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Lazzaro Spallanzani
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Born Scandiano
January 10, 1729
Died Pavia
February 12, 1799
Nationality Italy
Fields Biology

Lazzaro Spallanzani (January 10, 1729 - February 12, 1799) was an Italian biologist whose research of biogenesis paved the way for later discoveries by Louis Pasteur. Scandiano is a town in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, administratively part of the Province of Reggio Emilia. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year 1729 ( MDCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Pavia (pronounced Pavìa,) the ancient Ticinum, is a town and Comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year 1729 ( MDCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest A biologist is a Scientist devoted to and producing results in Biology through the study of Organisms Typically biologists study organisms and their relationship Biogenesis is the process of Lifeforms producing other lifeforms e Louis Pasteur (27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895 a French Chemist and Microbiologist, is best known for remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and

The statue to Spallanzani in Scandiano has him examining a frog through a magnifying glass.
The statue to Spallanzani in Scandiano has him examining a frog through a magnifying glass.

Contents

Biography

He was born in Scandiano, Italy (modern province of Reggio Emilia) and died in Pavia, Italy. Scandiano is a town in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, administratively part of the Province of Reggio Emilia. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Province of Reggio Emilia (Provincia di Reggio Emilia is one of the eight provinces of the Italian Region of Emilia-Romagna. Pavia (pronounced Pavìa,) the ancient Ticinum, is a town and Comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south Spallanzani was educated at the Jesuit College and started to study law at the University of Bologna, which he gave up soon and turned to science. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order The University of Bologna (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna UNIBO) is one of the oldest continually operating degree-granting universities in the world Here, his famous kinswoman, Laura Bassi, was professor of physics and it is to her influence that his scientific impulse has been usually attributed. Laura Maria Caterina Bassi was an Italian scientist the first woman to officially teach at a college in Europe With her he studied natural philosophy and mathematics, and gave also great attention to languages, both ancient and modern, but soon abandoned them. For the current in the 19th century German idealism see Naturphilosophie Natural philosophy or the philosophy of nature (from Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and

In 1754, at the age of 25 he became professor of logic, metaphysics and Greek in the University of Reggio, and in 1760 was moved to Modena, where he continued to teach with great assiduity and success, but devoted his whole leisure to natural science. Year 1754 ( MDCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Logic is the study of the principles of valid demonstration and Inference. Metaphysics is the branch of Philosophy investigating principles of reality transcending those of any particular science Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Year 1760 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap He declined many offers from other Italian universities and from St Petersburg until 1768, when he accepted the invitation of Maria Theresa to the chair of natural history in the university of Pavia, which was then being reorganized. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Year 1768 ( MDCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia see also names in other languages; May 13, 1717 November 29 1780) was the Archduchess regnant The University of Pavia ( Italian: Università degli Studi di Pavia, UNIPV is a university located in Pavia, Lombardy, Italy. He also became director of the museum, which he greatly enriched by the collections of his many journeys along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea.

In 1785 he was invited to Padua University, but to retain his services his sovereign doubled his salary and allowed him leave of absence for a visit to Turkey where he remained nearly a year and made many observations, among which may be noted those of a copper mine in Chalki and of an iron mine at Principi. Year 1785 ( MDCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Padua ( Padova 'padova Latin: Patavium, Padoa) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Halki (Χάλκη Chalki, Khalki, also Chalce) is a Greek island and municipality in the Dodecanese archipelago in His return home was almost a triumphal progress: at Vienna he was cordially received by Joseph II and on reaching Pavia he was met with acclamations outside the city gates by the students of the university. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Heir and co-regent Joseph was born in the midst of the early upheavals of the War of the Austrian Succession. Pavia (pronounced Pavìa,) the ancient Ticinum, is a town and Comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south

During the following year his students exceeded five hundred. His integrity in the management of the museum was called in question, but a judicial investigation speedily cleared his honour to the satisfaction even of his accusers. In 1788 he visited Vesuvius and the volcanoes of the Lipari Islands and Sicily, and embodied the results of his researches in a large work (Viaggi alle due Sicilie ed in alcune parti dell'Appennino), published four years later. Mount Vesuvius (in Italian Monte Vesuvio and in Latin Mons Vesuvius) is an active Stratovolcano east of Naples The Aeolian Islands ( Italian Isole Eolie) are a Volcanic Archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea north of Sicily. Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. He died from bladder cancer on the 27th of February 1799, in Pavia. After his death, his bladder was removed for study by his colleagues, after which it was placed on public display in a museum in Pavia, Italy, where it remains to this day.

His indefatigable exertions as a traveller, his skill and good fortune as a collector, his brilliance as a teacher and expositor, and his keenness as a controversialist no doubt aid largely in accounting for Spallanzani's exceptional fame among his contemporaries; his letters account for his close relationships with many famed scholars and philosophers, like Buffon, Lavoisier, and Voltaire. Georges-Louis Leclerc fr Comte de Buffon ( September 7, 1707 April 16, 1788) was a French naturalist, mathematician biologist François-Marie Arouet ( 21 November 1694 30 May 1778) better known by the Pen name Voltaire, was a French Yet greater qualities were by no means lacking. His life was one of incessant eager questioning of nature on all sides, and his many and varied works all bear the stamp of a fresh and original genius, capable of stating and solving problems in all departments of science -- at one time finding the true explanation of stone skipping (formerly attributed to the elasticity of water) and at another helping to lay the foundations of our modern vulcanology and meteorology. Stone skipping is a pastime which involves throwing a stone with a flattened surface across a Lake or other body of water in such a way that it bounces off the surface Volcanology (also spelled vulcanology) is the study of Volcanoes, Lava, Magma, and related geological and Geophysical phenomena Meteorology (from Greek grc μετέωρος metéōros, "high in the sky" and grc -λογία -logia) is the Interdisciplinary

Spallanzani researched the theory about the spontaneous generation of cellular life in 1768. In the Natural sciences, Abiogenesis, or origin of life, is the study of how Life on Earth emerged from Inanimate Organic The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known living Organisms It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living and is often called His experiment proved that microbes come from the air and that they could be killed through boiling. This work paved the way for later research by Louis Pasteur. Louis Pasteur (27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895 a French Chemist and Microbiologist, is best known for remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and

He also discovered and described animal (mammal) reproduction, showing that it requires both semen and an ovum. Physiological aspects Internal and external fertilization Depending on the Species, spermatozoa can fertilize An ovum (plural ova) is a Haploid Female reproductive cell or Gamete. He was the first to perform an artificial insemination, using a dog. AIH redirects here For the indie rock band abbreviated AIH see Architecture in Helsinki Artificial insemination (AI is the process by which Spallanzani showed that some animals, especially lizards, can regenerate some parts of their body if injured or surgically removed. Lizards are a large and widespread group of Reptiles of the order Squamata, with nearly 5000 species and ranging across all continents except He is also famous for extensive experiments on the navigation in complete darkness by bats, where he concluded that they have sensory capacities that he could not explain (and described by modern science as echolocation).

His great work, however, is the Dissertationi di fisica animale e vegetale (2 vols, 1780). Here he first interpreted the process of digestion, which he proved to be no mere mechanical process of trituration - that is, of grinding up the food - but one of actual chemical solution, taking place primarily in the stomach, by the action of the gastric juice. He also carried out important researches on fertilization in animals (1780).

See also

References

General

Work on insects


External links

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