| Laurasiatheria Fossil range: Late Cretaceous - Recent |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Giant golden-crowned flying fox (Acerodon jubatus)
|
||||||||
| Scientific classification | ||||||||
|
||||||||
| Orders | ||||||||
Laurasiatheria is a clade of rank cohort or super-order, within the Placentalia (living) or Eutheria (Placentals and their extinct ancestors) infraclass of mammals, based on DNA sequence analyses and Retrotransposon presence/absence data. This article is about the taxonomic rank for the sequence of species in a taxonomic list see Taxonomic order In scientific classification used Erinaceidae is the only living family in the order of the Erinaceomorpha. The order Soricomorpha ("shrew-form" is a biological Clade within the class of Mammals In previous years it formed a significant Cetartiodactyla is the Clade to which Whales (including Dolphins and Even-toed ungulates have currently been placed The Order Cetacea (sɪˈteɪʃiə L cetus, whale includes Whales Dolphins and Porpoises Cetus is The even-toed ungulates form the Mammal order Artiodactyla. They are Ungulates whose weight is borne (if they have more than two toes about The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and Grazing Mammals which compose the order Perissodactyla. Ferae is a Clade of Mammals consisting of the orders Carnivora (over 260 species across the globe and Pholidota (8 species of pangolin The diverse order Carnivora (kɑrˈnɪvərə or sometimes /ˌkɑrnɪˈvɔərə/ from Latin carō (stem carn-) "flesh" + vorāre A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor See also Evolution of mammals Eutheria ("true beast" are a group of Mammals consisting of Placental mammals plus all extinct Mammals See also Evolution of mammals Eutheria ("true beast" are a group of Mammals consisting of Placental mammals plus all extinct Mammals Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands Retrotransposons (also called transposons via RNA intermediates are genetic elements that can amplify themselves in a Genome and are ubiquitous components of the Retrotransposon markers are Retrotransposons that are used as cladistic markers The name comes from the theory that these mammals evolved on the supercontinent of Laurasia, after it split from Gondwana when Pangaea broke up. In Geology, a supercontinent is a Landmass comprising more than one Continental core or Craton. Laurasia (lɔˈreɪʃiə lɔˈreɪʒə was a Supercontinent that most recently existed as a part of the split of the Pangaean supercontinent in the late Mesozoic Gondwana (ɡɒnˈdwɑːnə originally Gondwanaland) was a southern Supercontinent that existed about 500 to 200 Ma ago Pangaea, Pangæa or Pangea (pænˈdʒiːə from παν pan, meaning entire, and Γαῖα Gaea, meaning Earth in It is a sister group to Euarchontoglires (Supraprimates) and Afrotheria. The Euarchontoglires (synonymous with Supraprimates) are a Mammalian superorder based on molecular genetic sequence analyses and Retrotransposon presence/absence The Euarchontoglires (synonymous with Supraprimates) are a Mammalian superorder based on molecular genetic sequence analyses and Retrotransposon presence/absence Afrotheria is a Clade of Mammals with the rank of Superorder or Cohort, containing (among others the Golden moles Elephant shrews It includes the following extant orders:
- Erinaceomorpha: hedgehogs and gymnures
- Soricomorpha: moles, shrews, solenodons (cosmopolitan)
- Cetartiodactyla: cosmopolitan; includes former orders Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises) and Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates, including pigs, hippopotamus, camels, giraffe, deer, antelope, cattle, sheep, goats)
- Pegasoferae:
- Pholidota: pangolins or scaly anteaters (Africa, South Asia)
- Chiroptera: bats (cosmopolitan)
- Carnivora: carnivores (cosmopolitan)
- Perissodactyla: odd-toed ungulates
Within the Laurasiatheria, the Erinaceomorpha appears (surprisingly) to be the most divergent branch. Extant is a term commonly used to refer to Taxa (such as Species, genera or families) that are still in existence (living Erinaceidae is the only living family in the order of the Erinaceomorpha. The order Soricomorpha ("shrew-form" is a biological Clade within the class of Mammals In previous years it formed a significant Cetartiodactyla is the Clade to which Whales (including Dolphins and Even-toed ungulates have currently been placed The Order Cetacea (sɪˈteɪʃiə L cetus, whale includes Whales Dolphins and Porpoises Cetus is The even-toed ungulates form the Mammal order Artiodactyla. They are Ungulates whose weight is borne (if they have more than two toes about Pegasoferae is a recently proposed Superorder of Mammals based on genomic research in Molecular systematics by Nishihara Hasegawa and Okada The diverse order Carnivora (kɑrˈnɪvərə or sometimes /ˌkɑrnɪˈvɔərə/ from Latin carō (stem carn-) "flesh" + vorāre The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and Grazing Mammals which compose the order Perissodactyla. Some studies link the Perissodactyla and Ferae in a clade Zooamata; others link Perissodactyla and Cetartiodactyla in a clade of true ungulates. Zooamata is a proposed Clade of Mammals consisting of Ferae (carnivores and Pangolins and Perissodactyla (odd-toed Ungulates Ungulates (meaning roughly "being Hoofed quot or "hoofed animal" are several groups of Mammals most of which use the tips of their toes usually Neither clade is well supported.
Laurasiatheria is also posited to include several extinct orders and superorders:
Cladogram
| Laurasiatheria |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- William J. Meridiungulata is a clade with the rank of cohort or super-order possibly part of Laurasiatheria, containing the South-American Ungulates Pyrotheria Condylarthra is an order of extinct Placental Mammals known primarily from the Paleocene and Eocene epochs Dinocerata ("terrible horn" mammals are an Extinct order of plant-eating, Rhinoceros -like hoofed creatures famous for their paired horns Mesonychia ("Middle Claws quot are an extinct order of medium to large-sized carnivorous mammals that were closely related to Artiodactyls (even-toed Cimolesta (from Greek literally "White Clay Thieves" is an extinct order of Mammals A few experts place the Pangolins within Cimolesta though The creodonts are an Extinct order of Mammals that lived from the Paleocene to the Miocene epochs The order Insectivora (from Latin insectum "insect" and vorare "to eat" is a now-abandoned biological grouping within the Ferungulata is traditionally a Clade with the rank of Cohort within the Placental Mammals Established by George Gaylord Simpson in Pegasoferae is a recently proposed Superorder of Mammals based on genomic research in Molecular systematics by Nishihara Hasegawa and Okada Zooamata is a proposed Clade of Mammals consisting of Ferae (carnivores and Pangolins and Perissodactyla (odd-toed Ungulates Ferae is a Clade of Mammals consisting of the orders Carnivora (over 260 species across the globe and Pholidota (8 species of pangolin The diverse order Carnivora (kɑrˈnɪvərə or sometimes /ˌkɑrnɪˈvɔərə/ from Latin carō (stem carn-) "flesh" + vorāre The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and Grazing Mammals which compose the order Perissodactyla. Cetartiodactyla is the Clade to which Whales (including Dolphins and Even-toed ungulates have currently been placed Murphy, Eduardo Eizirik, Mark S. Springer et al. , Resolution of the Early Placental Mammal Radiation Using Bayesian Phylogenetics,Science, Vol 294, Issue 5550, 2348-2351, 14 December 2001.
- Jan Ole Kriegs, Gennady Churakov, Martin Kiefmann, Ursula Jordan, Juergen Brosius, Juergen Schmitz. (2006) Retroposed Elements as Archives for the Evolutionary History of Placental Mammals. PLoS Biol 4(4): e91. [1] (pdf version)
- Kitazoe Y, Kishino H, Waddell PJ, Nakajima N, Okabayashi T, et al (2007) "Robust Time Estimation Reconciles Views of the Antiquity of Placental Mammals. " PLoS ONE 2(4): e384. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000384
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic