Language processing - Citizendia

For the processing of language by computers, see Natural language processing. Natural language processing ( NLP) is a subfield of Artificial intelligence and Computational linguistics.

Language processing refers to the way human beings process speech or writing and understand it as language. Most recent theories back the idea that this process is made completely by and inside the brain.

Spoken language

Acoustic stimuli are received by the auditive organ and are converted to bioelectric signals on the organ of Corti. The organ of Corti (or spiral organ) is the organ in the Inner ear of Mammals that contains auditory sensory cells or " Hair cells " These electric impulses are then transported through scarpa's ganglion (vestibulocochlear nerve) to the primary auditory cortex, on both hemispheres. The vestibular ganglion (also called Scarpa's ganglion) is the Ganglion of the Vestibular nerve. The vestibulocochlear nerve (also known as the auditory or acoustic nerve) is the eighth of twelve Cranial nerves, and is responsible for transmitting sound The primary auditory cortex is the region of the Brain that is responsible for processing of auditory ( Sound) information Each hemisphere treats it differently, nevertheless: while the left side recognizes distinctive parts such as phonemes, the right side takes over prosodic characteristics and melodic information. The phoneME project is Sun Microsystems reference implementation of Java virtual machine and associated libraries of Java ME with source licensed under the GNU

The signal is then transported to Wernicke's area on the left hemisphere (the information that was being processed on the right hemisphere is able to cross through inter-hemispheric axons), where the already noted analysis takes part. Wernicke's area is a part of the Human cerebrum that forms part of the cortex, on the posterior section of the Superior temporal gyrus, encircling the An axon or nerve fiber is a long slender projectionof a nerve cell or Neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's Cell

From this area, the signal is taken to Broca's area through what is called the arcuate fasciculus. Broca's area is a section of the human brain that is involved in Language processing, speech or sign production and comprehension The arcuate fasciculus (Latin curved bundle) is the Neural pathway connecting the posterior part of the Temporoparietal junction with the Frontal Broca's area is in charge of interpreting the information provided by Wernicke's area (using the pars triangularis) and transmitting information to the closely located motor-related areas of the brain for production of speech (relying on the pars opercularis). Pars triangularis (pt is a region of Broca's area in the left Inferior frontal gyrus (IFG of the frontal lobe in the Human brain mapping to In the Human brain the Pars opercularis (literally "the part that covers" is the part of the Inferior frontal gyrus that lies between the inferior

Written language

Written language may work in a fairly similar way, only using the primary visual cortex as an input pathway instead of the auditory cortex. The term visual cortex refers to the primary visual cortex (also known as striate cortex or However, assuming the separate input pathways, it is still undetermined whether the two means of processing, utilize the same neurological resources through a common gateway or whether there are dedicated cortical regions for each functionality.

Spoken language

Written language

See also