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The Language poets (or L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poets, after the magazine that bears that name) are an avant garde group or tendency in United States poetry that emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s. L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E was an Avant garde Poetry magazine edited by Charles Bernstein and Bruce Andrews that ran thirteen issues from 1978 Avant-garde (avɑ̃gaʁd in French) means "advance guard" or "vanguard The poetry of the United States arose first during its beginnings as the constitutionally unified Thirteen colonies (although before this a strong In developing their poetics, members of the Language school took as their starting point the emphasis on method evident in the modernist tradition, particularly as represented by Gertrude Stein and Louis Zukofsky. Poetics refers generally to the theory of literary Discourse and specifically to the theory of Poetry, although some speakers use the term so broadly as to denote Modernist poetry refers to poetry written between 1890 and 1930 in the tradition of Modernist literature; the dates of the term depend upon a number of factors including the Gertrude Stein ( February 3, 1874 &ndash July 27, 1946) was an American Writer who spent most of her life in France Louis Zukofsky ( January 23, 1904 – May 12, 1978) was one of the most important second-generation American Language poetry is also an example of poetic postmodernism. Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement' While " Modern " itself refers to something "related to the present" the movement of modernism Its immediate postmodern precursors were the New American poets, a rubric which includes the New York School, the Black Mountain School, the Beat poets, and the San Francisco Renaissance. The New York School (synonymous with abstract expressionist painting was an informal group of American Poets painters Dancers and Musicians The Black Mountain poets, sometimes called projectivist poets, were a group of mid 20th century American avant-garde or Postmodern poets centered The term San Francisco Renaissance is used as a global designation for a range of poetic activity centered around that city and which brought it to prominence

Contents

Overview

While there is no such thing as a "typical" Language poem, certain aspects of the writing of language poets became heavily identified with this group: writing that actively challenged the "natural" presence of a speaker behind the text; writing that emphasized disjunction and the materiality of the signifier; and prose poetry, especially in longer forms than had previously been favored by English language writers, and other nontraditional and usually nonnarrative forms. Nature, in the broadest sense is equivalent to the natural world, physical universe, material world or material universe. The present is the Time that is perceived directly not as a recollection or a speculation Substance theory, or substance attribute theory, is an ontological theory about objecthood, positing that a substance is distinct from its In Semiotics, a sign is "something that stands for something else to someone in some capacity" This article refers to a poetic form For the competitive speech event see Prose & Poetry.

Language poetry has been a controversial topic in American letters from the 1970s to the present. A controversy or dispute is a commencement of a conflict between statements of accepted fact and a new or unaccepted proposal that disagrees with argues against Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Even the name itself has been controversial: while a number of poets and critics have used the name of the journal to refer to the group, many others have chosen to use the term, when they used it at all, without the equals signs, while "language writing" and "language-centered writing" are also commonly used, and perhaps the most generic terms. A name ( Etymology: from OE nama akin to OHG namo, Latin Nomen, and Greek όνομα ( History The "=" symbol that is now universally accepted by mathematics for equality was first recorded by Welsh mathematician Robert Recorde in The Discussions of the politics of the name and nature of the movement may be found in Michael Greer's article, "Ideology and Theory in Recent Experimental Writing or, the Naming of 'Language Poetry,'" [1] and in Bob Perelman, The Marginalization of Poetry, Lyn Hejinian, The Language of Inquiry, Barrett Watten, The Constructivist Moment, Ron Silliman, The New Sentence, and Charles Bernstein, My Way: Speeches and Poems. Bob Perelman (born in 1947) is an American poet, critic, editor and teacher Lyn Hejinian (born May 17, 1941) is a United States Poet, essayist translator and publisher Barrett James Watten (born October 3, 1948) is an American poet, editor, and Educator often associated with the Language Ron Silliman (born August 5, 1946 in Pasco Washington) is a contemporary American poet. Charles Bernstein (born April 4, 1950) is an American poet, critic editor and teacher Online writing samples of many language poets can be found on internet sites, including blogs and sites maintained by authors and through gateways such as the Electronic Poetry Center, PennSound, and UbuWeb. The Electronic Poetry Center, sponsored by various departments at SUNY Buffalo, is an online resource for Digital poetry. UbuWeb is a large web-based educational resource for Avant-garde material available on the internet founded in 1996 by poet Kenneth Goldsmith.

Poetics

Language poetry emphasizes the reader's role in bringing meaning out of a work and came about, at least in part, in response to the sometimes uncritical use of expressive lyric sentiment among earlier poetry movements to which the Language poets felt a kinship. In the 1950s and '60s certain groups of poets had followed William Carlos Williams in his use of idiomatic American English rather than what they considered the 'heightened,' or overtly poetic language favored by the New Criticism movement. The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 William Carlos Williams ( 17 September 1883 &ndash 4 March 1963) was an American poet closely associated with modernism An idiom is a Phrase whose meaning cannot be deduced from the literal Definition, but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only New Criticism was a dominant trend in English and American Literary criticism of the mid twentieth century from the 1920s to the early 1960s In particular New York School poets like Frank O'Hara and The Black Mountain group emphasized both speech and everyday language in their poetry and poetics. The New York School (synonymous with abstract expressionist painting was an informal group of American Poets painters Dancers and Musicians Francis Russell O'Hara ( June 27, 1926 – July 25, 1966) was an American poet who along with John Ashbery, James Schuyler The Black Mountain poets, sometimes called projectivist poets, were a group of mid 20th century American avant-garde or Postmodern poets centered In contrast, some of the Language poets emphasized metonymy, synecdoche and extreme instances of paratactical structures in their compositions, which, even when employing everyday speech, created a far different texture. In Rhetoric, metonymy (mɨˈtɒnɨmi is the use of a word for a concept or object associated with the concept/object originally denoted by the word Synecdoche is taken from Greek sinekdohi (συνεκδοχή meaning "simultaneous understanding" (si-nek-duh-kee (pronounced /sɪˈnɛkdoˌki/ Parataxis (from Greek for 'act of placing side by side' fr para, beside + tassein, to arrange contrasted to Syntaxis) is a Literary technique The result is often alien and difficult to understand at first glance, which is what Language poetry intends: for the reader to participate in creating the meaning of the poem. [2]

With reference to earlier poetry movements, it would be important to note that both Watten's & Grenier's magazine This (and This Press that Watten edited) along with the magazine L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E, published work by notable Black Mountain poets such as Robert Creeley and Larry Eigner. For the Canadian political magazine see This Magazine. This is a poetry journal associated with what would later be called The Black Mountain poets, sometimes called projectivist poets, were a group of mid 20th century American avant-garde or Postmodern poets centered Robert Creeley ( May 21, 1926 &ndash March 30 2005) was an American Poet and Author of more than sixty books Larry Eigner ( 1927 - February 3, 1996) was an American poet associated with the group of poets that centered around Charles Olson Silliman considers Language poetry to be a continuation (albeit incorporating a critique) of the earlier movements. [3] Watten has emphasized the discontinuity between the New American poets, whose writing, he argues, privileged self-expression however mediated through language, and the Language poets, who tend to downplay expression and see the poem as a construction in and of language itself. In contrast, Bernstein has emphasized the expressive possibilities of working with constructed, and even found, language.

Gertrude Stein, particularly in her writing after Tender Buttons, and Louis Zukofsky, in his book-length poem "A," are the modernist poets most influential on the Language school. Tender Buttons is an album by the British band Broadcast. It was released by Warp Records on September 19, 2005 in the UK In the postwar period, John Cage, Jackson Mac Low, and poets of the New York School (John Ashbery, Frank O'Hara, Ted Berrigan) and Black Mountain School (Robert Creeley, Charles Olson, and Robert Duncan) are most recognizable as precursors to the Language poets. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> John Milton Cage Jr Jackson Mac Low ( September 12, 1922 &ndash December 8, 2004) was an American Poet, Performance artist, Composer The New York School (synonymous with abstract expressionist painting was an informal group of American Poets painters Dancers and Musicians John Ashbery (born July 28, 1927) is Francis Russell O'Hara ( June 27, 1926 – July 25, 1966) was an American poet who along with John Ashbery, James Schuyler Ted Berrigan ( 15 November, 1934 - 4 July, 1983) was an American poet. The Black Mountain poets, sometimes called projectivist poets, were a group of mid 20th century American avant-garde or Postmodern poets centered Robert Creeley ( May 21, 1926 &ndash March 30 2005) was an American Poet and Author of more than sixty books Charles Olson ( 27 December 1910 &ndash 10 January 1970) was an important 2nd generation American modernist poet Robert Duncan ( January 7, 1919 – February 3, 1988) was an American poet and a student of H Many of these poets used procedural methods based on mathematical sequences and other logical organising devices to structure their poetry, and this practice proved highly useful to the language group. The application of process, especially at the level of the sentence, was to become the basic tenet of language praxis. In Linguistics, a sentence is a grammatical unit of one or more words bearing minimal syntactic relation to the words that precede or follow it often preceded and followed The influence of Stein came from the fact that she was a writer who had frequently used language divorced from reference in her own writings. The language poets also drew on the philosophical works of Ludwig Wittgenstein, especially the concepts of language-games, meaning as use, and family resemblance among different uses being the solution to the Problem of universals. A language-game is a philosophical Concept developed by Ludwig Wittgenstein, referring to simple examples of Language use and the actions This article is about the philosophical term proposed by Ludwig Wittgenstein not about the common observation that offspring resemble parents and one another The problem of universals is an ancient problem in Metaphysics about whether universals exist

History of language poetry

Early history of language poetry

There is more than one origin of this highly decentered movement. On the West Coast, an early seed of language poetry was the launch of This magazine, edited by Robert Grenier and Watten, in 1971. For the Canadian political magazine see This Magazine. This is a poetry journal associated with what would later be called Robert Grenier (born in Minneapolis Minnesota on August 4, 1941 &ndash) is a contemporary American poet who is often associated with the Coming out of New York, L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E, edited by Andrews and Bernstein, ran from 1978 and 1982, and featured poetics, forums on writers in the movement, and themes such as "The Politics of Poetry" and "Reading Stein. L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E was an Avant garde Poetry magazine edited by Charles Bernstein and Bruce Andrews that ran thirteen issues from 1978 " Equally significant for the understanding of this movement of divergent, though interconnected, poetry practices that emerged in the 1970s was Ron Silliman's poetry newsletter Tottel's ((1970-81)[4], and Bruce Andrews's selection in a special issue of Toopick (1973), as well as Lyn Hejinian's editing of Tuumba Press and James Sherry's editing of ROOF magazine. Ron Silliman (born August 5, 1946 in Pasco Washington) is a contemporary American poet. Bruce Andrews (born April 1, 1948) is an American poet who was one of the key figures associated with the Language poets (or L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E Lyn Hejinian (born May 17, 1941) is a United States Poet, essayist translator and publisher The first significant collection of language-centered poetics was "The Politics of the Referent," edited by Steve McCaffery for the Toronto-based publication, Open Letter (1977). Steven McCaffery (born January 24, 1947) is a Canadian Poet and Scholar who was a professor at York University.

In an essay from the first issue of This, Grenier declared: "I HATE SPEECH". Grenier's ironic statement (itself a speech act), was, in the context of the essay in which it occurred, along with a questioning attitude to the referentiality of language evidenced even in the magazine's title, later claimed by Ron Silliman, in the introduction to his anthology In the American Tree, as an epochal moment--a rallying cry for a number of young U. S. poets who were increasingly dissatisfied with the poetry of the Black Mountain poets and Beat poets. The Black Mountain poets, sometimes called projectivist poets, were a group of mid 20th century American avant-garde or Postmodern poets centered

"I HATE SPEECH" — Robert Grenier
"Thus capitalized, these words in an essay entitled "On Speech," the second of five short critical pieces by Robert Grenier in the first issue of This, the magazine he cofounded with Barrett Watten in winter, 1971, announced a breach - and a new moment in American writing.
Ron Silliman[5]

However, it was equally the range of contemporary poetries that focused on "language" in This, Tottel's, L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E, and also in several other key publications and essays of the time, rather than a single declarative sentence, that established the field of discussion that would emerge as Language (or L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E) poetry. Philosophy of language is the reasoned inquiry into the nature origins and usage of Language.

Indeed, during the 1970s, a number of magazines emerged who published poets who would become associated with the Language movement. Some other literary magazines associated with the movement in the 1970s and 1980s included A Hundred Posters (edited by Alan Davies), Big Deal, Dog City, Hills, Là Bas, MIAM, Oculist Witnesses, QU, and Roof. Alan Davies (b 1951 in Alberta Canada) is a contemporary American poet, Critic, and editor who has been writing and publishing since the 1970s Poetics Journal, which published writings in poetics and was edited by Lyn Hejinian and Barrett Watten, appeared from 1982 to 1998. Lyn Hejinian (born May 17, 1941) is a United States Poet, essayist translator and publisher Barrett James Watten (born October 3, 1948) is an American poet, editor, and Educator often associated with the Language Significant early gatherings of Language writing included Silliman's selection "The Dwelling Place: 9 Poets" in Alcheringa, (1975) Bruce Andrews's selection in Toopick, (1973) and Charles Bernstein's "A Language Sampler" in The Paris Review(1982)

Aside from magazines and presses, a number of poetry reading series, especially in New York and San Francisco, were important venues for the exposure of this new poetry and for the development of dialogue and collaboration among poets. Generally considered most important were the Ear Inn reading series in New York and, especially, the Grand Piano reading series in San Francisco, which was curated by Barrett Watten, Ron Silliman, Tom Mandel, Rae Armantrout, Ted Pearson, Carla Harryman, and Steve Benson at various times. Barrett James Watten (born October 3, 1948) is an American poet, editor, and Educator often associated with the Language Ron Silliman (born August 5, 1946 in Pasco Washington) is a contemporary American poet. Thomas Poeller Mandel (born 1942 in Chicago, Illinois) is a contemporary American poet whose work is often associated with the Language poets Rae Armantrout (born 13 April 1947) is an American poet generally associated with the Language Poets. Ted Pearson (born 1948 in Palo Alto California) is an American poet. Carla Harryman (born 1952 is an American Poet, Essayist, and Playwright often associated with the Language poets. Steve Benson (born 1949 in Princeton New Jersey) is an American poet and performer.

Poets, some of whom have been mentioned above, who were associated with the first wave of Language poetry include: Rae Armantrout, Steve Benson, Abigail Child, Clark Coolidge, Tina Darragh, Alan Davies, Carla Harryman, P. Inman, Lynne Dryer, Madeline Gins, Fanny Howe, Susan Howe, Jackson Mac Low, Tom Mandel, Bernadette Mayer, Steve McCaffery, Michael Palmer, Ted Pearson, Bob Perelman, Nick Piombino, Joan Retallack, Erica Hunt, James Sherry, Jean Day, Kit Robinson, Ted Greenwald, Leslie Scalapino, Diane Ward, Rosmarie Waldrop, and Hannah Weiner. Rae Armantrout (born 13 April 1947) is an American poet generally associated with the Language Poets. Steve Benson (born 1949 in Princeton New Jersey) is an American poet and performer. Clark Coolidge ( February 26, 1939 &ndash) is an American poet born in Providence Rhode Island. Tina Darragh (born 1950 is an American poet who was one of the original members of the Language group of poets Alan Davies (b 1951 in Alberta Canada) is a contemporary American poet, Critic, and editor who has been writing and publishing since the 1970s Carla Harryman (born 1952 is an American Poet, Essayist, and Playwright often associated with the Language poets. P Inman is an American poet who was born in 1947 and raised on Long Island. Madeline Gins (born 1941 is an American Artist, Architect, and Poet. Fanny Howe (born 1940 in Boston Massachusetts is an American Poet, Novelist and Short story writer Susan Howe (10 June 1937 in Boston Massachusetts is an American poet and critic who has been closely associated with the Language poets, among others Jackson Mac Low ( September 12, 1922 &ndash December 8, 2004) was an American Poet, Performance artist, Composer Thomas Poeller Mandel (born 1942 in Chicago, Illinois) is a contemporary American poet whose work is often associated with the Language poets Bernadette Mayer (born May 12, 1945) in Brooklyn, New York, United States) is a Poet and Prose writer Steven McCaffery (born January 24, 1947) is a Canadian Poet and Scholar who was a professor at York University. Michael Palmer (born May 11, 1943 in Manhattan, New York is a contemporary American poet and Translator. Ted Pearson (born 1948 in Palo Alto California) is an American poet. Bob Perelman (born in 1947) is an American poet, critic, editor and teacher Jean Day (born in 1954 is an American poet. Life and Work Born in Syracuse, NY and raised in Middletown, RI Day graduated from Kit Robinson (born May 17, 1949) is an American poet and translator Leslie Scalapino (b July 25, 1947) is a United States poet, experimental prose writer Playwright, Essayist, and editor Rosmarie Waldrop (born August 24, 1935) is a contemporary American poet, Translator and publisher Hannah Adelle Weiner ( Née Finegold) ( November 4, 1928 — September 11, 1997) was an American Poet This list accurately reflects the high proportion of female poets among the Language movement. This is a list of female poets. People on this list should have articles of their own and should meet the for their poetry [6] African-American poets associated with the movement include Hunt, Nathaniel Mackey, and Harryette Mullen. African American literature is the body of Literature produced in the United States by writers of African descent Nathaniel Mackey is an American poet, Novelist, Anthologist, Literary critic, editor and Professor of Literature at UC Santa Harryette Mullen (born July 1, 1953) is an American Poet, short story writer and literary scholar

Language poetry in the early 21st century

In many ways, what Language poetry is is still being determined as of this writing, (spring 2006). Most of the poets whose work falls within the bounds of the Language school are still alive and still active contributors. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Language poetry was widely received as a significant movement in innovative poetry in the U. S. , a trend accentuated by the fact that some of its leading proponents took up academic posts in the Poetics, Creative Writing and English Literature departments in prominent universities (University of Pennsylvania, SUNY Buffalo, Wayne State University, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, San Diego, University of Maine, the Iowa Writers' Workshop). Poetics refers generally to the theory of literary Discourse and specifically to the theory of Poetry, although some speakers use the term so broadly as to denote Creative writing is considered to be any writing Fiction or Non-fiction, that goes outside the bounds of normal professional, Journalistic, The term English literature refers to Literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by Writers not necessarily from The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn) is a private University located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. State University of New York at Buffalo, commonly known as University at Buffalo (UB is a Coeducational public research University, which Wayne State University is located in Detroit, Michigan, in the city's Midtown Cultural Center. The University of California Berkeley (also referred to as Cal, Berkeley and UC Berkeley) is a major research university located in Berkeley The University of California San Diego (popularly known as UC San Diego or UCSD) is a public Research university in San Diego, California The University of Maine, established in 1865 is the Flagship University of the University of Maine System. The Program in Creative Writing, more commonly known as the Iowa Writers' Workshop, at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa is a graduate-level

Language poetry also developed affiliations with literary scenes outside the States, notably England, Canada (through the Kootenay School of Writing in Vancouver), France, the USSR, Brazil, Finland, Sweden, New Zealand, and Australia. This article is a general introduction to French literature For detailed information on French literature in specific historic periods see the separate historical articles in the The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. It had a particularly interesting relation to the UK avant-garde: in the 1970s and 1980s there were extensive contacts between American language poets and veteran UK writers like Tom Raworth and Allen Fisher, or younger figures such as cris cheek and Ken Edwards (whose magazine Reality Studios was instrumental in the transatlantic dialogue between American and UK avant-gardes). Avant-garde (avɑ̃gaʁd in French) means "advance guard" or "vanguard Tom Raworth (Thomas Moore Raworth (born 1938) is a London-born Poet and visual artist who has published over 40 books of poetry Allen Fisher (born 1944 is a poet painter publisher teacher and performer associated with the British Poetry Revival. Ken Edwards (born in Gibraltar 1950 is a poet editor and writer who has lived in England since 1968 Other writers, such as J.H. Prynne and those associated with the so-called "Cambridge" poetry scene (Rod Mengham, Douglas Oliver, Peter Riley) were perhaps more skeptical about language poetry and its associated polemics and theoretical documents. Jeremy Halvard Prynne ( June 24, 1936 —) is a British Poet closely associated with the British Poetry Revival. The British Poetry Revival is the general name given to a loose poetic movement in Britain that took place in the 1960s and 1970s Douglas Dunlop Oliver ( September 14, 1937 — April 21, 2000) was a contemporary Poet, Novelist, editor, and Peter Riley (b 1940) is a contemporary English poet, Essayist, and editor. Polemics (pəˈlɛmɪks/ /poʊ- is the practice of disputing or controverting religious, philosophical, or political matters

A second-generation of poets influenced by the Language poets includes Eric Selland (also a noted translator of modern Japanese poetry), Lisa Robertson, and many others. Lisa Robertson (born on July 22 1961 in Newmarket Ontario) is a Canadian poet who currently lives in Oakland.

A significant number of women poets, and magazines and anthologies of innovative women's poetry, have been associated with language poetry on both sides of the Atlantic. They also represent an often distinct set of concerns. Among the poets are Leslie Scalapino, Madeline Gins, Susan Howe, Lyn Hejinian, Carla Harryman, Rae Armantrout, Johanna Drucker, Abigail Child, Karen Mac Cormack; among the magazines HOW/ever, later the e-based journal HOW2; and among the anthologies Out of Everywhere: Linguistically Innovative Poetry by Women in North America & the UK, edited by Maggie O'Sullivan for Reality Street Editions in London (1996) and Mary Margaret Sloan's Moving Borders: Three Decades of Innovative Writing by Women (Jersey City: Talisman Publishers, 1998). Leslie Scalapino (b July 25, 1947) is a United States poet, experimental prose writer Playwright, Essayist, and editor Madeline Gins (born 1941 is an American Artist, Architect, and Poet. Susan Howe (10 June 1937 in Boston Massachusetts is an American poet and critic who has been closely associated with the Language poets, among others Lyn Hejinian (born May 17, 1941) is a United States Poet, essayist translator and publisher Carla Harryman (born 1952 is an American Poet, Essayist, and Playwright often associated with the Language poets. Rae Armantrout (born 13 April 1947) is an American poet generally associated with the Language Poets. Johanna Drucker is an author book artist visual theorist and cultural critic Karen Mac Cormack (born Luanshya, Zambia, 1956 is a contemporary experimental poet

Critique of Language Poetry

The recent publication of The Grand Piano [7] has caused a reassessment of the place of the important West Coast branch of "language writing", and affords an opportunity to reexamine the achievements and dilemmas of Language poetry.

The Grand Piano [8] describes itself as "an experiment in collective autobiography". It was begun over email by ten poets identified with Language poetry, who sought to reconnect their writing practices and to "recall and contextualize events from the period of the late 1970s. " When completed, The Grand Piano, will comprise ten parts, in each of which the ten authors appear in a different sequence, often responding to prompts and problems arising in the series.

These ten poets, who began active engagement in writing and publishing in the 1970's, are often identified with the so-called "West Coast" branch of this "school", sometimes labeled "San Francisco Language Poets". The Grand Piano is an opportunity for some critics, artists, writers, and readers to critique or survey "Language poetry". When the lens is focused on this movement's legacy and ongoing influence, divisiveness and controversy are the watchwords. Battle lines are often drawn among viewpoints arguing for and against Language poetry's strengths and weaknesses, the sociology of its avant-garde position, the implications of its successful bid for academic hegemony, and the ensuing marginalization of other formations equally entitled to being regarded as worthy successors to high modernism. High modernism is a particular instance of Modernism, coined towards the end of modernism

Some poets, such as Norman Finkelstein in a conversation with Mark Scroggins, have stressed their own ambiguous relationship, even after decades of fruitful engagement, to "Language poetry". Finkelstein, referencing specifically The Grand Piano, points to a "risk" (if foregrounded) when previously marginalized poets attempt to write their own literary histories, "not the least of which is a self-regard bordering on narcissism". [9]

See also

Further reading

Anthologies

Books: Poetics and Criticism

Books: Cross-genre & Cultural writing

Articles

Notes & references

  1. ^ boundary 2, Vol. 16, No. 2/3 (Winter - Spring, 1989), pp. 335-355
  2. ^ See, for example, Ronald Johnson's RADI OS in L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E, volume 1. Ronald Johnson (1935 &ndash 1998 was an American poet. He was born in Kansas, graduated from Columbia University and lived in New York
  3. ^ For an extended poetic meditation on form by Sillman, see the poem Wild Form
  4. ^ available on-line at the Eclipse archive, link here: Tottel's Magazine
  5. ^ "Introduction: Language, Realism, Poetry" from In The American Tree (See below "Further reading: Anthologies")
  6. ^ Ann Vickery, Leaving Lines of Gender: A Feminist Genealogy of Language Writing, Wesleyan University Press, 2000. Wesleyan University Press, founded (in present form in 1959 is a University press that is part of Wesleyan University (Connecticut 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar.
  7. ^ The Grand Piano a website devoted to an experiment, or project, of "Collective Autobiography" begun by 10 of the so-called "West Coast" group of Language poets. The plan is for 10 volumes to appear. The first volume appeared in November 2006, and thereafter in 3 month intervals.
  8. ^ for additional details, commentary, and links see Barrett Watten's piece How The Grand Piano Is Being Written and James Sherry's commentaries in Jacket The Ten-Tone Scale
  9. ^ "The Toy Piano" a piece from Mark Scroggins's blog Culture Industry, with commentary by Norman Finkelstein
  10. ^ The ten writers are Bob Perelman, Barrett Watten, Steve Benson, Carla Harryman, Tom Mandel, Ron Silliman, Kit Robinson, Lyn Hejinian, Rae Armantrout, and Ted Pearson. This book further describes itself as follows: "It takes its name from a coffeehouse at 1607 Haight Street, where from 1976-79 the authors took part in a reading and performance series. The writing project, begun in 1998, was undertaken as an online collaboration, first via an interactive web site and later through a listserv"
  11. ^ this article on line link here

External links


Jerome McGann (born July 22, 1937) is a textual scholar whose work focuses on the history of literature and culture from the late eighteenth-century to the present Kate Lilley (born 1960 is a contemporary Australian Poet and Academic.
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