14. 1 14. 7 11. 1 27. 1
Trentino-AA - 8. 9 7. 6 9. 6 (1993) 13. 2 2. 4 4. 7 (1998) 3. 7 3. 5 3. 2 (2003) 4. 5 9. 4
Friuli-VG - 15. 3 16. 9 26. 7 (1993) 23. 2 10. 1 17. 3 (1998) 8. 2 8. 5 9. 3 (2003) 7. 2 13. 0
Emilia-Romagna 2. 9 9. 6 6. 4 3. 4 7. 2 3. 0 2. 6 3. 3 3. 4 4. 8 3. 9 7. 8
Tuscany 0. 8 3. 1 2. 2 0. 7 1. 8 0. 6 0. 6 0. 6 0. 8 1. 3 1. 1 2. 0
Marche 0. 2 1. 3 - 0. 5 1. 5 0. 4 - 0. 3 0. 9 0. 9 1. 0 2. 2
ITALY - 8. 7 8. 4 - 10. 1 4. 5 - 3. 9 5. 0 - 4. 1 8. 3

Leadership

Federal level

National level

Liga Veneta


Lega Lombarda


Piemont Autonomista / Lega Nord Piemont


Lega Nord Friuli / Lega Nord Friuli-Venezia Giulia


Lega Emiliano-Romagnola / Lega Nord Emilia


Uniun Ligure / Lega Nord Liguria


Alleanza Toscana / Lega Nord Toscana


Lega Nord Trentino


Lega Nord Sud Tirolo



Lega Nord Valle d'Aosta



Lega Nord Romagna



Lega Nord Marche



Lega Nord Umbria



See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2008/aprile/16/Lega_rete_co_9_080416149.shtml
  2. ^ http://www.corriere.it/speciali/xenofobia/index.shtml
  3. ^ http://www.repubblica.it/online/dossier/rumi/rumi/rumi.html
  4. ^ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2001/ottobre/10/Lega_partito_filo_Milosevic_ora_co_0_0110104176.shtml
  5. ^ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2001/novembre/08/Poli_trovano_intesa_all_intervento_co_0_0111087026.shtml
  6. ^ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2002/ottobre/04/maggioranza_via_alla_missione_Afghanistan_co_0_0210043126.shtml
  7. ^ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2006/settembre/07/Calderoli_Bush_regali_atomica_Ahmadinejad_co_9_060907127.shtml
  8. ^ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2004/aprile/22/strappo_della_Lega_sulla_missione_co_9_040422002.shtml
  9. ^ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2004/aprile/22/Lega_tende_smarcarsi_Inviti_alla_co_9_040422006.shtml
  10. ^ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2005/luglio/09/Calderoli_andiamocene_Polo_frena_Rifinanziamento_co_8_050709028.shtml
  11. ^ http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/archive/alphaOrder/view.do?language=EN&id=1101
  12. ^ http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/archive/alphaOrder/view.do?language=EN&id=997
  13. ^ http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/archive/alphaOrder/view.do?language=EN&id=2036
  14. ^ http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/archive/alphaOrder/view.do?language=EN&id=1954
  15. ^ http://assembly.coe.int/ASP/AssemblyList/ALMemberDetails.asp?MemberID=5791
  16. ^ http://it.geocities.com/ilgruppodellatanadelgiaguaro/forum_libero/messaggi/58.htm
  17. ^ http://www.repubblica.it/online/politica/boso/reportage/reportage.html
  18. ^ http://www.repubblica.it/online/cronaca/immitreviso/ramadan/ramadan.html
  19. ^ http://www.lapadania.com/PadaniaOnLine/Articolo.aspx?pDesc=48435,1,1
  20. ^ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/1995/gennaio/28/Maroni_solo_vado_congresso_co_0_9501287416.shtml
  21. ^ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/1995/maggio/08/Bossi_riaccoglie_Maroni_torna_alle_co_0_9505087057.shtml
  22. ^ http://www.leganord.org/ilmovimento/storia/03_lega_nord_storia96_98.pdf

External links


BIBLIOGRAPHY




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