Larderello is a frazione of the comune of Pomarance, in Tuscany in central Italy. A frazione, in Italy, is the name given in administrative law to a type of territorial subdivision of a Comune; for other Administrative In Italy, the comune, (plural comuni) is the basic Administrative division of both provinces and regions and may be properly approximated in Pomarance is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 60 km southwest of Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest It is a geologically active area, renowned for its geothermal productivity. In Geology, geothermal refers to heat sources within the planet
Geography
The region has experienced occasional phreatic volcanic eruptions, caused by explosive outbursts of steam trapped below the surface. The term phreatic is used in Earth sciences to refer to matters relating to ground water below the static Water table (the word originates from the Greek It possesses about a dozen explosion craters 30-250 m in diameter. The largest is the Lago Vecchienna crater, now filled by a lake, which last erupted around 1282.
Larderello now produces 10% of the world's entire supply of geothermal electricity, amounting to 4,800 GWh per year and powering about a million Italian households. Its geology makes it uniquely conducive to geothermal power production, with hot granite rocks lying unusually close to the surface, producing steam as hot as 220 °C (396 °F). Granite (ˈɡrænɪt is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, Felsic, igneous rock.
History
The region was known from ancient times for its volcanic nature and exceptionally hot springs. Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the The Romans used its sulphur springs for bathing. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Sulfur or sulphur (ˈsʌlfɚ see spelling below) is the Chemical element that has the Atomic number 16
Known as Montecerboli until the 19th century, it became one of the first places in the world where geothermal energy was exploited to support industry. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar In 1827 François de Larderel, a Frenchman, invented a way of extracting boric acid from the volcanic mud by using steam to heat cauldrons to separate the two. Year 1827 ( MDCCCXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( Boric acid, also called boracic acid or orthoboric acid or Acidum Boricum, is a mild Acid often used as an Antiseptic, Insecticide Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany was an enthusiastic supporter of Larderel's scheme and awarded him the title of Count of Montecerboli a decade later. Leopold II Grand Duke of Tuscany, in Italian Leopoldo Giovanni Giuseppe Francesco Ferdinando Carlo in German Leopold Johann Joseph Franz Ferdinand Karl (3 October A town, named Larderello in honour of Larderel's work, was founded to house the workers in the boric acid production factory. [1]
The region was the site of a pioneering experiment in the production of energy from geothermal sources in 1904, when five light bulbs were lit by electricity produced through steam emerging from vents in the ground - the first ever practical demonstration of geothermal power. Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Geothermal power (from the Greek roots geo, meaning earth and therme, meaning heat is energy generated by heat stored in the earth or the collection However, the supposedly earliest recording of geothermal energy being put to other uses was in 1890 and 1891, when the United States city of Boise, Idaho commissioned the drilling of two geothermal wells to supply hot water for the city. Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Prince Piero Ginori Conti tested the first geothermal power generator on 4 July 1904, at the Larderello dry steam field in Italy. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on It was a small generator that lit four light bulbs. [1] Later, in 1911, the world's first geothermal power plant was built there. Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year In 1911, the world's first geothermal power plant was built in the Valle del Diavolo ("Devil's Valley"), named for the boiling water that rises there. Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year It was the world's only industrial producer of geothermal electricity until 1958, when New Zealand built a plant of its own in Wairakei. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Wairakei is the name of a power station small settlement and a geothermal area a few kilometres north of Taupo, in the centre of the North Island In recent years concerns have been expressed about the sustainability of its steam supply, as a 30% drop in steam pressure levels has been recorded from the maximum levels of the 1950s.
References
- Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program: Larderello
- "Steaming Forward", Time magazine, June 16, 2003
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