Latin literature - Citizendia

History of Literature
Bronze Age literature: Sumerian Egyptian Assyro-Babylonian
Classical literatures: Chinese Greek Latin Pahlavi Pali Sanskrit Syriac Tamil
Medieval literature Anglo-Saxon Arabic Byzantine French German Hebrew Indian Irish Italian Japanese Kannada Nepal Bhasa Norse Persian Welsh
Early Modern literature Renaissance literature Baroque literature
Modern literature 18th century 19th century 20th century

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Latin literature, the body of written works in the Latin language, remains an enduring legacy of the culture of ancient Rome. The history of literature is the historical development of Writings in Prose or Poetry which attempt to provide Entertainment, enlightenment The History of literature begins with the History of writing, in Bronze Age Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, although the oldest literary Sumerian literature is the oldest literature in the worldThe Sumerians invented the first writing system beginning with cuneiform Logograms Ancient Egyptian literature comprises texts written in the Egyptian language during the pharaonic period of Egypt. Babylonian literature is one of the world's oldest Drawing on the traditions of Sumerian literature, the Babylonians compiled a vast textual tradition of mythological A classical language, is a language with a Literature that is "classical"&mdashie "it should be ancient it should be an independent tradition that arose mostly Chinese classic texts or Chinese canonical texts ( refer to the pre- Qin Chinese texts especially the Confucian Four Books and Five Classics Ancient Greek literature refers to Literature written in the Greek language until the 4th century AD Middle Persian literature is Persian literature of the 1st millennium AD, especially of the Sassanid period Pali literature is concerned mainly with Theravada Buddhism, of which Pali is the traditional language Literature in Sanskrit begins with the Vedas, and continues with the Sanskrit Epics of Iron Age India; the golden age of Classical Syriac literature is Literature written in the Syriac language, an eastern Aramaic language. Sangam literature refers to a body of classical Tamil literature created between the years 300 BCE and 600 CE Medieval literature is a broad subject encompassing essentially all written works available in Europe beyond and during the Middle Ages (encompassing the one thousand Anglo-Saxon literature (or Old English literature) encompasses Literature written in Anglo-Saxon (Old English during the 600-year Anglo-Saxon Arabic literature ( Arabic: الأدب العربي Al-Adab Al-Arabi) is the writing produced both Prose and Poetry, by speakers Byzantine literature may be defined as the Greek literature of the Middle Ages, whether written in the territory of the Byzantine Empire or outside Medieval French literature is for the purpose of this article Literature written in Oïl languages (particularly Old French and early Middle Medieval German literature refers to Literature written in Germany stretching from the Carolingian dynasty; various dates have been given for the end of the See also Israeli literature. Hebrew literature consists of ancient medieval and modern writings in the Hebrew language. Indian literature is generally acknowledged as one of the oldest in the world The earliest Irish authors It is unclear when literacy first came to Ireland This is a list of Japanese classic texts. These classical works of Japanese literature are grouped by genres in a chronological order Kannada literature is the body of literature of Kannada, a Dravidian language spoken mainly in the Indian state of Karnataka and written in the Nepal Bhasa literature refers to Literature in Nepal Bhasa History Nepal Bhasa has a long history as regards literature Old Norse literature refers to the vernacular literature of the Scandinavian peoples up to ca Persian literature ( spans two and a half millennia though much of the pre- Islamic material has been lost Mediaeval Welsh literature is the literature written in the Welsh language during the Middle Ages. The History of literature of the Early Modern period ( 16th, 17th and partly 18th century literature) Renaissance Literature refers to the period in European literature, which began in Italy during the 15th century and spread around Europe through Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc The History of literature in the Modern period in Europe begins with the Age of Enlightenment and the conclusion of the Baroque period in the 18th century See also 17th century in literature, other events of the 18th century, 19th century in literature, List of years in literature. See also 18th century in literature, other events of the 19th century, 20th century in literature, List of years in literature. See also 19th century in literature, other events of the 20th century, 21st century in literature, List of years in literature. Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Endless such activities were also conducted in other cities under ancient Rome Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC The Romans produced many works of poetry, comedy, tragedy, satire, history, and rhetoric, drawing heavily on the traditions of other cultures and particularly on the more matured literary tradition of Greece. Greek literature refers to those writings autochthonic to the areas of Greek influence typically though not necessarily in one of the Greek dialects throughout the Long after the Western Roman Empire had fallen, the Latin language continued to play a central role in western European civilization.

Latin literature is conventionally divided into distinct periods. Few works remain of Early and Old Latin; among these few surviving works, however, are the plays of Plautus and Terence, which have remained very popular in all eras down to the present, while many other Latin works, including many by the most prominent authors of the Classical period, have disappeared, sometimes being re-discovered after centuries, sometimes not. Old Latin (also called Early Latin or Archaic Latin) refers to the Latin language in the period before the age of Classical Latin; that is all Titus Maccius Plautus (c 254–184 BCE commonly known as Plautus, was a Roman Playwright. Publius Terentius Afer (195/185&ndash159 BC better known as Terence, was a Playwright of the Roman Republic. Such lost works sometimes survive as fragments in other works which have survived, but others are known from references in such works as Pliny the Elder's Naturalis Historia or the De Architectura of Vitruvius. A lost work is a document or literary work produced some time in the past of which no surviving copies are known to exist Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, ( AD 23 – August 25, AD 79 better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient Author Naturalis Historia ( Latin for "Natural History" is an Encyclopedia written Circa AD 77 by Pliny the Elder. De architectura ( Latin: "On architecture" is a treatise on Architecture written by the Roman Architect Vitruvius Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (born c 80–70 BC died after c 15 BC was a Roman Writer, Architect and Engineer (possibly praefectus fabrum

Classical Latin

Marcus Tullius Cicero

The period of Classical Latin, when Latin literature is widely considered to have reached its peak, is divided into the Golden Age, which covers approximately the period from the start of the 1st century BCE up to the mid-1st century CE, and the Silver Age, which extends into the 2nd century CE. Classical Latin is the form of the Latin language used by the ancient Romans in what is usually regarded as "classical" Latin literature. Classical Latin is the form of the Latin language used by the ancient Romans in what is usually regarded as "classical" Latin literature. The 1st century BC started the first day of 100 BC and ended the last day of 1 BC. The 1st century was the Century that lasted from 1 to 100 according the Julian calendar. Classical Latin is the form of the Latin language used by the ancient Romans in what is usually regarded as "classical" Latin literature. Literature written after the mid-2nd century has often been disparaged and ignored; in the Renaissance, for example, when many Classical authors were re-discovered and their style consciously imitated. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Above all, Cicero was imitated, and his style praised as the perfect pinnacle of Latin. Marcus Tullius Cicero ( Classical Latin ˈkikeroː usually ˈsɪsərəʊ in English January 3, 106 BC &ndash December 7, 43 BC was a Roman Medieval Latin was often dismissed as "Dog-Latin"; but in fact, many great works of Latin literature were produced throughout Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, although they are no longer as widely known as those written in the Classical period. Three works survived to inspire architects and engineers in the Renaissance, the Naturalis Historia of Pliny the Elder, the books by Frontinus on the aqueducts of Rome and the De Architectura of Vitruvius. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Naturalis Historia ( Latin for "Natural History" is an Encyclopedia written Circa AD 77 by Pliny the Elder. Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, ( AD 23 – August 25, AD 79 better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient Author Sextus Julius Frontinus (ca 40-103 AD was one of the most distinguished Roman aristocrats of the late first century AD but is best known to the post-Classical world as an Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 De architectura ( Latin: "On architecture" is a treatise on Architecture written by the Roman Architect Vitruvius Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (born c 80–70 BC died after c 15 BC was a Roman Writer, Architect and Engineer (possibly praefectus fabrum

The Medieval World

For most of the Medieval era, Latin was the dominant written language in use in western Europe. After the Roman Empire split into its Western and Eastern halves, Greek, which had been widely used all over the Empire, faded from use in the West, all the more so as the political and religious distance steadily grew between the Catholic West and the Orthodox, Greek East. The vernacular languages in the West, the languages of modern-day western Europe, developed for centuries as spoken languages only: most people did not write, and it seems that it very seldom occurred to those who wrote to write in any language other than Latin, even when they spoke French or Italian or English or another vernacular in their daily life. Very gradually, in the late Middle Ages and the early Renaissance, it became more and more common to write in the Western vernaculars. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere

Naturalis Historia, 1669 edition, title page.

It was probably only after the invention of printing, which made books and pamphlets cheap enough that a mass public could afford them, and which made possible modern phenomena such as the newspaper, that a large number of people in the West could read and write who were not fluent in Latin. Still, many people continued to write in Latin, although they were mostly from the upper classes and/or professional academics. As late as the 17th century, there was still a large audience for Latin poetry and drama; no-one found it strange, for example, that, besides his works in English, Milton wrote many poems in Latin, or that Francis Bacon or Baruch Spinoza wrote mostly in Latin. John Milton ( 9 December, 1608 – 8 November, 1674) was an English Poet, Prose Polemicist and Francis Bacon 1st Viscount St Alban KC QC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626 was an English Philosopher, Statesman, and author Baruch or Benedict de Spinoza (ברוך שפינוזה Bento de Espinosa Benedictus de Spinoza ( November 24, 1632 – February 21, The use of Latin as a lingua franca continued in smaller European lands until the 19th century.

Although the number of works of fiction and poetry, history and philosophy written in Latin has continued to dwindle, the Latin language is still not dead. Well into the nineteenth century, some knowledge of Latin was required for admission into many universities, and theses and dissertations written for graduate degrees were often required to be written in Latin. Treatises in chemistry and biology and other natural sciences were often written in Latin as late as the early 20th century. Up to the present day, the editors of Latin and Greek texts in such series as the Oxford Classical Texts, the Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana and some others still write the introductions to their editions in polished and vital Latin. Oxford Classical Texts (OCTs or Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis, is a series of books published by Oxford University Press. Among these Latin scholars of the 20th and 21st centuries are R A B Mynors, R J Tarrant, L D Reynolds and John Brisco.

Early Latin literature

Main article: Old Latin

Plautus - Captivi, Aulularia

Terence - Adelphoe

Prose

Cato - De Agri Cultura, Origines

Twelve Tables

Satire

Gaius Lucilius

Golden Age of Latin literature

Main article: Classical Latin

Poetry

Virgil's bust, on his tomb in Naples. Old Latin (also called Early Latin or Archaic Latin) refers to the Latin language in the period before the age of Classical Latin; that is all Quintus Ennius (239 - 169 BC was a writer during the period of the Roman Republic, and is often considered the father of Roman Poetry. Lucius Livius Andronicus (280/260 BC?&ndash200 BC? not to be confused with the later historian Livy, was a Greco-Roman Dramatist and epic poet Lucius Accius (170 - c 86 BC or Lucius Attius, was a Roman tragic Poet and literary scholar Marcus Pacuvius (ca 220-130 BC was the greatest of the Tragic poets of Ancient Rome prior to Lucius Accius. Caecilius Statius, or Statius Caecilius (died 168 (or 166 BC was a Roman comic Poet. Gnaeus Naevius (ca 264 &ndash 201 BC was a Roman epic Poet and Dramatist. Titus Maccius Plautus (c 254–184 BCE commonly known as Plautus, was a Roman Playwright. Captivi is a Latin play Aulularia is a Latin play Publius Terentius Afer (195/185&ndash159 BC better known as Terence, was a Playwright of the Roman Republic. Adelphoe, also written Adelphoi and Adelphi ( English: The brothers) is a play by Terence, a Roman Marcus Porcius Cato ( Latin: M·PORCIVS·M·F·CATO (234 BC Tusculum &ndash149 BC was a Roman statesman surnamed the Censor De Agri Cultura ( On Farming or On Agriculture) written by Cato the Elder, is the oldest surviving work of Latin prose Origines ("Origins" is the title of a historical work by Marcus Porcius Cato commonly known as Cato the Elder. The Law of the Twelve Tables ( Lex Duodecim Tabularum, more informally simply Duodecim Tabulae) was the ancient Legislation that stood at the foundation Gaius Lucilius (c 180 BC - 103 BC the earliest Roman satirist, of whose writings only fragments remain was born at Suessa Aurunca in Campania. Classical Latin is the form of the Latin language used by the ancient Romans in what is usually regarded as "classical" Latin literature. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the

Appendix Vergiliana

Catullus - Carmina, including Catullus 1, Catullus 2, Catullus 4, Catullus 5, Catullus 16, Catullus 101

Grattius

Horace - Sermonum liber primus, Odes

Lucretius - On the Nature of Things

Ovid - Ars Amatoria, Metamorphoses, Amores

Propertius

Sulpicia

Tibullus

Virgil - Georgics, Aeneid

Prose

Bust of Julius Caesar in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

Cicero - Catiline Orations, Pro Milone, De re publica, De Officiis, Pro Archia Poeta

Commentariolum Petitionis

De Bello Africo

De Bello Alexandrino

De Bello Hispaniensis

Julius Caesar - Commentarii de Bello Gallico

Marcus Terentius Varro

Publilius Syrus

Augustus - Res Gestae Divi Augusti

Rhetorica ad Herennium

Vitruvius - De Architectura

History

Cornelius Nepos

Livy - Ab Urbe condita

Sallust

Silver Age of Latin literature

Poetry

Gaius Valerius Flaccus

Hadrian

Laus Pisonis

Lucan - Pharsalia

Marcus Manilius

Publius Annius Florus

Silius Italicus

Statius - Thebaid

Titus Calpurnius Siculus

Prose

Pliny the Elder: an imaginative 19th Century portrait. No contemporary depiction of Pliny has survived.

Pliny the Elder: an imaginative 19th Century portrait. The Appendix Vergiliana is a collection of writings traditionally ascribed as Juvenilia of Virgil, although there are general doubts as to their authorship For persons with a Cognomen "Catulus" see Lutatius Gaius Valerius Catullus (ca The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic Catullus 1 is traditionally arranged first among the poems of the Roman poet Catullus, though it was not necessarily the first poem that he wrote Catullus 2 is a renowned poem by the Roman poet Gaius Valerius Catullus ( c. Catullus 4 is a poem by the ancient Roman writer Catullus. The poem concerns the retirement of a well-traveled ship Catullus draws a strong analogy with human aging rendering Catullus 5 is a passionate and perhaps the most famous poem by Catullus. Catullus 16 is famous among Catullus 's Carmina because it is so sexually explicit that a full English translation was not openly published until the late twentieth Catullus 101 is an Elegy poem written by the Roman poet Gaius Valerius Catullus. Grattius, Roman poet, of the age of Augustus, was the Author of Cynegetica, a poem on Hunting, of which 541 Hexameters remain Quintus Horatius Flaccus, ( Venosa, December 8, 65 BC - Rome, November 27, 8 BC known in the English-speaking world as Horace Sermonum Liber primus (also known as "Satires I" is a collection of ten satirical poems written by the Roman poet Horace. The Odes (Latin Carmina) are a collection in four books of Latin lyric poems by Horace. Titus Lucretius Carus (ca 99 BC- ca 55 BC was a Roman Poet and Philosopher. On the Nature of Things (Latin De rerum natura) is a first century BC Poem by the Roman Poet and Philosopher Publius Ovidius Naso ( March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD was a Roman poet known to the English -speaking world as Ovid who wrote on many topics including The Metamorphoses by the Roman poet Ovid is a narrative poem Amores is Ovid 's first completed book published in 16 BC. Amores was written in the elegiac distich. Sextus Aurelius Propertius was a Latin elegiac poet born around 50-45 BCE in Mevania (although other cities in the region of Umbria claim Sulpicia was the name of two Roman women reputed in antiquity as Poets Sulpicia I The earlier Sulpicia is the only known woman from Ancient Albius Tibullus (ca 54-19 BC was a Latin Poet and writer of elegies. Publius Vergilius Maro ( October 15, 70 BCE &ndash September 21, 19 BCE later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or The Georgics, published in 29 BCE, is the second major work by the Latin poet Virgil. For the group of nine Ancient Egyptian deities see Ennead. The Aeneid (əˈniːɪd in The Kunsthistorisches Museum ( English: "Museum of Art History" in Vienna, housed in its festive palatial building on Ringstraße, crowned Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Marcus Tullius Cicero ( Classical Latin ˈkikeroː usually ˈsɪsərəʊ in English January 3, 106 BC &ndash December 7, 43 BC was a Roman The Catiline Orations or Catilinarian Orations were speeches given in 63 BC by Marcus Tullius Cicero, the Consul The Pro Tito Annio Milone ad iudicem oratio ( Pro Milone) is a speech made by Marcus Tullius Cicero on behalf of his friend Titus Annius Milo. De re publica ( On the commonwealth, see below) is a dialogue by Cicero, written in six Books between 54 and De Officiis ( On Duties or On Obligations) is an Essay by Marcus Tullius Cicero divided into three books where Pro Archia Poeta is Marcus Tullius Cicero 's oration in the defense of Aulus Licinas Archias, a poet accused of not being a Roman citizen. Commentariolum Petitionis ("little handbook on electioneering" also known as De petitione consulatus ("on running for the Consulship" De Bello Africo (meaning On the War in Africa in Latin is part of the Caesarian corpus De Bello Alexandrino (meaning On the Alexandrine War in Latin is a book said to be written by Julius Caesar, though its authorship is heavily disputed De Bello Hispaniensi (meaning On the Hispanic War in Latin) is a book said to be written by Julius Caesar, though its authorship is heavily disputed Commentarii de Bello Gallico is Julius Caesar 's third-person account of his nine years of war in Gaul. Marcus Terentius Varro (116 BC &ndash 27 BC also known as Varro Reatinus to distinguish him from his younger contemporary Varro Atacinus, was a Roman Publilius (less correctly Publius) Syrus, a Latin writer of maxims flourished in the 1st century BC. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Res Gestae Divi Augusti, ( Latin: "The Deeds of the Divine Augustus" is the funerary inscription of the first Roman emperor, Augustus The Rhetorica ad Herennium may be the oldest surviving Latin book on Rhetoric. Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (born c 80–70 BC died after c 15 BC was a Roman Writer, Architect and Engineer (possibly praefectus fabrum De architectura ( Latin: "On architecture" is a treatise on Architecture written by the Roman Architect Vitruvius Cornelius Nepos (Κορνήλιος Νέπως in Ancient Greek literature (c Titus Livius (traditionally 59 BC &ndash AD 17 known as Livy in English, was a Roman historian who wrote a monumental history of Rome Ab Urbe condita (literally "from For the philosopher see Sallustius; for other uses see Sallust (disambiguation. Gaius Valerius Flaccus (died ca AD 90 was a Roman Poet who flourished in the " Silver Age " under the emperors Vespasian and Titus Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after The Laus Pisonis ( Praise of Piso) is a Latin verse Panegyric of the 1st century AD in praise of a man of the Piso family Marcus Annaeus Lucanus ( November 3, 39 AD – April 30, 65 AD better known in English as Lucan, was a Roman Pharsalia was also an ancient district in Greece in which Pharsalus was located Marcus Manilius (fl 1st century AD was a Roman Poet, Astrologer, and author of a poem in five books called Astronomica. Publius Annius Florus, Roman Poet and Rhetorician identified by some authorities with the historian Florus. Silius Italicus, in full Tiberius Catius Silius Italicus (25 or 26 - 101 was a Latin epic Poet. Publius Papinius Statius (ca 45-96 was a Roman Poet of the Silver Age of Latin literature, born in Naples, Italy. The Thebaid is an Epic poem composed by Statius in Latin during the silver age of Latin poetry in the late first century AD Titus Calpurnius, Roman bucolic poet surnamed Siculus from his birthplace or from his imitation of the style of the Sicilian Theocritus, most probably flourished No contemporary depiction of Pliny has survived.

Aulus Cornelius Celsus

Aulus Gellius

Apuleius - The Golden Ass

Columella

Petronius - Satyricon

Pliny the Elder - Natural History

Pliny the Younger

Quintilian

Sextus Julius Frontinus - De aquaeductu

Valerius Maximus

Satire

Juvenal - Saturae

Martial

Persius

Fables

Phaedrus

History

Florus

Marcus Velleius Paterculus

Quintus Curtius Rufus

Suetonius - On the Life of the Caesars

Tacitus - Agricola, Histories, Germania, Annals

Multiple Genres

Ancient bust of Seneca, part of a double herm (Antikensammlung Berlin)

Seneca - The Pumpkinification of Claudius, De Providentia, Ad Marciam de Consolatione, Oedipus

Latin Literature in the Late Antique period

Christians

Augustine of Hippo - The City of God, Confessions

Ausonius

Jerome - Vulgate

Marcus Minucius Felix

Paulinus of Pella

Prudentius - Psychomachia

Sidonius Apollinaris

Tertullian - Apologeticus

Non-Christians

Monument to Ausonius in Milan. Aulus Cornelius Celsus (ca 25 BC—ca 50 was a Roman encyclopedist and Physician. Aulus Gellius (ca 125 AD—after 180 AD Latin author and grammarian possibly of African origin probably born and certainly brought up at Rome. Apuleius should not be confused with Lucius Appuleius Saturninus, a Roman demagogue or with Pseudo-Apuleius, an author The Metamorphoses of Lucius Apuleius, which according to St Augustine was referred to as The Golden Ass ( Asinus aureus Lucius Iunius Moderatus Columella ( Gades, Hispania Baetica, AD 4 - ca Petronius (ca 27–66 was a Roman writer of the Neronian age he was a noted satirist. Satyricon (or Satyrica) is a Latin work of fiction in a mixture of prose and poetry Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, ( AD 23 – August 25, AD 79 better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient Author Naturalis Historia ( Latin for "Natural History" is an Encyclopedia written Circa AD 77 by Pliny the Elder. Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus, born Gaius Caecilius or Gaius Caecilius Cilo (61/63 - ca Marcus Fabius Quintilianus (ca 35 – ca 100 was a Roman Rhetorician from Hispania, widely referred to in medieval schools of rhetoric and Sextus Julius Frontinus (ca 40-103 AD was one of the most distinguished Roman aristocrats of the late first century AD but is best known to the post-Classical world as an De aquaeductu, in two books is an official report to the emperor on the state of the Aqueducts of Rome, and was written by Julius Sextus Frontinus Valerius Maximus was a Latin writer and author of a collection of historical anecdotes Decimus Iunius Iuvenalis, known in English as Juvenal, was a Roman Poet active in the late 1st and early 2nd century AD author of the The Marcus Valerius Martialis (known in English as Martial) (March 1 40 AD - ca Persius, in full Aulus Persius Flaccus ( Volterra, 34-62 was a Roman Poet and Satirist of Etruscan origin Phaedrus (c 15 BC – c AD 50) Roman Fabulist, was probably a Thracian slave born in Pydna of Macedonia (Roman province Florus, Roman Historian, lived in the time of Trajan and Hadrian. This article is about the Roman Historian; for the Rove beetle genus see Velleius Marcus Velleius Paterculus Quintus Curtius Rufus was a Roman historian who is generally thought to have written his works during the reign of Emperor Claudius (41-54 AD Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, commonly known as Suetonius (ca 69/75 &ndash after 130 was an equestrian and a historian during the Roman Empire. Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (ca 56 &ndash ca 117 was a senator and a Historian of the Roman Empire. The Agricola (full Latin title De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae, meaning About the life and character of Julius Agricola) is a book by the Histories ( Latin: Historiae) is a book by Tacitus, written c The Germania ( Latin title De Origine et situ Germanorum, English for the Origin and Situation of the Germans) written by Gaius The Annals, or in Latin, Annales, is a history book by Tacitus covering the reign of the four Roman Emperors succeeding The Antikensammlung Berlin (Berlin Antiquities collection is one of the most important collections of classical art in the world now held in the Altes Museum and Lucius Annaeus Seneca (often known simply as Seneca, or Seneca the Younger; Σένεκας in Ancient Greek literature (c The Pumpkinification of ( the Divine) Claudius or Apocolocyntosis (divi Claudii is a political satire on the Roman emperor Claudius De Providentia ("On Providence" is a short Essay in the form of a Dialogue in six brief sections written by the Latin Philosopher Ad Marciam de Consolatione ("To Marcia for Consolation" is a work by Seneca the Younger written around 50CE Oedipus is a tragic play that was written by Lucius Annaeus Seneca at some time during the 1st century CE Confessions ( Latin: Confessiones) is the name of an Autobiographical work consisting of 13 books by St This article is about the Roman poet Ausonius For John Ausonius the Swedish murderer see John Ausonius. Jerome (c 347 – September 30, 420) ( Latin: Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος The Vulgate is an early Fifth Century version of the Bible in Latin, and largely the result of the labours of Jerome, who was commissioned by Felix Marcus Minucius was one of the earliest if not the earliest of the Latin apologists for Christianity. Paulinus of Pella (born at Pella in Macedon, but of a Bordelaise family was a Christian poet of the fifth century Aurelius Prudentius Clemens was a Roman Christian Poet, born in the Roman Province of Tarraconensis (now Northern The Psychomachia ( Battle of Souls) by the Late Antique Latin Poet Prudentius is probably the first and most influential For the Franco-Irish saint see Sidonius of Saint-Saëns. Gaius Sollius (Modestus Apollinaris Sidonius or Saint Sidonius Apollinaris Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus, Anglicised as Tertullian, (ca Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy.

Ammianus Marcellinus

Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius

Augustan History

Distichs of Cato

Marcus Cornelius Fronto

Pervigilium Veneris

Rutilius Claudius Namatianus

Marcus Aurelius Olympius Nemesianus

Medieval Latin literature

Main article: Medieval Latin

Theology and Philosophy

Statue of Roger Bacon in the Oxford University Museum

Pierre Abélard

Aetheria

Albertus Magnus

Thomas Aquinas : Pange Lingua : Summa Theologica

Tommaso da Celano : Dies Iræ

Venantius Fortunatus

Walter of Châtillon

William of Occam

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius - Consolation of Philosophy

Poetry

The Archpoet

Carmina Burana

Goliards

Peter of Blois

Hildegard of Bingen

History

Depiction of Bede from the Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493. Amiricanus Gambilinus (325/330-after 391 was a fourth-century Roman historian. This article is about Macrobius the author for Macrobius the bishop of Seleucia and Calycadnum see Macrobius of Seleucia Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius The Augustan History ( Lat Historia Augusta) is a late Roman collection of biographies in Latin of the Roman Emperors their junior Avianus, a Latin writer of Fables placed by some critics in the age of the Antonines, by others as late as the 6th century AD. Claudian (lat Claudius Claudianus) was a court Poet to the Emperor Honorius and Stilicho. The Distichs of Cato ( Latin: Catonis Disticha, most famously known simply as Cato) is a Latin collection of proverbial wisdom and morality by For the Byzantine officer see also Eutropius (Byzantine official (396-397 For the grammarian see Aelius Herodianus. For the dynasty see Herodian Dynasty. Julius Obsequens was a Roman writer who is believed to have lived in the middle of the fourth century AD Marcus Cornelius Fronto ( c 100 - 170) Roman grammarian rhetorician and advocate was born at Cirta in Numidia. Pervigilium Veneris, the Vigil of Venus, is a Latin Poem, probably written in the 4th century. Rutilius Claudius Namatianus (fl 5th century) was a Roman Poet, notable as the author of a Latin poem De Reditu Suo, in Elegiac Marcus Aurelius Olympius Nemesianus, Roman poet a native of Carthage, flourished about AD 283. Medieval Latin was the form of Latin used in the Middle Ages, primarily as a medium of scholarly exchange and as the Liturgical language of the medieval The Oxford University Museum of Natural History, sometimes known simply as the Oxford University Museum, is a Museum displaying many of the University of Oxford's Pange Lingua may refer to either of two Mediaeval Latin hymns of the Roman Catholic Church Pange Lingua Gloriosi Proelium Certaminis - by Venantius Fortunatus The Summa Theologica (or the Summa Theologiae or simply the Summa, written 1265 &ndash 1274) is the most famous For the Nova Scotia premier see Roger Bacon (politician. Roger Bacon, O Saint Gildas (c 494 or 516 – c 570 was one of the best-documented figures of the Christian church in the British Isles during the sixth century Saint Gregory of Tours ( November 30, c 538 &ndash November 17, 594) was a Gallo-Roman historian and bishop of Tours Siger of Brabant ( Sigerus, Sighier, Sigieri or Sygerius de Brabantia; c Thomas of Celano (Tommaso da Celano c 1200 &ndash c 1260-1270 was an Italian Friar of the Franciscans (Order of Friars Minor a poet and the author Dies Irae (Day of Wrath is a famous thirteenth century Latin Hymn thought to be written by Thomas of Celano. Saint Venantius Fortunatus or Venantius Honorius Clementianus Fortunatus (c Walter of Châtillon ( Latin Gualterus de Castellione) was a 12th-century French writer and theologian who wrote in the Latin language William of Ockham (also Occam, Hockham, or any of several other spellings ˈɒkəm (c Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius (480&ndash524 or 525 was a Christian philosopher of the 6th century Consolation of Philosophy ( Consolatio Philosophiae) is a philosophical work by Boethius, written in about the year AD 524. The Archpoet, or Archipoeta, is a name given to the bibulous and boastful anonymous author of ten poems from Medieval Latin literature Carmina Burana (ˈkarmɪna buˈraːna also known as the Burana Codex, is a Manuscript collection found in 1803 in the Bavarian monastery of The Goliards were a group of Clergy who wrote bibulous satirical Latin Poetry in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Peter of Blois or Petrus Blesensis (c 1135 &ndash c 1203 was a French poet and diplomat who wrote in Latin. Hildegard of Bingen (Hildegard von Bingen Hildegardis Bingensis 1098 – 17 September 1179) also known as Blessed Hildegard and Saint Hildegard The Nuremberg Chronicle, written in Latin by Hartmann Schedel, with a version in German translation by Georg Alt is one of the best documented early printed books

William of Malmesbury

William of Tyre

Pseudo-History

Geoffrey of Monmouth

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Isidore of Seville : Etymologiæ

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Alcuin

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Main article: Renaissance Latin

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Elizabeth Jane Weston

Recent Latin

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Anna Elissa Radke

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Albert of Aix-la-Chapelle or Albert of Aachen (floruit circa AD 1100) Historian of the First Crusade, was born during the later part of the Bede (ˈbiːd (also Saint Bede, the Venerable Bede, or (from Latin Beda (beda (c Einhard (also Eginhard or Einhart) (c 775 &ndash March 14, 840 in Seligenstadt, Germany) was a Frankish Fulcher of Chartres (born around 1059 in or near Chartres) was a chronicler of the First Crusade. Matthew Paris (c 1200 &ndash 1259 was a Benedictine monk English chronicler, artist in Illuminated manuscripts and Cartographer Orderic Vitalis (1075&ndashc 1142 was an English chronicler who wrote one of the great contemporary Chronicles of 11th and 12th century Normandy and Otto von Freising ( Otto Frisingensis) (c 1114 in Klosterneuburg – September 22, 1158) was a German Bishop and chronicler Biography The education William received at Malmesbury Abbey included a smattering of Logic and Physics; Moral philosophy and History, This article is about the Archbishop/historian from the 1100s Geoffrey of Monmouth ( Gruffudd ap Arthur or Sieffre o Fynwy) (c Saint Isidore of Seville ( Spanish: es ''San Isidro'' or es ''San Isidoro de Sevilla'' Latin: latin ''Isidorus Hispalensis'' (c Etymologiae (or Origines, standard abbrev Orig) is an Encyclopedia compiled by Isidore of Seville (died Alcuin of York (Alcuinus or Ealhwine, nicknamed Albinus or Flaccus (c Renaissance Latin is a name given to the distinctive form of Latin style developed during the European Renaissance of the fourteenth to fifteenth centuries particularly Jean Buridan (in Latin, Johannes Buridanus; ca 1295 &ndash 1358 was a French Priest who sowed the seeds of the Copernican revolution Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535 from 1935 Saint Thomas More, was an English Lawyer, author and statesman who in his lifetime gained De Optimo Republicae Statu deque Nova Insula Utopia (translated On the Best State of a Republic and on the New Island of Utopia) or more simply Francesco Petrarca ( July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374) known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar William of Ockham (also Occam, Hockham, or any of several other spellings ˈɒkəm (c The term New Latin or Neo-Latin is used to describe a form the Latin language used between the end of the Medieval Latin period (c Francis Bacon 1st Viscount St Alban KC QC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626 was an English Philosopher, Statesman, and author Jacob Bidermann (1578-1627 was born in the village of Ehingen, about 30 miles southwest of Ulm. Thomas Hobbes (born 5 April 1588died 4 December 1679 was an English philosopher, whose famous 1651 book Leviathan established the foundation John Milton ( 9 December, 1608 – 8 November, 1674) was an English Poet, Prose Polemicist and Baruch or Benedict de Spinoza (ברוך שפינוזה Bento de Espinosa Benedictus de Spinoza ( November 24, 1632 – February 21, Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski (Mathias Casimirus Sarbievius (1595–1640 was Europe 's most prominent Latin Poet of the 17th century and a renowned theoretician Elizabeth Jane Weston (1581 – 1612 also known as Westonia was born to Jane Cooper in Chipping Norton Oxfordshire, England The History of literature begins with the History of writing, in Bronze Age Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, although the oldest literary See also Ancient literature, 10th century in literature, List of years in literature. Hiberno-Latin, also called Hisperic Latin, was a playful and learned sort of Latin Literature created and spread by Irish monks during the period Medieval literature is a broad subject encompassing essentially all written works available in Europe beyond and during the Middle Ages (encompassing the one thousand Roman cursive (or Latin cursive) is a form of Handwriting (or a script) used in Ancient Rome and to some extent into the Middle Ages The I Tatti Renaissance Library is a book series published by the Harvard University Press, which aims to present important works The Latin Library is a website that collects Public domain Latin texts Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Old Latin (also called Early Latin or Archaic Latin) refers to the Latin language in the period before the age of Classical Latin; that is all Classical Latin is the form of the Latin language used by the ancient Romans in what is usually regarded as "classical" Latin literature. Vulgar Latin (in Latin sermo vulgaris, "folk speech" is a Blanket term covering the popular Dialects and Sociolects of the Latin Medieval Latin was the form of Latin used in the Middle Ages, primarily as a medium of scholarly exchange and as the Liturgical language of the medieval Renaissance Latin is a name given to the distinctive form of Latin style developed during the European Renaissance of the fourteenth to fifteenth centuries particularly The term New Latin or Neo-Latin is used to describe a form the Latin language used between the end of the Medieval Latin period (c Latin is a member of the family of Italic languages, and its alphabet the Latin alphabet, emerged from the Old Italic alphabets which Vulgar Latin (in Latin sermo vulgaris, "folk speech" is a Blanket term covering the popular Dialects and Sociolects of the Latin Ecclesiastical Latin (sometimes called Church Latin) is the Latin dialect as used in documents of the Roman Catholic Church and in its Latin liturgies The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages, or Neolatin languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family comprising all The Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum ( CIL) is a comprehensive collection of ancient Latin Inscriptions It forms an authoritative source

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Encyclopedia

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