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City of Lawrence
The Douglas County Courthouse anchors the south end of downtown Lawrence.
The Douglas County Courthouse anchors the south end of downtown Lawrence. Douglas County (county code DG) is located in northeast Kansas, in the Central United States. For the Arlington Virginia neighborhood see Courthouse Virginia A courthouse (sometimes spelled court house) is a building
Official seal of City of Lawrence
Seal
Nickname: Larryville
Motto: From Ashes to Immortality
Location in Kansas
Location in Kansas
Coordinates: 38°57′36″N 95°15′12″W / 38.96, -95.25333
Country United States
State Kansas
County Douglas
Founded 1854
Government
 - Mayor Sue Hack
 - City manager Dave Corliss
Area
 - City 28. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " Alphabetical list |}Former counties of KansasMarion (1855-1857 One of 36 Original Counties Douglas County (county code DG) is located in northeast Kansas, in the Central United States. City Commission government is a form of Municipal government which was once common in the United States, but many cities which were formerly governed by commission Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status 7 sq mi (74. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 3 km²)
 - Land 28. To help compare sizes of different geographic regions we list here Areas between 10 km² (1000 Hectares and 100 km² (10000 hectares 1 sq mi (72. 8 km²)
 - Water 0. 6 sq mi (1. 5 km²)
Elevation 840 ft (256 m)
Population (2006)
 - City 88,605
 - Density 3,153. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 2/sq mi (1,217. 1/km²)
 - Metro 112,123
Time zone CST (UTC-6)
 - Summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5)
Area code(s) 785
FIPS code 20-38900[1]
GNIS feature ID 0479145[2]
Website: www.lawrenceks.org

Lawrence is a city in Northeastern Kansas in the United States. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving Areas using UTC−6 Single zone countries Belize Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Daylight saving time ( DST The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Area Code 785 is the Area code for Telephone exchanges in most of northern Kansas. Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States Federal government for use by all non-military The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Lawrence serves as the county seat of Douglas County, Kansas. A county seat is a term for an Administrative center for a County, primarily used in the United States. Douglas County (county code DG) is located in northeast Kansas, in the Central United States. Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " Located 41 miles west of Kansas City, Lawrence is situated along the banks of the Kansas (Kaw) and Wakarusa Rivers. Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages The Kansas River (also known as the Kaw) is a River in northeastern Kansas in the United States. The Wakarusa River is a tributary of the Kansas River, approximately 50 mi (80 km long in eastern Kansas in the United States. It is considered governmentally independent and is the principal city within the Lawrence, Kansas, Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Douglas County. Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas|Table of United States Core Based Statistical AreasIn the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB has produced As of the 2000 census, the city had a population of 80,098, making it the sixth largest city in Kansas. 2006 estimates[3] place the city's population at 89,110. A quintessential college town, Lawrence is home to The University of Kansas and Haskell Indian Nations University. A college town or university town is a community (often literally a Town, but possibly a small or medium sized City, or in some cases a Neighborhood The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU or just Kansas) is a public research university with campuses located in Lawrence, Kansas City Haskell Indian Nations University is a four year degree granting University in Lawrence Kansas, which offers post-high school education to members of registered

Contents

History

Lawrence was founded in 1854 for the New England Emigrant Aid Company by Charles Robinson, who later served as governor of Kansas. The Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Company was a transportation company set up to transport Emigrants to Kansas Territory to shift the balance of power so that Free-Staters Charles Lawrence Robinson (July 21 1818 – August 17 1894 was the first Governor of Kansas. The city was named after Amos Adams Lawrence, a prominent politician and antislavery partisan and the son of famed philanthropist Amos Lawrence. Amos Adams Lawrence ( July 31, 1814 – August 22, 1886) was the son of famed philanthropist Amos Lawrence. Amos Lawrence, ( 22 April 1786, Groton Massachusetts – 31 December 1852, Boston Massachusetts) was an American

In the Bleeding Kansas era, Lawrence was a center of anti-slavery sentiment. Bleeding Kansas, sometimes referred to in history as Bloody Kansas or the Border War, was a series of violent events involving Free-Staters As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another On May 21, 1856, a pro-slavery posse led by Sheriff Samuel J. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another Jones burned the Free-State Hotel, destroyed the equipment of two anti-slavery newspapers, and looted several other businesses in an attack known as the sack of Lawrence; one man was killed, struck dead by a stone falling from the burning hotel. As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another In the summer of 1856 the Sacking of Lawrence helped ratchet up the guerrilla war in Kansas Territory that became known as " Bleeding Kansas. Abolitionist John Brown's nearby Pottawatomie Massacre is believed to have been a reaction to this event. John Brown (May 9 1800 December 2 1859 was an American Abolitionist who advocated and practiced armed Insurrection as a means to end all Slavery The Pottawatomie Massacre occurred during the night of May 24 and the morning of May 25, 1856. On August 21, 1863, during the American Civil War, Confederate guerrillas led by William Quantrill burned most of the houses and commercial buildings in Lawrence and killed 150 to 200 of the men they found in the Lawrence Massacre. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Quantrill's Raiders were a loosely organized force of pro- Confederate Bushwhackers who fought in the American Civil War under the leadership of William Clarke Quantrill ( July 31 1837 &ndash June 6 1865) was a Confederate guerrilla leader during the American The Lawrence Massacre, also known as Quantrill's Raid, was a rebel guerrilla attack during the U Of historical importance is KU's Pioneer Cemetery, perhaps best known for being the final resting place of Thomas Barber, a free-state settler, and Elmer McCollum, KU alumnus who is credited with discovering Vitamin A. Thomas Barber ( February 22, 1814 &ndash December 6, 1855) was a settler who came to Douglas County Kansas in 1855 from Richmond Elmer McCollum ( March 3, 1879 &ndash November 15, 1967) was an American biochemist Vitamin A refers to a family of similarly shaped molecules the Retinoids. James Naismith, the inventor of basketball, is buried in East Lawrence in Memorial Park Cemetery. James A Naismith (November 6

The University of Kansas was founded in Lawrence in 1865 by the citizens of Lawrence under a charter granted by the Kansas Legislature, with the donation of 40 acres (160,000 m²) of land on Mount Oread by former Kansas Governor Charles Robinson and his wife, Sara, and a small monetary gift from Amos Adams Lawrence. The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU or just Kansas) is a public research university with campuses located in Lawrence, Kansas City The Kansas Legislature is the state legislature of the US state of Kansas. The Governor of Kansas holds the "supreme executive power" of the State of Kansas as provided by the first article of the Kansas Constitution. Charles Lawrence Robinson (July 21 1818 – August 17 1894 was the first Governor of Kansas. Amos Adams Lawrence ( July 31, 1814 – August 22, 1886) was the son of famed philanthropist Amos Lawrence. As a college town, Lawrence is known for its liberal philosophy and distinctive culture.

Lawrence also holds the distinctions of having been the site of operation for the state's first railroad in 1871 and the city where the state's first telephone was installed in 1877. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. Basic principle A traditional landline telephone system also known as "plain old telephone service" (POTS, commonly handles both signaling and audio information In 1989, when the Free State Brewing Co. opened in Lawrence, it was the first legal brewery in Kansas in more than 100 years. The restaurant is in a renovated inter-urban trolley station in downtown Lawrence. The city is home to the state's only hydro-electric plant. Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water

In the early 1980s Lawrence grabbed national and later world attention because of the television movie The Day After. The Day After is an American Television movie which aired on November 20 1983, on the ABC Television Network The TV movie first appeared on ABC but was later shown in movie theaters around the world. The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. The movie depicted what would happen to average Americans, particularly those living in Lawrence and surrounding communities, if the United States was destroyed in a nuclear war. The movie was filmed in Lawrence with help from many people in the community.

Geography

Lawrence is situated at 38°57′36″N, 95°15′12″W (38. 959902, -95. 253199)[4].

This is about 41 miles (66 km) west of Kansas City, and about 20 miles (30 km) east of Topeka.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 28. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 7 square miles (74. 3 km²), of which, 28. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 1 square miles (72. 8 km²) of it is land and 0. 6 square miles (1. 5 km²) is water, including Potter Lake on the KU campus. The total area is 2. 06% water.

Google Earth, software that allows the user to "fly" over the surface of the earth, mapped with high-quality satellite photography and accurate topographical data, has a default position when started up that is centered exactly on the city of Lawrence (specifically on Meadowbrook Apartments, lying between Compton Square and Regency Place). Google Earth is a Virtual globe program that was originally called Earth Viewer and was created by Keyhole Inc, a company acquired by Google in 2004 This may be verified by running the software and zooming in from the default start position without rotating the virtual globe at all. This location was set by Brian McClendon, a 1986 graduate of the University of Kansas and director of engineering for Google Earth. The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU or just Kansas) is a public research university with campuses located in Lawrence, Kansas City [1]

Climate

Over the course of a year, temperatures range from an average low of almost 20 °F (−7 °C) in January to an average high above 90 °F (32 °C) in July. The high temperature reaches 90 °F (32 °C) an average of 49 days a year and reaches 100 °F (38 °C) an average of five days a year. The minimum temperature falls below the freezing point (32°F) an average of 96 days a year. Typically the first fall freeze occurs between mid-October and the second week of November, and the last spring freeze occurs between the last week of March and the third week of April.

The area receives nearly 40 inches (1,000 mm) of precipitation during an average year with the largest share being received in May and June; the April-to–June period averages 32 days of measurable precipitation. During a typical year the total amount of precipitation may be anywhere from 27 to 54 inches (1,400 mm). There are on average 100 days of measurable precipitation each year. Winter snowfall averages almost 18 inches, but the median is less than 10 inches (250 mm). Measurable snowfall occurs an average of 10 days a year with at least an inch of snow being received on six of those days. Snow depth of at least an inch occurs an average of 18 days a year.

Source: Monthly Station Climate Summaries, 1971-2000, U.S. National Climatic Data Center
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Temperatures (°F)
Mean high 39. 2 45. 6 57. 2 67. 6 76. 6 85. 3 90. 6 89. 4 81. 3 70. 1 54. 2 42. 4 66. 6
Mean low 20. 5 25. 9 35. 4 45. 7 55. 6 64. 8 69. 7 67. 9 59. 4 48. 3 35. 6 25. 0 46. 2
Highest recorded 72
(1967)		 82
(1972)		 90
(1946)		 94
(1989)		 98
(1956)		 107
(1980)		 111
(1954)		 107
(1984)		 108
(1947)		 98
(1939)		 84
(1980)		 76
(1939)		 111
(1954)
Lowest recorded −18
(1947)		 −11
(1996)		 −7
(1978)		 13
(1975)		 30
(1944)		 44
(1945)		 51
(1972)		 42
(1956)		 31
(1942)		 20
(1993)		 2
(1986)		 −21
(1989)		 −21
(1989)
Precipitation (inches)
Median 1. 14 1. 15 2. 33 3. 03 5. 54 4. 41 2. 70 3. 09 3. 62 2. 90 2. 32 1. 56 37. 69
Mean number of days 6. 4 6. 2 8. 8 10. 3 12. 0 9. 5 8. 6 8. 4 8. 5 7. 7 7. 5 6. 1 100. 0
Highest monthly 3. 49
(1979)		 2. 71
(1997)		 10. 54
(1973)		 8. 93
(1999)		 11. 54
(1995)		 14. 35
(1977)		 18. 30
(1993)		 10. 94
(1996)		 12. 85
(1973)		 10. 11
(1998)		 6. 21
(1998)		 4. 77
(1971)
Snowfall (inches)
Median 3. 8 3. 8 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 3 1. 7 9. 6
Mean number of days 2. 9 2. 6 0. 9 0. 3 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 1 0. 9 2. 4 10. 1
Highest monthly 21. 9
(1985)		 17. 5
(1978)		 7. 5
(1975)		 4. 5
(1983)		 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 7. 0
(1996)		 8. 0
(1975)		 10. 6
(1973)
Notes: Temperatures are in degrees Fahrenheit. Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 Precipitation includes rain and melted snow or sleet in inches; median values are provided for precipitation and snowfall because mean averages may be misleading. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric Rain is Liquid precipitation. On Earth it is the condensation of atmospheric Water vapor into drops heavy enough to fall often making it to "Snowfall" redirects here For other uses see Snow (disambiguation or Snowfall (disambiguation. Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. In Probability theory and Statistics, a median is described as the number separating the higher half of a sample a population or a Probability distribution In Mathematics and Statistics, the arithmetic Mean (or simply the mean) of a list of numbers is the sum of all the members of the list divided Mean and median values are for the 30-year period 1971–2000; temperature extremes are for the station's period of record (1939–2001). The station is located in Lawrence at 38°58′N 95°16′W, elevation 980 feet (300 m).

Demographics

Historical populations
Census Pop.  %±
1860 1,645
—
1870 8,320 405. 8%
1880 8,510 2. 3%
1890 9,997 17. 5%
1900 10,862 8. 7%
1910 12,374 13. 9%
1920 12,456 0. 7%
1930 13,726 10. 2%
1940 14,390 4. 8%
1950 23,351 62. 3%
1960 32,858 40. 7%
1970 45,698 39. 1%
1980 52,738 15. 4%
1990 65,608 24. 4%
2000 80,098 22. 1%

As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 80,098 people, 31,388 households, and 15,725 families residing in the city. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The population density was 2,849. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 4 people per square mile (1,100. 2/km²). There were 32,761 housing units at an average density of 1,165. 4/sq mi (450. 0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83. 80% White, 5. 09% African American, 2. 93% Native American, 3. 78% Asian, 0. 07% Pacific Islander, 1. 36% from other races, and 2. 97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 65% of the population. 23. 8% were of German, 10. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as 6% English, 10. The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English 1% Irish and 7. The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate 1% American ancestry according to Census 2000. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the 91. 0% spoke English, 2. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States 9% Spanish and 1. 0% Chinese or Mandarin as their first language. Standard Mandarin, also known as Standard Spoken Chinese, is the official modern Chinese spoken language used in mainland China and Taiwan

Of the 31,388 households, 25. 1% included children under the age of 18, 38. 0% were married couples living together, 8. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** 7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49. 9% were non-families. 30. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 5. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 30 and the average family size was 2. 93.

In the city the population was spread out with 18. 6% under the age of 18, 30. 7% from 18 to 24, 28. 5% from 25 to 44, 15. 1% from 45 to 64, and 7. 2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females there were 98. 8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98. 2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,669, and the median income for a family was $51,545. Males had a median income of $33,481 versus $27,436 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,378. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country About 7. 3% of families and 18. 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 6% of those under age 18 and 7. 7% of those age 65 or over.

Politics and culture

While Kansas may be a heavily Republican state, Lawrence is reliably Democratic. Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Douglas County, where Lawrence is situated, was one of only two counties in Kansas whose majority voted for John Kerry in the 2004 presidential election. } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. Douglas County has supported the Democratic candidate the past four presidential elections. Currently, Lawrence is served by both the 2nd and 3rd U. District 2 for the United States House of Representatives in the state of Kansas is a Congressional district covering most of eastern Kansas District 3 for the United States House of Representatives in the state of Kansas is a Congressional district in eastern Kansas S. Congressional Districts of Kansas. Before reapportionment in 2002, Lawrence sat entirely within the third district. Douglas County was the only county in the state to reject the amendment to the Kansas Constitution prohibiting both gay marriage and civil unions in April 2005. Same-sex marriage (also referred to as gay marriage) is a term for a legally or Socially recognized Marriage between two people of the same A civil union is a legally recognized union similar to Marriage. (The vote against the amendment was primarily in the city of Lawrence; outside the city, the amendment carried in the rest of Douglas County. ) Lawrence has an active chapter of the Kansas Equality Coalition, which persuaded the city commission to approve a domestic partner registry on May 22, 2007. The Kansas Equality Coalition is a statewide LGBT rights organization whose mission is to end discrimination based on Sexual orientation and gender identity and expression Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The registry, which took effect Aug. 1, provides unmarried couples -- both same-sex and other-sex -- some recognition by the city for legal purposes. At the request of the city commission, the Kansas Attorney General reviewed the ordinance before it was enacted; he concluded that the ordinance did not violate the state constitutional ban on same-sex marriage and recommended that the registry be available only to Lawrence residents. In most Common law jurisdictions the Attorney General, or Attorney-General, is the main legal advisor to the government and in some jurisdictions may in addition [5]

Lawrence also features many characteristics of a college town, such as a radical library and infoshop, two microbreweries, a half dozen locally owned coffeehouses, and a law prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. An infoshop is a storefront or Social center that serves as a node for the distribution of Anarchist information typically in the form of books Zines, A microbrewery, or craft brewery, is a modern Brewery which produces a limited amount of beer usually with an orientation toward distinctive and flavorful products The city is known for a thriving music and art scene; Rolling Stone named Lawrence one of the "best lil' college towns" in the country in its August 11, 2005, issue. Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. They had previously named the local commercial radio station, KLZR 105. KLZR-FM is a Radio station in Lawrence Kansas, broadcasting to the Topeka Kansas area on 105 9 FM, as one of a top ten "Stations that Didn't Suck" in 1998. The station, which was independently owned at that time, was soon after sold to corporate buyers and the format changed to Top 40. The Top Forty or Top 40 is a music industry shorthand for the currently most-popular songs in a particular genre. KJHK 90. KJHK 907 FM is a Campus radio station located in Lawrence Kansas at the University of Kansas. 7 FM, the University of Kansas's student-run radio station, is a staple of the local music scene. It won a CMJ award in 2006 for "most improved station" and was nominated for a Plug Award for best college radio station in 2007. The New York Times said Lawrence had "the most vital music scene between Chicago and Denver" in a travel column on February 25, 2005. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Locally owned bar and music venue "The Replay Lounge" was named one of GQ magazines top 25 bars/venues in the country in 2007. The Replay is known to locals for pinball machines, Pabst Blue Ribbon beer, music and a heated outside smoking area that is one of the largest in the city. (The city code of Lawrence bans smoking inside all public places. )

The Wakarusa Music and Camping Festival is a four-day weekend music festival held annually in early June just outside Lawrence at Clinton State Park. Wakarusa Music and Camping Festival is a four-day weekend Music festival held annually in early June just outside of Lawrence, Kansas at Clinton State A music festival is a Festival oriented towards Music that is sometimes presented with a theme such as Musical genre, Nationality or locality Clinton State Park is a State park in Douglas County, Kansas, United States, located 4 miles west of Lawrence. After its inception in 2004, the festival had grown dramatically by 2006, with almost 60,000 tickets sold, while developing a nationwide following that accounted for 80% of ticket sales. The festival is known for an eclectic mix of music, featuring artists like The Flaming Lips, Wilco, STS9, Medeski, Martin and Wood, Neko Case, and Widespread Panic, to name a few. The Flaming Lips (formed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in 1983 is an American rock band Wilco is an American rock band based in Chicago, Illinois. The band was formed in 1994 by the remaining members of Alternative country group STS9 ( Sound Tribe Sector 9) is an Instrumental band who are known for their live performances Medeski Martin & Wood (or MMW) is an American Jazz trio formed in 1991 consisting of John Medeski on keyboards and Piano Neko Case (ˈniːkoʊ ˈkeɪs (born September 8, 1970 in Alexandria Virginia) is an American Alternative country Singer-songwriter Widespread Panic is a rock 'n' roll band from Athens Georgia. The event is kept smaller than other festivals such as Bonnaroo by an agreement with the state. The Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival is a four-day annual Music festival, created and produced by Superfly Productions and AC Entertainment, first held in 2002 [6] Activities other than music include disc golf, yoga, hiking, and swimming in Clinton Lake. Disc golf (also called Frisbee Golf is a disc game in which individual players throw a Flying disc into a basket or at a target Yoga ( Sanskrit: योग, IAST: yóga, joːgə refers to traditional physical and mental disciplines originating in India, to the The word 'hiking' is understood in all English-speaking countries but there are differences in usage Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance Clinton Lake is a man-made Lake on the southwestern edge of Lawrence Kansas.

In recent years the North vs. South Music Festival has become a staple of the music scene. Held each August to coincide with the anniversary of Quantrill's Raid, North vs. South is billed as a friendly reenactment of that famous Civil War battle and features upward of four dozen independent rock bands hailing mostly from Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Austin, Texas.

Each May, Lawrence hosts the Art in the Park festival in South Park.

Lawrence's culture isn't just political activism and the arts; the town is famous for the University of Kansas's athletic teams as well. The perennially highly-ranked (and 1988, 2008 NCAA Champions) Kansas Jayhawks basketball team is closely followed by many residents during the winter, and the school's football team has reached bowl eligibility in four of the past five years, including a 12-1 record in the 2007 season (the best in school history) and a victory in the Orange Bowl. The sports teams at the University of Kansas are The Orange Bowl is an annual College football game that is usually played the first week in January in the Miami Florida metro area in the United States The city honored the university's mascot, the Jayhawk, in 2003 when 30 statues of Jayhawks were commissioned by the Lawrence Convention and Visitors Bureau; these can be seen throughout the city as part of an art installation called "Jayhawks on Parade. The sports teams at the University of Kansas are "

Education

Post-Secondary

The University of Kansas is the largest public university in the state with a total enrollment of just under 30,000 including the Medical Center. The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU or just Kansas) is a public research university with campuses located in Lawrence, Kansas City A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects It has over 170 fields of study and the nationally known Kansas Jayhawks athletics programs. The sports teams at the University of Kansas are

Haskell Indian Nations University offers free tuition to members of registered Native American tribes. Haskell Indian Nations University is a four year degree granting University in Lawrence Kansas, which offers post-high school education to members of registered It has an average enrollment of more than 1,000 students representing all 50 states and 150 tribes. Haskell is the home of the American Indian Athletic Hall of Fame and the Haskell Cultural Center.

Pinnacle Career Institute offers students career training programs in several different fields. Pinnacle Career Institute is a career college with locations in Lawrence, Kansas and Kansas City, Missouri.

K-12 schools

New York Elementary
New York Elementary

The Lawrence Public Schools USD 497 system includes sixteen public grade schools, four junior high schools: Central, West, South, and Southwest, and two high schools: Lawrence High School and Lawrence Free State High School. Middle school or Junior High School serves as a "bridge" between the Elementary School and the High School The athletic teams of the former are nicknamed the Chesty Lions, and those of the latter are the Firebirds. Both schools are Class 6A in enrollment size, and Lawrence High School leads the State of Kansas in most state championships won, with 103 championships. The Lawrence High School football team also leads the nation with most undefeated seasons at 31, though all of these occurred before Free State High School came into existence. The junior highs are Central, South, West, and Southwest. Private high schools include Bishop Seabury Academy, which is affiliated with the Episcopal Church, and the non-denominational Veritas Christian School. About the School Bishop Seabury Academy is a private co-educational Episcopal junior high and high school (grades 7-12 in Lawrence Kansas. There is also St. John Catholic School, which teaches grades 1 through 6 and is funded by the Catholic communities of Lawrence and Corpus Christi Catholic School. Raintree Montessori School is a secular private school which teaches preschool through grade 6. The Prairie Moon School is a Waldorf school near Lawrence. Waldorf education (also known as Steiner or Steiner-Waldorf education is a Pedagogy based upon the Educational philosophy of Rudolf Steiner, the founder

Transportation

The T
The T

Sites of interest

Downtown Lawrence, in particular Massachusetts Street, has a lively atmosphere and is filled with restaurants, bars, galleries, shops and music venues. The Lawrence Amtrak station is a train station near downtown Lawrence, Kansas, United States served by Amtrak, the national railroad passenger

Bowersock Power
Bowersock Power

Bowersock Dam provides hydropower to riverfront businesses like the Lawrence Journal-World. Hydropower, hydraulic power or water power is power that is derived from the Force or Energy of moving water which may The Lawrence Journal-World is a daily newspaper published in Lawrence, Kansas by The World Company

Kansas students celebrate the Jayhawks' victory in the 2008 Final Four on Massachusetts Street.
Kansas students celebrate the Jayhawks' victory in the 2008 Final Four on Massachusetts Street. The 2008 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament involved 65 schools playing in a Single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA

The University of Kansas campus is home to many museums, including the KU Natural History Museum [2] and the Spencer Museum of Art [3]. The University of Kansas Natural History Museum is part of the University of Kansas Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center which is itself part of The Helen Foresman Spencer Museum of Art, or SMA is an art museum on the campus of University of Kansas in Lawrence Kansas. The Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics houses various artifacts from the life of the former Kansas Senator. Robert Joseph "Bob" Dole (born July 22 1923 is an attorney and retired United States Senator from Kansas from 1969–1996 serving part of that time Another site of interest is the Lawrence Arts Center. It has daytime activities, organized plays and acts, and an art gallery filled with artwork created by the townspeople. Artwork, theater, and other related activities are some of the biggest parts of Lawrence.

Clinton Lake is approximately three miles (5 km) southwest of Lawrence and has areas for boating, swimming, fishing, and camping. Clinton Lake is a man-made Lake on the southwestern edge of Lawrence Kansas.

There are a variety of mountain biking venues, including the trails at Clinton Lake, and the river trails by the Kansas River. The Kansas River (also known as the Kaw) is a River in northeastern Kansas in the United States.

Sister cities

Lawrence has two sister cities through Sister Cities International:

Lawrence has one sister city through "US-El Salvador Sister Cities":

Lawrence in the Media

Media outlets

Internet Providors
Broadcast television
Broadcast radio
Newspapers

See also

References

  1. ^ a b American FactFinder. This is a list of notable natives and residents who were born or spent important time in the City of Lawrence Kansas. United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  2. ^ US Board on Geographic Names. United States Geological Survey (2007-10-25). The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  3. ^ http://www.ci.lawrence.ks.us/planning/documents/AnnualReport2007.pdf
  4. ^ US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990. United States Census Bureau (2005-05-03). The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  5. ^ LJWorld.com / A.G. approves Lawrence domestic partnership registry
  6. ^ "Wakarusa Officials Reflect On Event", Lawrence Journal-World, 2005-06-24. The Lawrence Journal-World is a daily newspaper published in Lawrence, Kansas by The World Company Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Retrieved on 2007-04-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian  
  7. ^ Mount Oread’s name precedes that of city, Lawrence Journal-World, 2004-09-13. The Lawrence Journal-World is a daily newspaper published in Lawrence, Kansas by The World Company "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Accessed 2007-09-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a
  8. ^ Mathis, Joel. "Lawrence pinpointed as center of Google Earth", The Lawrence Journal-World, 2005-12-21. The Lawrence Journal-World is a daily newspaper published in Lawrence, Kansas by The World Company Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people  
  9. ^ Lawrence is the center of the world for more than Jayhawk fans : The University Daily Kansan

External links

A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.
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