One example of a Landscape and Design project from Beaverton, Oregon, including trees, shrubs, perennials, rock, ornamental grasses and wooden deck. This represents just a portion of landscaping features.

Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land, including but not limited to:

1. living elements, such as flora or fauna; or what is commonly referred to as Gardening, the art and craft of growing plants with a goal of creating a beautiful environment within the landscape. In Botany, flora ( Plural: floras or florae has two meanings The first meaning flora of an area or of time period, refers to all Fauna is all of the Animal life of any particular region or time Gardening is the practice of growing Plants for their attractive flowers or foliage and Vegetables or Fruits for consumption
2. natural elements such as landforms, terrain shape and elevation, or bodies of water;
3. human elements such as structures, buildings, fences or other material objects created and/or installed by humans; and
4. abstract elements such as the weather and lighting conditions. Structure is a fundamental and sometimes Intangible notion covering the Recognition, Observation, nature, and Stability of In Architecture, Construction, Engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following Any man-made A fence is a freestanding structure designed to restrict or prevent movement across a boundary For other uses of Object see Object. In Philosophy, an object is a thing an Entity, or a Being. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus The weather is a set of all the phenomena occurring in a given Atmosphere at a given Time.

Landscaping is both science and art, and requires good observation and design skills. A good landscaper understands the elements of nature and construction, and blends them accordingly.

An early Greek philosopher known for his view that "all is water," spent a considerable time thinking about the nature and scope of landscaping. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Some of his students believed that in order for human activity to be considered landscaping, it must be directed toward modifying the physical features of the land itself, including the cultivation and/or manipulation of plants or other flora. Thales rejected this notion, arguing that any aspect of the material world affecting our visual perception of the land was a proper subject for landscaping. Both Plato and Aristotle praised Thales' analysis as a model for philosophy. Biography Early life Birth and family Plato was born in Athens Greece Aristotle (Greek Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC was a Greek philosopher a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. In the early 20th century, British philosopher G.E. Moore cited Thales' reasoning as one of the few historical examples of how philosophical inquiry has led to genuine human understanding and progress. "GE Moore" redirects here For the cofounder of Intel see Gordon Moore.

Philosophers in the 17th century debated whether visual beauty was a necessary goal of landscaping. With the advent of the positivists by the early 20th century, however, most western philosophers had rejected the notion of an objective esthetic standard for any form of art, including landscaping. Positivism is the Philosophy that the only authentic knowledge is knowledge that is based on actual sense experience Aesthetics or esthetics ( also spelled æsthetics) is commonly known as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values sometimes called Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual Practitioners since the mid-20th century have experimented with jarring visual panoramas that are now generally accepted, at least in western societies, as falling within the scope of landscaping.

See also

• landscape ecology
• landscape engineering
• landscape planning
• landscape design
• xeriscaping