For the Hellenistic marble sculpture, see Laocoön and his Sons. The statue of Laocoön and His Sons, also called the Laocoön Group, is a monumental Marble sculpture now in the Vatican Museums, The Vatican Museums (Musei Vaticani in Viale Vaticano in Rome, inside the Vatican City, are one of the greatest museums in the world since they display works The statue of Laocoön and His Sons, also called the Laocoön Group, is a monumental Marble sculpture now in the Vatican Museums,

Laocoön (Λαοκόων [laok'ooːn], usual English pronunciation [leɪ'ɒkəʊɒn]), the son of Acoetes^[1] was a Trojan priest of Poseidon,^[2] or of Apollo, whose rules he had defied by marrying and having sons^[3] or had committed an impiety by having sex with his wife in the presence of a cult image in a sanctuary;^[4] his minor role in the Epic Cycle narrating the Trojan War was of warning the Trojans in vain against accepting the Trojan Horse from the Greeks — "A deadly fraud is this," he said, "devised by the Achaean chiefs!"^[5] — and for his subsequent divine execution by two serpents sent to Troy across the sea from the island of Tenedos, where the Greeks had temporarily camped. Acoetes ( Greek:) was the name of two men in Greek and Roman mythology. Troy ( Greek: grc Τροία Troia, also, Ilion; Latin: Trōia, Īlium, Hittite: Wilusa or A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities In Greek mythology, Poseidon ( Greek:; Latin: Neptūnus) was the god of the Sea and as "Earth-Shaker" In the practice of Religion, a cult image is a man-made object that is venerated for the Deity, spirit or Daemon that it embodies or represents The Epic Cycle (Επικός Κύκλος was a collection of Ancient Greek Epic poems that related the story of the Trojan War, which includes the In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans after Paris of Troy stole Helen from her The Trojan Horse was part of the Trojan War, as told in Virgil 's Latin Epic poem The Aeneid. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions ^[6]

Laocoön warned his fellow Trojans against the wooden horse presented to the city by the Greeks. In the Aeneid, Virgil gives Laocoön the famous line Equo ne credite, Teucri / Quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentes, or "Do not trust the Horse, Trojans / Whatever it is, I fear the Greeks even bearing gifts. " This line is the source of the saying: "Beware of Greeks bearing gifts. "

The most detailed description of Laocoön's grisly fate was provided by Quintus Smyrnaeus in Posthomerica, a later, literary version of events following the Iliad. Quintus Smyrnaeus (or Quintus of Smyrna, also known as Kointos of Smyrna) ( Κόιντος Σμυρναίος) was a Greek epic The Posthomerica is an epic poem by Quintus of Smyrna, probably written in the latter half of the 4th century, and telling the story of the period between Virgil employed the motif in the Aeneid; the Trojans, according to Virgil, disregarded his advice, however, and were taken in by the deceitful testimony of Sinon; in his resulting anger Laocoön threw his spear at the Horse. For the group of nine Ancient Egyptian deities see Ennead. The Aeneid (əˈniːɪd in In Greek mythology, Sinon, a son of Aesimus (son of Autolycus) or of the crafty Sisyphus, was a Greek warrior during the Trojan War. Minerva, who was supporting the Greeks, at this moment sent sea-serpents to strangle Laocoön and his two sons, Antiphantes and Thymbraeus. "Laocoön, ostensibly sacrificing a bull to Neptune on behalf of the city (lines 201ff. ), becomes himself the tragic victim, as the simile (lines 223-24) makes clear. In some sense, his death must be symbolic of the city as a whole," S. V. Tracy notes. ^[7] According to the Hellenistic poet Euphorion of Chalcis,^[8] Laocoon is in fact punished for procreating upon holy ground sacred to Poseidon; only unlucky timing caused the Trojans to misinterpret his death as punishment for striking the Horse, which they bring into the city with disastrous consequences. Euphorion, Greek Poet and Grammarian, born at Chalcis in Euboea about 275 BC The episode furnished the subject of Sophocles' lost tragedy, Laocoön. Sophocles (ˈsɒfəkliːz Ancient Greek, sopʰoklɛ̂ːs circa

In Aeneid Virgil describes the circumstances of Laocoön's death:

Ille simul manibus tendit divellere nodos
perfusus sanie vittas atroque veneno,
clamores simul horrendos ad sidera tollit:
qualis mugitus, fugit cum saucius aram
taurus et incertam excussit cervice securim. For the group of nine Ancient Egyptian deities see Ennead. The Aeneid (əˈniːɪd in

Literal English translation:

At the same time he stretched forth to tear the knots with his hands
his fillets soaked with saliva and black venom
at the same time he lifted to heaven horrendous cries:
like the bellowing when a wounded bull has fled from the altar
and has shaken the ill-aimed axe from its neck.

John Dryden's poetic English translation:^[9]

With both his hands he labors at the knots;
His holy fillets the blue venom blots;
His roaring fills the flitting air around. John Dryden (– was an influential English poet Literary critic, Translator and playwright who dominated the literary life of Restoration England
Thus, when an ox receives a glancing wound,
He breaks his bands, the fatal altar flies,
And with loud bellowings breaks the yielding skies.

The death of Laocoön was famously depicted in a much-admired marble Lacoön and His Sons, attributed by Pliny the Elder to the Rhodian sculptors Agesander, Athenodoros, and Polydorus), which stands in the Vatican Museums, Rome. The statue of Laocoön and His Sons, also called the Laocoön Group, is a monumental Marble sculpture now in the Vatican Museums, Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, ( AD 23 – August 25, AD 79 better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient Author Rhodes (Ρόδος Ródos, ˈɾo̞ðo̞s Rodi ردوس Rodos; Ladino: Rodi or Rodes) is a Greek island "Agesander" redirects here For other uses of this name see Agesander (disambiguation. Athenodoros or Athenodorus was the name of several figures in the ancient Hellenistic world Athenodoros of Kleitor (fl late 5th-early 4th century BCE In Greek mythology, Polydorus referred to several different people The Vatican Museums (Musei Vaticani in Viale Vaticano in Rome, inside the Vatican City, are one of the greatest museums in the world since they display works Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Copies have been executed by various artists, notably Baccio Bandinelli. Bartolommeo (or Baccio Bandinelli, actually Bartolommeo Brandini ( October 17, 1493 &ndash shortly before February 7, 1560) These show the complete sculpture (with conjectural reconstructions of the missing pieces) and can be seen in Rome, the Uffizi Gallery in Florence and in front of the Archaeological Museum, Odessa, Ukraine, amongst others. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The Uffizi Gallery (Galleria degli Uffizi one of the oldest and most famous Art Museums in the world is housed in the Palazzo degli Uffizi, a Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany ODESSA which stands for the German phrase O rganisation d er e hemaligen SS - A ngehörigen which in turn translates Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe.

The marble Laocoön provided the central image for Lessing's Laocoön, 1766, an aesthetic polemic directed again Winckelmann and the comte de Caylus. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing ( 22 January, 1729 15 February, 1781) was a German Writer, Philosopher, Dramatist Johann Joachim Winckelmann ( December 9, 1717 - June 8, 1768) a German Art historian and Archaeologist, Anne-Claude-Philippe de Tubières-Grimoard de Pestels Levieux de Lévis comte de Caylus marquis d'Esternay baron de Bransac ( October 31, 1692 &ndash September Daniel Albright reengages the role of the figure of Laocoön in aesthetic thought in his book Untwisting the Serpent: Modernism in Literature, Music, and Other Arts. Aesthetics or esthetics ( also spelled æsthetics) is commonly known as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values sometimes called

In addition to other literary references, John Barth employs a bust of Laocoön in his novella, The End of the Road. John Simmons Barth (born May 27 1930 is an American novelist and short-story writer known for the postmodernist and metafictive quality of his work

Classical sources

Arctinus, OCT Homer 5. Arctinus of Miletus or Arctinus Milesius (Ἀρκτῖνος Μιλήσιος was a Greek epic poet whose reputation is purely legendary as none of his works survive 107. 23; pseudo-Apollodorus, Epitome 5. The Bibliotheca (in English: Library) in three books provides a grand summary of traditional Greek mythology and heroic Legends 18; Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 1. Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Halicarnassus c 60 BC–after 7 BC was a Greek historian and teacher of Rhetoric, who flourished during the reign of 48. 2; Petronius 89; Servius on Aeneid 2. Petronius (ca 27–66 was a Roman writer of the Neronian age he was a noted satirist. "Servius" redirects here For the Roman king see Servius Tullius. 201; Hyginus, Fabula 135; Quintus Smyrnaeus, Posthomerica 12. Gaius Julius Hyginus (ca 64 BC &ndash AD 17 was a Latin author but whether a native of Spain or of Alexandria is not sure a pupil of the famous Quintus Smyrnaeus (or Quintus of Smyrna, also known as Kointos of Smyrna) ( Κόιντος Σμυρναίος) was a Greek epic 445ff; John Tzetzes, Ad Lycophron 347. John (Johannes Tzetzes (Ιωάννης Τζέτζης (c 1110 &ndash 1180 was a Byzantine Poet and Grammarian known to have lived at Constantinople ^[10]

[[2]]

Notes

External links

• Laocoon photos

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