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(Dutch) Leeuwarden
(Frisian) Ljouwert
Flag of (Dutch) Leeuwarden (Frisian) Ljouwert
Flag		 Official seal of (Dutch) Leeuwarden (Frisian) Ljouwert
Seal
Location of (Dutch) Leeuwarden (Frisian) Ljouwert
Coordinates: 53°12′N 5°47′E / 53.2, 5.79
Country Netherlands
Province Friesland
Area (2006)
 - Total 84. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Friesland ( West Frisian: Fryslân, Dutch Friesland) is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the bigger region known Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 10 km² (32. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 5 sq mi)
 - Land 79. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 74 km² (30. 8 sq mi)
 - Water 4. 36 km² (1. 7 sq mi)
Population (1 January 2007)
 - Total 92,203
 - Density 1,096. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 3/km² (2,839. 5/sq mi)
  Source: CBS, Statline. Statistics Netherlands, founded in 1899, is a Dutch governmental institution that gathers statistical information about the Netherlands.
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 - Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)

Leeuwarden (pronunciation (help·info), Stadsfries: Liwwadden, West Frisian: Ljouwert) is the capital city of the Dutch province of Friesland. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Stadsfries or Stadfries is a set of dialects spoken in certain cities in the province of Friesland in northern Netherlands, namely Leeuwarden West Frisian ( Frysk) is a Language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland ( Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Friesland ( West Frisian: Fryslân, Dutch Friesland) is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the bigger region known It is situated in the north of the country.

Contents

History

Citizens of Leeuwarden welcoming units of the Canadian Army, 16 April 1945
Citizens of Leeuwarden welcoming units of the Canadian Army, 16 April 1945

The area has been occupied since the 10th century (although recently, remains of houses dating back to the 2nd century AD were discovered during a dig near the Oldehove), and was granted a town charter in 1435. Land Force Command ( LFC) is responsible for army operations within the Canadian Forces. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The 2nd century is the period from 101 to 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. De Oldehove is an unfinished church tower in the medieval centre of the Dutch city of Leeuwarden (Stenvert 2000) Situated along the Middelzee, it was an active trade centre, until the waterway dried out in the 15th century. The Middelzee ( Dutch for "middle sea" Middelsee also called Bordine, was the Estuary mouth of the River Boorn (West Frisian In 1901 the city had a population of 32,203. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

Famous natives of Leeuwarden include stadtholder William IV of Orange, graphic artist M. C. Escher, and dancer-spy Mata Hari, as well as the theologian Dr. A Stadtholder ( Dutch: stadhouder, " steward " or literally "place-keeper" or "stead-holder" in older Dutch in the Low William IV Prince of Orange and Nassau ( September 1 1711 &ndash October 22 1751) was the first hereditary Stadtholder Maurits Cornelis Escher (17 June 1898 – 27 March 1972 usually referred to as M Mata Hari was the Stage name of Margaretha Geertruida " Grietje " Zelle ( August 7, 1876, Leeuwarden N. H. Gootjes.

During World War II, after extensive occupation by the German forces, on April 15th, 1945, the Royal Canadian Dragoons, disobeying direct orders, gallantly charged into the heavily defended city and defeated the Germans, who were driven out by the next day. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Royal Canadian Dragoons (RCD is an Armoured Regiment of the Canadian Army.

Etymology

The name "Leeuwarden" (or old spelling variants) first came into use for Nijehove, the most important one of the three villages that later merged into one, in the early 9th century (Villa Lintarwrde' c. The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. 825). Events By Place Europe Egbert of Wessex defeats Beornwulf of Mercia at Ellandun. [1]

There is much uncertainty about the origin of the city's name. Historian and archivist Wopke Eekhoff summed up a total of over 200 different spelling variants, of which Leeuwarden (Dutch), Liwwadden (Stadsfries) and Ljouwert (West Frisian) are still in use. See also History An historian is an individual who studies and writes about History, and is regarded as an Authority on it An archivist is a professional who assesses collects organizes preserves maintains control over and provides access to information determined to have long-term value Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Stadsfries or Stadfries is a set of dialects spoken in certain cities in the province of Friesland in northern Netherlands, namely Leeuwarden West Frisian ( Frysk) is a Language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland ( Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands. [2]

The second syllable is easily explained. "Warden", Dutch/Frisian for a artificial dwelling hill, is a designation of a few terps, in accordance with the historical situation. An artificial dwelling hill (known as Terp, Wierde, Woerd, Warf, Warft, Werf, Wurt and Værft) is [3] The problem is the prefix, which could be interpreted as leeu- or 'leeuw-' (Dutch for lion). The lion ( Panthera leo) is a member of the family Felidae and one of four Big cats in the Genus Panthera. Some scholars believe the latter to be true for a lion is also found in the city's coat of arms. Scholarly method &mdash or as it is more commonly called scholarship &mdash is the body of principles and practices used by scholars to make their claims about the world as A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people For this however an extra "w" would be required. It should also be noted there have never been lions in Friesland. Friesland ( West Frisian: Fryslân, Dutch Friesland) is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the bigger region known Other scholars argue the name came from the prefix leeu-, a corruption of luw- (Dutch for sheltered) or lee- (a Dutch denotion of a water circulation). The last one suits the watery province of Fryslân. Friesland ( West Frisian: Fryslân, Dutch Friesland) is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the bigger region known [4]

Heraldry

The coat of arms of Leeuwarden is the official symbol of the municipality of Leeuwarden. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people It consists of a blue escutcheon, a golden lion and a crown. This article is about the heraldic tincture. For other meanings see Azure (disambiguation. In Heraldry, or (from the French word for gold) is the tincture of gold, and belongs to the class of light tinctures called "metals" The fact Leeuwarden carries a lion in its seal seems logical. Yet it is very plausible the oldest name of the city conceals an indication of water rather than an animal. Some sources tell the lion had been called into life after the name became official. It's also possible the coat of arms was a gift to the city from the powerful Minnema family. [5]

Population centres

Dutch name Frisian name 2005 census
Leeuwarden Ljouwert 86,324
Goutum Goutum 2,624
Wirdum Wurdum 1,236
Wijtgaard Wytgaard 626
Lekkum Lekkum 469
Snakkerburen Snakkerbuorren 206
Hempens Himpens 175
Swichum Swichum 60
Teerns Tearns 16
Total 91,766
Source: [6]

Architecture

Well-known buildings in the city centre include the Kanselarij (the former chancellery), the Waag (old trade centre of the city), the church of St. Goutum is a village in Leeuwarden in the province Friesland of the Netherlands and has around the 2630 citizens Wirdum (Wurdum is a small village in Leeuwarden in the province Friesland of the Netherlands and has around the 1236 citizens (2005 Wijtgaard (Wytgaard is a small village in Leeuwarden in the province Friesland of the Netherlands and has around the 626 citizens (2005 Lekkum is a small village in Leeuwarden in the province Friesland of the Netherlands and has around the 440 citizens (2004 Snakkerburen (Snakkerbuorren is a small village in Leeuwarden in the province Friesland of the Netherlands and has around the 220 citizens (2004 Hempens (Himpens is a small village in Leeuwarden in the province Friesland of the Netherlands and has around the 175 citizens (2005 Swichum is a small village in Leeuwarden in the province Friesland of the Netherlands and has around the 60 citizens (2005 Teerns (Tearns is a small village in Leeuwarden in the province Friesland of the Netherlands and has around the 16 citizens (2005 Bonifatius and the leaning tower Oldehove. De Oldehove is an unfinished church tower in the medieval centre of the Dutch city of Leeuwarden (Stenvert 2000) One of the eye catchers in the city centre is the ‘Achmea building’ (it belongs to Achmea insurance) which is near the train station. The Achmea building is the tallest building in the city.

Leeuwarden is also the site of the country's largest cattle market, and on Ascension Day, the largest flower market in the Netherlands is held here. The general and most common understanding of the Christian Doctrine of Ascension holds that Jesus bodily ascended to Heaven in the presence

Education

Leeuwarden has a number of reputed universties of applied science (HBO in Dutch), such as the Van Hall Instituut (agricultural and life sciences), the Christelijke Hogeschool Nederland (economical and educational studies) and the Noordelijke Hogeschool Leeuwarden (any mainstream study). The Van Hall Instituut is part of the University of Professional Education "Van Hall-Larenstein" and is specialised in Agriculture, Food Technology

Although the city has no scientific university, several dependencies are located here, including the Wageningen University, Universiteit Twente and the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. University of Twente (or Twente University) is a University located in Enschede, Netherlands. The University of Groningen (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen located in the city of Groningen, was founded in 1614. About 16. 000 students, among them an increasing number of foreign students, study at technical schools. Besides higher education, the city is also home to two regional vocational schools (MBO): the Friese Poort and Friesland College.

Sport

Leeuwarden is the starting and finishing point for the the celebrated Elfstedentocht, a 200km-long speed skating race over the Frisian waterways that is held when winter conditions in the province allow. The Elfstedentocht ( English translation "Eleven-cities Tour" is a Speed skating competition and leisure skating tour held irregularly in the Speed skating or speedskating is a competitive form of Skating in which the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance It last took place in January 1997, preceded by the races of 1986 and 1985. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) The city's local soccer team, Cambuur Leeuwarden plays in the 1st Division of the professional Dutch soccer league. SC Cambuur Leeuwarden, formed on June 19, 1964, is a Dutch football club currently playing in the Eerste Divisie. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered In the season 2005/06, the club narrowly escaped bankruptcy. Its Cambuurstadion opened in 1995. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995

Politics

Leeuwarden, as capital of the province of Friesland, is seat of the provincial authorities. Friesland ( West Frisian: Fryslân, Dutch Friesland) is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the bigger region known

Notable people from Leeuwarden

Transport

Train routes with starting number of the train number series:

References

  1. ^ Groot p. Cisca Dresselhuys (born in Leeuwarden on 21 April 1943 was the first head editor of the Dutch feminist Maurits Cornelis Escher (17 June 1898 – 27 March 1972 usually referred to as M Femme Simon Gaastra (born in Leeuwarden on 23 July 1945 is Professor of maritime history at the University of Leiden and a leading expert on the history of the Jonkheer Willem van Haren (born in Leeuwarden Feb 21, 1710 – died in Sint-Oedenrode July 4, 1768) was a Mata Hari was the Stage name of Margaretha Geertruida " Grietje " Zelle ( August 7, 1876, Leeuwarden Johannes Henricus Gerardus Jansen ( 9 May 1868 - 6 February 1936) was a former Archbishop of Utrecht and Roman Catholic Querelle Jansen (born October 14, 1985 in Leeuwarden, the Netherlands) is a Dutch model. François Haverschmidt ( Leeuwarden, February 14, 1835 – Schiedam, January 19, 1894) was a Dutch minister Tjitske Reidinga (born Tjitske Jacoba Reidinga on 20 February 1972 in Leeuwarden) is a Dutch actress Jan Jacob Slauerhoff, who published as J Slauerhoff, was a Dutch Poet and Novelist. Pieter Jelles Troelstra ( Leeuwarden, 20 April 1860 – The Hague, 12 May 1930) was a Dutch politician Cornelis Adriaan Lobry van Troostenburg de Bruyn ( Leeuwarden, January 1 1857 - Amsterdam, July 23 1904) was a Chemist Saskia van Uylenburgh ( August 2, 1612 - June 14, 1642) was the daughter of a Frisian Mayor and became the wife of Lodewijk Caspar Valckenaer (1715-1785 was a Dutch classical scholar at Leiden. Hans Vredeman de Vries (1527 – c 1607 was a Dutch Renaissance architect and engineer Harm Wiersma (born May 13, 1953 in Leeuwarden) is a six time world champion in Draughts and politician Train routes by timetable number Transport in the Netherlands --> Train routes in the Netherlands are identified Rotterdam (pronounced) is the 2nd-largest City by population in the Netherlands, located in the province of Groningen is the capital city of the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the Netherlands ' main Airport, located 20 minutes (17 Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Groningen is the capital city of the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. Stavoren ( West Frisian: Starum) is a small town on the coast of the IJsselmeer, about 5km south of Hindeloopen. Harlingen ( is a Municipality and a City in the northern Netherlands, in the province of Friesland at the Wadden Sea. Groningen is the capital city of the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. 10
  2. ^ Groot p. 12
  3. ^ Groot p. 12
  4. ^ Groot p. 12
  5. ^ Jansma p. 45
  6. ^ Dorpen per gemeente (Dutch, Frisian). Doarpswurk (2005). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-11-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont

Further reading

External links

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