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Land Rover
Type Subsidiary
Founded 1948
Founder Rover
Headquarters Flag of England Gaydon, England, UK
Key people David Smith, CEO
Industry Automotive
Products Automobiles
Employees 13,000
Parent Flag of India Tata Motors
Website www.landrover.com

Land Rover is an all-terrain vehicle and Multi Purpose Vehicle (MPV) manufacturer, based in Gaydon, England. A subsidiary, in business matters is an entity that is controlled by a bigger and more powerful entity An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome The Rover Company was a British Motor vehicle manufacturing company originating in Coventry in 1904 which moved to Solihull after World War II Gaydon is a parish and village in Warwickshire, England, close to Leamington Spa. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" The automotive industry is the industry involved in the design development manufacture marketing and sale of Motor vehicles In 2007 more than 73 million motor vehicles In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A holding company is a company that owns part all or a majority of other companies' outstanding Stock. Tata Motors Limited', formerly known as TELCO (TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Mumbai A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A minivan, multi-purpose vehicle (abbreviated MPV) people-carrier, people-mover or multi-utility vehicle (shortened Gaydon is a parish and village in Warwickshire, England, close to Leamington Spa. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland It has two production plants, one at Solihull, West Midlands which builds the Defender, Discovery, Range Rover and Range Rover Sport models and the second at Halewood, Merseyside which makes the Freelander 2 and also the Jaguar X type. Solihull (ˈsɒlɪhʌl or /ˈsəʊlihʌl/ is a large town in the West Midlands of England, with a population of 94753 The West Midlands is a Metropolitan county in western central England with a population of 2591300 Land Rover Range Rover Classic|Range Rover SportThe Range Rover is a Four-wheel drive luxury Sport utility vehicle (SUV produced by Land Rover in the Halewood is a Civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley, in Merseyside, England. Merseyside is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1365900 Originally the term Land Rover referred to one specific vehicle, a pioneering civilian all-terrain utility vehicle launched on April 30, 1948, at the Amsterdam Motor Show, but was later used as a brand for several distinct models, all capable of four-wheel drive. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Four-wheel drive, 4WD, or 4x4 ("four by four" is a four-wheeled Vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four Wheels to

Starting out as a model in the Rover Company's product range, the Land Rover brand developed, first as a marque, then as a separate company, developing a range of four-wheel drive capable vehicles under a succession of owners, including British Leyland, British Aerospace and BMW. For scale models of automobiles see Model car. A car model is a particular brand of vehicle sold under a Marque. The Rover Company was a British Motor vehicle manufacturing company originating in Coventry in 1904 which moved to Solihull after World War II A marque ( French for "brand" ˈmɑrk is a Brand name especially in the Automobile industry British Leyland was a vehicle manufacturing company formed in the United Kingdom in 1968 as British Leyland Motor Corporation Ltd (BLMC British Aerospace (BAe was a UK aircraft and defence-systems manufacturer that is now part of BAE Systems. ( BMW) (Bavarian Motor Works is an independent German automobile manufacturer founded in 1916 In 2000, the company was sold by BMW to the Ford Motor Company, becoming part of their Premier Automotive Group. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following The Premier Automotive Group (PAG is a group within the Ford Motor Company that oversees the Business operations of Volvo. On 2008-03-26 Ford and Tata Motors announced an agreement that Ford would sell its Jaguar Land Rover operations to Tata. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Tata Motors Limited', formerly known as TELCO (TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Mumbai Jaguar Cars Limited is a luxury car manufacturer based in Coventry, England, now operated as part of the Jaguar Land Rover business [1][2] On 2008-06-02 the sale to Tata was completed by both parties. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks [3]

Land Rover is one of the longest lived sport utility vehicle (SUV) brands (the only brand which is older is Jeep). A sport utility vehicle ( SUV) is a generic marketing description for a rugged automotive vehicle similar to a Station wagon but built on a light-truck chassis Jeep is an Automobile Marque (and registered trademark of Chrysler.

Contents

Manufacturing & Business

80-inch Series I
80-inch Series I

Land Rovers were manufactured primarily at the Solihull plant, near Birmingham, England, but production of the "Freelander" (2) was moved to the Jaguar car factory at Halewood near Liverpool, a former Ford car plant. Solihull (ˈsɒlɪhʌl or /ˈsəʊlihʌl/ is a large town in the West Midlands of England, with a population of 94753 Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Jaguar Cars Limited is a luxury car manufacturer based in Coventry, England, now operated as part of the Jaguar Land Rover business Halewood is a Civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley, in Merseyside, England. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary Defender models are assembled under license in several locations worldwide, including Spain (Santana Motors), Iran (Pazhan Morattab), Brazil (Karmann)and Turkey (Otokar). The Land Rover Defender is a British four wheel drive Off-road utility vehicle Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Morattab is an SUV manufacturer based in Tehran, Iran Since 1962 the company has produced versions of the Series Land Rover under license equipping them |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Otokar, a sub-division of Koç Holding, is the manufacturer of all types of wheeled vehicles and is headquartered in Sakarya, Turkey. [1] The former BL/Rover Group technical centre at Gaydon in Warwickshire is home to the corporate and R&D H. Gaydon is a parish and village in Warwickshire, England, close to Leamington Spa. Geography Warwickshire is bounded to the northwest by the West Midlands Metropolitan county and Staffordshire, by Leicestershire to The phrase research and development (also R and D or more often R&D) according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, refers Q.

Sale

On 11 June 2007, Ford announced that its plan to sell Land Rover, along with Jaguar. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Ford retained the services of Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and HSBC to advise it on the details of the deal. The Goldman Sachs Group Inc, or simply Goldman Sachs ( is a large global Bank holding company that engages in Investment banking securities Morgan Stanley ( is a global Financial services provider headquartered in New York City New York United States HSBC Holdings plc ( (,,,) is a Public limited company incorporated in England and Wales, headquartered in London. The buyer was initially expected to be announced by September 2007, but the sale was delayed and an announcement was not made until March 2008. A UK based private equity firm, Alchemy Partners, besides Tata Motors and Mahindra and Mahindra (both from India) have expressed interest in purchasing Jaguar and Land Rover from the Ford Motor Company. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located In Finance, private equity is an Asset class consisting of equity Securities in operating companies that are not Publicly traded on Tata Motors Limited', formerly known as TELCO (TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Mumbai India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country [4][5]

Before the sale was announced, Anthony Bamford, chairman of British excavators manufacturer JCB had expressed interest in purchasing Jaguar Cars in August, the year previously;[6] only to back out later when told the sale would also involve Land Rover, which he did not intend to buy. JCB, or J C Bamford (Excavators Ltd as it is more properly known is a family business named after its founder J [7] Tata Motors have received endorsements from the Transport And General Worker's Union (TGWU)-Amicus[8] combine and Ford as a preferred bidder. Tata Motors Limited', formerly known as TELCO (TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Mumbai Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> Amicus was the United Kingdom 's second-largest Trade union [9]

On March 26, 2008, Ford announced that it has agreed to sell its Jaguar and Land Rover operations to Tata Motors, and that the sale was expected to be completed by the end of the second quarter of 2008. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Tata Motors Limited', formerly known as TELCO (TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Mumbai [1] On June 2, 2008 the sale to Tata Motors was completed by both parties. Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [3] Included in the deal were the rights to three other British brands, Jaguar's own Daimler, as well as two dormant brands Lanchester and Rover. This article is about the British automobile manufacturer See Daimler for other uses derived from the German engineer and inventor Gottlieb Daimler. Lanchester Motor Company was a car manufacturer based at Armourer Mills Montgomery Street Birmingham, Great Britain. The Rover Company was a British Motor vehicle manufacturing company originating in Coventry in 1904 which moved to Solihull after World War II [10] BMW/Ford had previously retained ownership of the Rover brand to protect the integrity of the Land Rover brand, with which 'Rover' might be confused in the US 4x4 market; the Rover brand was originally used under license by MG Rover until it collapsed in 2005. MG Rover was the last domestically owned mass-production car manufacturer in the British motor industry.

History

Land Rover Series I
Land Rover Series I
Land Rover Series IIa Series 88
Land Rover Series IIa Series 88

The first Land Rover was designed in 1948 in the United Kingdom (on the island of Anglesey in Wales) by Maurice Wilks, chief designer at the British car company Rover on his farm in Newborough, Anglesey[11]. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located History There are numerous Megalithic monuments and Menhirs present on Anglesey testifying to the presence of mankind in prehistory Maurice Cary Ferdinand Wilks (1904 - 1963 was the chief designer at the British car company Rover at the end of World War II, responsible for the development of the The Rover Company was a British Motor vehicle manufacturing company originating in Coventry in 1904 which moved to Solihull after World War II Newborough ( Welsh: Niwbwrch or Niwbro) is a village in the south-western corner of Anglesey, Wales. It is said that he was inspired by an American World War II Jeep that he used one summer at his holiday home in Wales. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Willys MB US Army Jeep, along with the nearly identical Ford GPW, was manufactured from 1941 to 1945 The first Land Rover prototype 'centre steer' was built on a Jeep chassis. The Centre Steer is the name given by enthusiasts to the prototype of the Land Rover 4x4 Automobile. The Willys MB US Army Jeep, along with the nearly identical Ford GPW, was manufactured from 1941 to 1945 A distinctive feature is their bodies, constructed of a lightweight rustproof proprietary alloy of aluminium and magnesium called Birmabright. An alloy is a Solid solution or Homogeneous mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a Metal, which itself has WikipediaNaming Magnesium (mægˈniːziəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Mg, Atomic number 12 Atomic weight 24 Birmabright is a trade name of the former Birmetals Co (Birmabright works in Clapgate Lane Quinton Birmingham, UK) for various types of lightweight sheet metal This material was used owing to post war steel shortages and a plentiful supply of post-war aircraft aluminium. This metal's resistance to corrosion was one of the factors that allowed the vehicle to build up a reputation for longevity in the toughest conditions. It is reckoned that 75% of all those ever built are still in use. In fact, Land Rover drivers[12] sometimes refer to other makes of 4x4 as "disposables". The early choice of colour was dictated by military surplus supplies of aircraft cockpit paint, so early vehicles only came in various shades of light green; all models until recently feature sturdy box section ladder-frame chassis.

The early vehicles, such as the Series I, were field-tested at Long Bennington and designed to be field-serviced; advertisements for Rovers cite vehicles driven thousands of miles on banana oil. The Land Rover Series I, II, and III are Off-road vehicles produced by the British manufacturer Land Rover that were inspired by the U Refractive index | --> Isoamyl acetate, also known as isopentyl acetate, is an Organic compound that is the Ester formed from Isoamyl Now with more complex service requirements this is less of an option. The British Army maintains the use of the mechanically simple 2. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. 5 litre 4 cylinder 300TDi engined versions rather than the electronically controlled 2. 5 litre 5 cylinder TD5 to retain some servicing simplicity. This engine also continued in use in some export markets using units built at a Ford plant in Brazil, where Land Rovers were built under license and the engine was also used in Ford pick-up trucks built locally. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following Production of the TDi engine ended here in 2006, meaning that Land Rover no longer offers it as an option. International Motors of Brazil offer an engine called the 2. 8 TGV Power Torque, which is essentially a 2. 8-litre version of the 300TDi, with a corresponding increase in power and torque. All power is combined with an All-Terrain Traction Control which gives active terrain response; Ferrari uses a similar system in race traction.

Since its purchase by Ford, Land Rover has been closely associated with Jaguar. In many countries they share a common sales and distribution network (including shared dealerships), and some models now share components and production facilities.

Challenge of Japanese makes

Since the 1970s, in remote areas of Africa, South America, Asia and the Australian Outback, the somewhat similar Nissan Patrol (which was the first 4x4 other than the Range Rover to adopt coil springs at the front and rear) and Mitsubishi Pajero (also known as Shogun in the UK and Montero in other markets) have overtaken the Land Rover as the utility 4x4 of choice, partly because of the better support network and reputation for reliability. The Nissan Patrol is a Four wheel drive Vehicle manufactured by Nissan in Japan since 1951. Land Rover Range Rover Classic|Range Rover SportThe Range Rover is a Four-wheel drive luxury Sport utility vehicle (SUV produced by Land Rover in the The Mitsubishi Pajero (pəˈhɛroʊ pɑˈxɛroʊ is a Sport utility vehicle manufactured by Mitsubishi Motors. In Australia at least, pricing is now actually comparable or in favour of the Land Rover, due to the shorter supply chain. Another reason seems to be the 'leadfoot' factor - the workhorse Toyota models tend to have larger engines than the comparable Land Rover models.

In Britain, the Land Rover fell from favour with the farming community with the arrival of less expensive Japanese alternatives, with Daihatsu Fourtracks, Isuzu Troopers and Mitsubishi Pajeros becoming a common sight on farms around the country, until rust eventually ended their working lives. is a Japanese manufacturer of cars, well known for its smaller models and off-road vehicles The Isuzu Trooper is a Mid-size SUV produced by the Japanese automaker Isuzu between 1981 and 2002 The Mitsubishi Pajero (pəˈhɛroʊ pɑˈxɛroʊ is a Sport utility vehicle manufactured by Mitsubishi Motors. However, with subtle improvements to the Defender in the early 1990s, and with the introduction of better, more reliable engines in the form of the TDi and the five-cylinder TD5, many farms once again have a Land Rover Defender in their drive. The Land Rover Defender is a British four wheel drive Off-road utility vehicle

Company timeline

A Land Rover dealership in San Jose
A Land Rover dealership in San Jose

Models

The Land Rover Freelander/LR2
The Land Rover Freelander/LR2
The 1997 Defender 90 Station Wagon
The 1997 Defender 90 Station Wagon
Land Rover Series IIB Forward Control
Land Rover Series IIB Forward Control
Land Rover 109
Land Rover 109

There have also been models developed for the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD)

Current models

2008 UK Land Rover Model Line-up
Model Type Price Range
Land Rover Defender 4X4 £22,480 - £28,495
Land Rover Freelander 4x4 SUV(Soft Utility Vehicle) £25,935 - £33,990
Land Rover Discovery 4x4 £28,915 - £48,720
Range Rover Sport 4X4 £35,665 - £63,225
Range Rover 4x4 £59,100 - £84,900
2008 US Land Rover Model Line-up
Model Type Price Range
Land Rover LR2 4x4 $31,000- $36,000
Land Rover LR3 4x4 $50,000 - $58,000
Range Rover Sport 4x4 $60,500 - $79,200
Range Rover 4x4 $81,850 - $125,000

At the 2004 North American International Auto Show, Land Rover introduced its first concept, the Range Stormer (Gritzinger, 2004). The Land Rover Defender is a British four wheel drive Off-road utility vehicle The Land Rover Freelander is a compact crossover SUV made by the British company Land Rover; currently a subsidiary of Tata Motors The Discovery is a Four wheel drive on-road and off-road vehicle from the British car maker Land Rover. The Range Rover Sport is a Mid-size Sport utility vehicle (SUV produced by Land Rover since the summer of 2005 Land Rover Range Rover Classic|Range Rover SportThe Range Rover is a Four-wheel drive luxury Sport utility vehicle (SUV produced by Land Rover in the The Land Rover Freelander is a compact crossover SUV made by the British company Land Rover; currently a subsidiary of Tata Motors The Discovery is a Four wheel drive on-road and off-road vehicle from the British car maker Land Rover. The Range Rover Sport is a Mid-size Sport utility vehicle (SUV produced by Land Rover since the summer of 2005 Land Rover Range Rover Classic|Range Rover SportThe Range Rover is a Four-wheel drive luxury Sport utility vehicle (SUV produced by Land Rover in the The North American International Auto Show (previously called the Detroit Auto Show and often abbreviated NAIAS) is an annual Auto show held in The Range Stormer is a Concept car designed by Richard Woolley under the Land Rover brand. A "green" concept known as Land e was also recently shown.

Military use

British Land Rover near Pyongyang, November 1950, during the Korean war
British Land Rover near Pyongyang, November 1950, during the Korean war
A mired Land Rover of the 1st Armoured Division being extracted during the Gulf War.
A mired Land Rover of the 1st Armoured Division being extracted during the Gulf War. Pyongyang (pʰjʌŋjaŋ is the Capital and largest City of North Korea, located on the Taedong River, at. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the The 1st Armoured Division is an armoured division of the British Army.
Defenders of the Bermuda Regiment, 1994.
Defenders of the Bermuda Regiment, 1994. The Bermuda Regiment is the home defence unit of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda.
Land Rovers on parade with the Italian Army, Navy and Air Force, June 2007.
Land Rovers on parade with the Italian Army, Navy and Air Force, June 2007. The Italian Army (Esercito Italiano is the ground defense force of the Military of Italy. Marina Militare (the Italian Navy) is one of the four branches of the military forces of Italy. The Aeronautica Militare is the Air force of Italy. It has held a prominent role in modern Italian military history.

Since the very beginning all Series and Defender models have been used in a military capacity, in fact they are the back bone of the British Armed Forces. Often this has entailed just slightly modifying civilian models (primarily adding military "blackout" lights), but some dedicated military models have also been developed such as the forward control and the lightweight. 101 Forward Control was a vehicle produced by Land Rover for the British Army. The Lightweight 1/2 ton was a British military vehicle supplied by Land Rover. The Discovery has also been used in small numbers, mostly as liaison vehicles. Two models that have been designed for military use from the ground up are the 101 Forward Control from the early 1970s and the Lightweight or Airportable from the late 1960s. The latter was intended to be transported by helicopter. The famous Royal Air Force Mountain Rescue Service (United Kingdom) teams were early users in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and their convoys of landrovers and larger military trucks are a sight often seen in the mountain areas of the United Kingdom. Originally RAFMRS Land Rovers had blue bodies and bright yellow tops, to be better seen from above. In 1981, the colour scheme was changed to green with yellow stripes. More recently, vehicles have been painted white, and are issued with fittings similar to civilian UK Mountain Rescue teams. Mountain rescue refers to Search and rescue activities that occur in a mountainous environment although the term is sometimes also used to apply to search and rescue in The teams have recently been threatened with replacement of their beloved Land Rovers by Toyota 4 x 4 SUV-style vehicles.

Military modifications include heavy duty suspension, uprated brakes, 24 Volt electrics, convoy lights, electronic suppression of the ignition system, blackout curtains and mounts for special equipment and small arms. Although they also lack the 'creature comforts' that would be associated with a civilian vehicle, such as sound deadening, carpets, air con, and other 'comfort' additions.

Military uses include light utility vehicle, communications platform, weapon platform for recoilless rifles, TOWs or machine guns, ambulances and workshops. A recoilless gun or recoilless rifle (RCL is a lightweight form of Weapon that allows the firing of a heavier projectile than would be practical with a recoiling In the Composites Industry, a tow is an untwisted Bundle of continuous filaments and it refers to human-made Fibers particularly For other uses of the phrase see Machine Gun (disambiguation. An ambulance is a Vehicle for transporting sick or injured people to from or between places of treatment for an Illness or Injury.

One famous adaptation of Land Rovers to military purposes is the "Pink Panther" models. Approximately 100 Series IIAs were adapted to reconnaissance use by the British special operations forces the SAS. Reconnaissance (also scouting) is a military and medical term denoting exploration conducted to gain information The Special Air Service ( SAS) is a Special forces regiment within the British Army which has served as a model and inspiration for the special For desert use they were often painted pink, hence the name. The vehicles were fitted with among other gear a sun compass, machine guns, larger fuel tanks and smoke dischargers. Similar adaptations were later made to Series IIIs and 90/110/Defenders. [16]

The 75th Ranger Regiment of the United States Army also adapted twelve versions of the Land Rover that were officially designated the RSOV (Ranger Special Operations Vehicle. The 75th Ranger Regiment (Airborne is a Military unit of the United States Army. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. The Ranger Special Operations Vehicle or RSOV is a military vehicle designed for The U )

Series and Defenders have also been uparmoured. The most widespread of these is the Shorts Shorland, built by Shorts Brothers of Belfast. The Shorland is an armoured car that was designed specifically for the Royal Ulster Constabulary by a police support officer Ernie Lusty during the sixities Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. The first of these were delivered in 1965 to the Royal Ulster Constabulary, the Northern Ireland police force. The Royal Ulster Constabulary GC was the name of the Police force in Northern Ireland from 1922 to 2001 They were originally 109" models with an armoured body and a turret from the Ferret armoured car. In 1990 there had been more than 1,000 produced. [17] In the 1970s a more conventional armoured Land Rover was built for the Royal Ulster Constabulary in Wales called the Hotspur. The Land Rover Tangi was built by the Royal Ulster Constabulary's own vehicle engineering team during the 1990s. The Land Rover Tangi is an armoured car used in Northern Ireland. The British Army has used various armoured Land Rovers, first in Northern Ireland but also in more recent campaigns. They first added protective panels to Series General Service vehicles (the Vehicle Protection Kit (VPK)). Later they procured the Glover Webb APV and finally the Courtaulds (later NP Aerospace) Composite Armoured Vehicle, commonly known as Snatch. Snatch Land Rovers are used as protected transport vehicles by the British Army. These were originally based on heavy duty V8 110 chassis but some have recently been re-mounted on new chassis from Otokar of Turkey and fitted with diesel engines and air-conditioning for Iraq. Otokar, a sub-division of Koç Holding, is the manufacturer of all types of wheeled vehicles and is headquartered in Sakarya, Turkey. Although these now have more in common with the 'Wolf' (Defender XD) Land Rovers that many mistakenly confuse them with, the Snatch and the Wolf are different vehicles. The Land Rover Wolf is a military utility vehicle in service with UK Armed Forces and the Dutch Marine Corps

The most radical conversion of a Land Rover for military purposes was the Centaur halftrack. A half-track is a civilian or military vehicle with regular wheels on the front for steering and Caterpillar tracks on the back to propel the vehicle and carry most of the It was based on a Series III with a V8 engine and a shortened belt drive from the Alvis Scorpion light tank. The FV101 Scorpion is a British light Tank, part of the Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked or CVR(T family A tank is a tracked, Armoured fighting vehicle designed for Front-line combat which combines Operational mobility and tactical A small number was manufactured, and they were used by Ghana, among others. The Republic of Ghana is a country in West Africa. It borders Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast to the west Burkina Faso to the north Togo to the

The Land Rover is used by military forces throughout the world. However, it is increasingly being supplemented, and even replaced, by larger vehicles. For instance the Pinzgauer, now built in the UK, is increasingly common in roles previously the preserve of the Land Rover Defender, such as ambulances, artillery tractors and weapons platforms. The Pinzgauer is a family of high mobility all-terrain 4x4 and 6x6 military utility vehicles This is mainly due to the demands of modern warfare- combat vehicles today are generally required to carry much more equipment in the form of weaponry, communications equipment and armour. A 'soft' light 4x4 like the traditional Land Rover simply doesn't have the load capacity or strength of a larger medium-duty vehicle like the Pinzgauer. Even the current generation of Land Rover used by the British Army, the Wolf, have upgraded and strengthened chassis and suspension compared to civilian-spec vehicles. Land Rovers were very popular to the military.

Abilities

The use of Land Rovers by the British and Commonwealth military, as well as on long term civilian projects and expeditions, is mainly due to the superior off-road performance of the marque. Off Roading is a term for driving a specialized vehicle on unpaved roads such as Sand, Gravel, riverbeds Mud, Snow, Rocks, For example, the short wheelbase version of the Land Rover Defender is capable of tackling a gradient of 45 degrees, an approach angle of up to 50 degrees, a departure angle of 53 degrees and a ramp break-over of up to 155 degrees - greatly superior not just to urban 4x4s but to military vehicles such as the HMMWV and Pinzgauer High Mobility All-Terrain Vehicle. Four-wheel drive, 4WD, or 4x4 ("four by four" is a four-wheeled Vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four Wheels to This article refers to the Military HMMWV not the civilian Hummer sold by General Motors The M998 High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled The Pinzgauer is a family of high mobility all-terrain 4x4 and 6x6 military utility vehicles A distinctive feature of all Land Rover products has been their exceptional axle articulation (the degree to which the wheels have vertical travel, with high amounts allowing them to maintain contact (and traction) with the ground over uneven surfaces), which is currently 7 inches (178mm) at the front axle and 8. 25 inches (210mm) at the rear on basic Defender models.

Right from the start in 1948, PTOs (Power take-offs) were integral to the Land Rover concept, enabling farm machinery and many other items to be run with the vehicle stationary. A power take-off ( PTO) is a splined Driveshaft, usually on a Tractor or that can be used to provide power to an attachment or separate machine Maurice Wilks was very clear about this, and his original instruction was ". . . to have power take-offs everywhere!" The 1949 report by the British National Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Scottish Machinery Testing Station described it thus:

"The power take-off is driven through a Hardy-Spicer propeller shaft from the main gearbox output and two interchangeable pinions giving two ratios. The PTO gearbox casing is bolted to the rear chassis cross-member and an 8 in x 8 in belt pulley driven from the PTO shaft through two bevel gears can be bolted to the PTO gearbox casing. "

PTOs remained regular options on Series I, II and III Land Rovers up to the demise of the Series Land Rover in 1985. It is still possible to order an agricultural PTO on a Defender as a special order.

One of the other capabilities of the utility Land Rover (the Series/Defender models) is that they are available in a huge variety of body styles, ranging from a simple canvas-topped pick-up truck to a 12-seat fully trimmed Station Wagon. The Land Rover Defender is a British four wheel drive Off-road utility vehicle A station wagon (or simply wagon) in American, Australian, Canadian and New Zealand usage and an estate car (or just estate Both Land Rover and out-of-house contractors have offered a huge range of conversions and adaptations to the basic vehicle, such as fire engines, excavators, 'cherry picker' hydraulic platforms, ambulances, snowploughs, and 6-wheel drive versions, as well as one-off special builds including amphibious Land Rovers and vehicles fitted with tracks instead of wheels. A fire apparatus, fire engine, fire truck, or fire appliance is a vehicle designed to assist in fighting Fires by transporting Firefighters An ambulance is a Vehicle for transporting sick or injured people to from or between places of treatment for an Illness or Injury. A snowplow (also spelled snow plow, snowplough or snow plough, see miscellaneous spelling differences) is a vehicle or a device intended

Land Rover Experience

Land Rover Experience is the company's busy driver training wing. Established in 1998, Land Rover Experience consists of a network of centres throughout the world, setup to help customers get the most out of their vehicle's on and off-road capability. The flagship centre is based in Eastnor, Herefordshire in the UK, which has long been used as an engineering test and development facility. Courses offered include off-road driving, winching, and trailer handling, along with a variety of corporate and individual 'Adventure Days'. Land Rover Experience

Safety

Road accident statistics on a model-by-model basis from the UK Department of Transport show that the Land Rover Defender and Land Rover Discovery are the safest cars on British roads (measured in terms of chance of death in two car injury accidents) - between three times safer than the safest Volvo models, twice as safe (half the death-rate per two vehicles injury accident) compared with the Jeep Cherokee and Toyota Land Cruiser and only matched by the Mercedes-Benz S-Class and Jaguar XJ. Although various 'theoretical' Crash testing scenarios are popular in assessing car safety in UK the Department of Transport publish the actual level of road deaths in two-car The Land Rover Defender is a British four wheel drive Off-road utility vehicle The Discovery is a Four wheel drive on-road and off-road vehicle from the British car maker Land Rover. This article is about Volvo Group - AB Volvo Volvo Cars is the passenger vehicle maker owned by Ford Motor Company, using the Volvo Trademark The Toyota Land Cruiser is a series of Four-wheel drive vehicles produced by the Japanese car maker Toyota Motor Corporation. The Mercedes-Benz S-Class is a series of the largest Sedans produced by Mercedes-Benz, a division of Daimler AG. The Jaguar XJ is a luxury sedan sold under the British Jaguar luxury marque

Quality improvements

Recently Land Rover has markedly improved its quality and reliability.

However in the past it has shown reliability and build quality problems, and this is reflected in its showing in various industry and consumer quality and dependability related surveys, as detailed below:

Beginning with the Discovery Series III (LR3 in the US) model, one of the replacement power plants for the new model will be a 4. 4L V8 engine developed by Jaguar and a 4. Jaguar Cars Limited is a luxury car manufacturer based in Coventry, England, now operated as part of the Jaguar Land Rover business 0L v6 developed by Ford (Jaguar is also part of the Ford Group).

Some of the service problems in US specification Land Rover Defender and Discovery models are related to the Rover V8 petrol engine, as Land Rover increased the displacement and otherwise modernized the engine, which was originally designed in the late 1950s by General Motors for Buick. The Rover V8 engine is a compact V8 Internal combustion engine with Aluminium Cylinder heads and Cylinder block, originally General Motors Corporation ( GM) ( is a multinational automobile manufacturer founded in 1908 and headquartered in the United States. Buick (ˈbjuːɪk is a Marque of automobile sold in the United States, Canada, China, Taiwan, Qatar, and The same engine has powered a variety of other British cars, including the Rover 3500 and Triumph TR8. The Triumph TR8 is an eight-cylinder version of the "wedge-shaped" Triumph TR7 sports car manufactured by British Leyland (BL and then Jaguar/Rover/Triumph

Most European, South African and Australian specification Defenders and Discovery models are now equipped with the TD5 diesel engine and reliability has still proven a problem as detailed in the surveys above. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Diesel or Diesel fuel (ˈdiːzəl in general is any Fuel used in Diesel engines The most common is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum Part of the problem is also caused by the manufacturing methods used. The Defender is still largely hand-built, with aluminium body panels mounted on a steel chassis. This makes it very hard for the vehicle to have the same rigidity and inter-panel sealing as is found on modern vehicle. The 1980s saw numerous cut-backs to the utility Land Rover line (at that time, the Ninety/One Ten range), which included the replacement of the galvanised metal body cappings (as used since 1948) with simple painted items. This led to rapid corrosion of these parts. Similar economy measures were put in place. Recently increased investment under Ford has seen the return of the galvanised cappings, and design changes to reduce corrosion (such as the introduction of a one-piece rear door on Station Wagon and Hard Top models, which previously had doors made from panels over a steel frame).

Land Rover still makes heavy use of the British Leyland "parts bin" on its older models (the Defender and Freelander in particular), and this as well as its parts-sharing scheme is often cited as the cause of many malfunctions. It now appears that Ford is attempting to address the Land Rover quality issues. It was reported in the Birmingham Post on 27 May 2004 that Ford's senior management have given the Land Rover plant 8 weeks to come up with a "road map" to address the quality issues at Land Rover and bring its competitiveness up to global standards in 5 years. The Birmingham Post Newspaper was originally published under the name Daily Post in Birmingham, England in 1857 by John Senior management is generally a team of individuals at the highest level of organizational management who have the day-to-day responsibilities of managing a corporation Ford has threatened Solihull with closure unless significant improvements are realised, and with no replacement for the Jaguar X-type on the cards, it seems likely that there will be sufficient extra capacity at Halewood in the coming years to accommodate the entire Land Rover range. The X-Type is a Compact executive car produced by the British luxury Automaker Jaguar since 2001

Despite the recent drops in quality, it is rumoured that 75% of all Land Rovers produced since 1955 are still on the road. This figure may be misleading, due to the wider range of vehicles and much higher production of recent years. The simplicity of build and cross compatibility of parts with many earlier models, together with the enthusiasm of many owners, has ensured many vehicles have stayed on the road. The longevity of individual vehicles may also tend to hide any improvements in production quality as assembly faults, once fixed, may stay fixed, and so may only matter to the first buyer. Enthusiasts of the marque and commercial users often point out that the mechanical components of the vehicles are very tough and reliable- it is the 'non-essential' areas such as interior fit/finish, weather sealing and ancillary electrics that fail. Another point often made is that other manufacturers not only produce models with assembly faults which are recalled, but do not tend to remain as reliable as Land Rover products in the long run. It is also true that a much larger proportion of early Land Rover Discovery, the first vehicle to be produced in very high numbers, remain in everyday use than can be said of rival manufacturers. All Land Rovers are crash tested.

In popular culture and public media

Land Rovers, particularly the commercial and military models, became ubiquitous throughout rural areas and in the developing World. "The Antichrist," the Land Rover featured in the South African film The Gods Must Be Crazy, illustrates the love-hate relationship many owners feel with the earlier Series 1, 2 and 3 vehicles. The Gods Must Be Crazy is a Film released in 1980 written and directed by Jamie Uys. The 1960s TV series Daktari featured a Land Rover which was the subject of Corgi models that still frequent eBay listings. Daktari ( Swahili for "doctor" was a television series that aired on CBS from 1966 to 1969 featuring Marshall Thompson as Dr eBay Inc is an American Internet company that manages eBaycom an Online auction and shopping Website in which people and businesses buy and Many other films feature prominent roles for Land Rovers, including Lara Croft: Tomb Raider, Ace Ventura, Hotel Rwanda and the Bond films The Living Daylights and Casino Royale. Lara Croft Tomb Raider is a film adaptation of the Tomb Raider video game series Ace Ventura is a Fictional character, played by Jim Carrey in the films Ace Ventura Pet Detective and Ace Ventura When Nature Calls Hotel Rwanda is a Historical drama film about the hotelier Paul Rusesabagina (played by Don Cheadle) during the Rwandan Genocide James Bond 007 is a Fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve Novels and two Short story The Living Daylights, released in 1987 is the fifteenth Spy film of the James Bond series, and the first to star Timothy Dalton Casino Royale ( 2006) is the twenty-first film in the James Bond series; it is directed by Martin Campbell and the first to star Mission: Impossible III features a Land Rover Discovery 3 (LR3). Mission Impossible III (abbreviated MiIII) is the third 2006 Action film based on the spy-themed television series Mission One of the not-so-subtle drug lords in the British crime movie Layer Cake (film) is noted for driving a yellow Range Rover. Layer Cake is a 2004 British Gangster thriller, directed by Matthew Vaughn. Land Rover Range Rover Classic|Range Rover SportThe Range Rover is a Four-wheel drive luxury Sport utility vehicle (SUV produced by Land Rover in the An anachronism occurs in Ice-Cold in Alex, which features a Land Rover though the film is set during World War II. An anachronism (from the Greek "ana" " ανά " "against anti-" and "chronos" " χρόνος " Ice-Cold in Alex ( 1958) is a British film based on the novel of the same name by British author Christopher Landon. Fox's television show The O.C. featured an affluent family driving a Range Rover. This article is about the FOX television series For the location from which the series derives its name see Orange County California. Land Rover Range Rover Classic|Range Rover SportThe Range Rover is a Four-wheel drive luxury Sport utility vehicle (SUV produced by Land Rover in the The 2006 film The Queen depicts Queen Elizabeth II manoeuvring a forest green Land Rover through the Scottish countryside and when the vehicle breaks down crossing a river the scene is used as a vehicle to demonstrate the Queen's practical ability "I was a mechanic during the war". The Queen Drama film directed by Stephen Frears, Peter Morgan and starring Dame Helen Mirren in the title role Queen For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II A Land Rover is amongst the vehicles used in the film The Italian Job in which it drives through winding backstreets and courtyards of Turin. The Italian Job is a British caper film, written by Troy Kennedy Martin, produced by Michael Deeley and directed by Peter It's interesting to note that it is the most modern looking vehicle in the film due to its unchanging looks.

The Land Rover brand is mentioned almost daily in the UK on BBC Radio 2 in the on-air banter between morning travel reporter Lynn Bowles and co-hosts Sarah Kennedy, Terry Wogan and Ken Bruce. Lynn M Bowles (born 27 November 1963 Before joining the BBC Lynn worked in New Orleans for a TV news station but traffic news called and she has presented travel news for Sarah Mary Kennedy MBE Career history Radio Kennedy began her career with the British Forces Broadcasting Service Sir Michael Terence Wogan, KBE DL (born August 3 1938 more commonly known as Terry Wogan, is a veteran Irish Radio and Television Kenneth Robertson Bruce (born 2 February 1951 in Glasgow, Scotland) is a veteran British broadcaster known for his programme on BBC Radio 2, Lynn learnt to drive in a Land Rover and is fast becoming a mascot for the marque after competing in the 2004 run of the Macmillan 4x4 UK Challenge[19] and co-presenting the Heritage Motor Centre [20] Land Rover show every year since 2005. '''The Macmillan 4x4 UK Challenge''' is an annual navigational challenge event The Heritage Motor Centre is located at Gaydon in Warwickshire, England.

When a new paint colour called 'Stornoway Grey', a replacement of Bonatti Grey, was introduced to Land Rover vehicles, Western Isles councillor Angus Nicolson demanded the name to be changed to Silvery Stornoway because he claimed the colour will damage the town's image among tourists and leave people with the impression that Stornoway was drab and dull. The Outer Hebrides, ( officially known for local government purposes by the Gaelic name Na h-Eileanan Siar) comprise an island Stornoway ( Steòrnabhagh in Scottish Gaelic) is a Burgh on the Isle of Lewis, in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland Land Rover representative responded that the use of Stornoway Grey will help keep it on the map, as grey is an extremely popular colour for the vehicle. [21]

Land Rovers have competed in the Paris Dakar Rally and won the Macmillan 4x4 UK Challenge almost every year, as well as having been the vehicle used for the Camel Trophy and more recently in the Odyssey Driving Around the World expedition series as part of a sponsorship deal. The Dakar Rally (or simply " The Dakar " formerly known as "The Paris Dakar" or "Paris to Dakar Rally" and now as "The Lisboa Dakar" is '''The Macmillan 4x4 UK Challenge''' is an annual navigational challenge event The Camel Trophy was a vehicle oriented competition that was held between 1980 and 2000 and was best known for its use of Land Rover vehicles over challenging terrain Now, Land Rover has its own G4 challenge.

Land Rover clubs

The brand has been elevated to a cult status amongst Land Rover enthusiasts. Nowhere is this more evident than the Land Rover club environment.

Hundreds of Land Rover clubs have formed throughout the UK and internationally. Land Rover clubs break down into a number of groups of varying interests.

Single Marque Clubs - As the title suggests these clubs bring together owners of a specific model or series of vehicle such as the Series One Club, or the Discovery Owners Club. Clubs based around ownership of earlier series vehicles tend to attract the purists amongst Land Rover owners whose interests often relate to restoration of their vehicles to their original condition.

Special Vehicle Clubs - At various times Land Rover have produced vehicles for specific events or on a specific theme, most notable are the Camel Trophy and G4 Challenge vehicles which have been sold on to the general public, and a range of Defenders that were loosely based on the custom vehicles produced for the Tomb Raider motion picture.

Regional Clubs - These break down into two groups, competitive and non-competitive clubs.

Non-competitive clubs activities generally relate to social events, off road driving or Green Laning on un-surfaced public highways or 'pay and play' days at off road centres. Green laning is the driving of the many unsurfaced tracks and Roads throughout the Countryside in the UK that have vehicular rights

Competitive clubs are a phenomenon almost exclusively found within the UK, who as well as the non-competitive activities detailed above run competitive events such as Tyro, Road Taxed Vehicle (RTV) and Cross Country Vehicle (CCV) trials, winch and recovery challenges or speed events such as Competitive Safari's. All UK competitive events are run within the framework of rules created by the Motor Sports Association (MSA) with further vehicle specific rules applied by the host club or association.

A number of clubs are affiliated to the Association of Land Rover Clubs (ALRC) formerly known as the Association of Rover Clubs (ARC) the association applies its own vehicle regulations to all of its member clubs who have the opportunity to compete together at regional events and an annual national event with vehicles approved to the same standard.

Club Licensing - In 2005 under Ford ownership the Land Rover company became more interested in the club environment. An internal club was formed, The Land Rover Club a club exclusive to employees of the Ford Premier Automotive Group. The Premier Automotive Group (PAG is a group within the Ford Motor Company that oversees the Business operations of Volvo. Also, an agreement was generated to allow other clubs to use the Land Rover green oval logo under licence. In 2006 the Beds, Herts and Cambs club were the pilot licensees for the new agreement, who now benefit from a reciprocal arrangement where their own logo is trade marked and owned by Land Rover and they can refer to themselves as a 'Land Rover Approved Club'.

Bicycle range

In June 2004 Land Rover released a comprehensive 25 model range of bicycles to complement the automotive range. The three main ranges are the 'Defender' the 'Discovery' and the 'Freelander'. Each range has its different attributes. The 'Discovery' is an all-rounder bicycle and is suited to a mixture of different terrains. The 'Defender' range is most suited to rugged terrain and off road pursuits, whereas the 'Freelander' Is designed for an urban lifestyle. Terrain, or relief, is the third or vertical dimension of land surface. All bikes are made from lightweight aluminium and cost from £200-£900. WikipediaNaming

Criticism

See also: Criticism of sport utility vehicles

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Ford Motor Company (2008-03-26). Criticism of sport utility vehicles is the expression (made by various groups organizations or individuals of disapproval of Sport utility vehicles (SUVs Wikibooks (previously called Wikimedia Free Textbook Project and Wikimedia-Textbooks) is a Wikimedia Foundation Wiki for the creation of 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. "FORD MOTOR COMPANY ANNOUNCES AGREEMENT TO SELL JAGUAR LAND ROVER TO TATA MOTORS". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2008-03-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates
  2. ^ Tata Motors (2008-03-26). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. "Tata Motors enters into Definitive Agreement with Ford for purchase of Jaguar Land Rover". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2008-03-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates
  3. ^ a b c "Tata Motors completes acquisition of Jag, Land Rover", Thomson Reuters, 2008-06-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Retrieved on 2008-06-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks  
  4. ^ Forbes India's Tata confirms interest in Land Rover, Jaguar
  5. ^ CNN India's Tata eyeing Jaguar and Land Rover
  6. ^ JCB's Sir Anthony Bamford eyes Jaguar - 24/08/2006 - Contract Journal
  7. ^ JCB will not buy Jaguar - 16/10/2006 - Contract Journal
  8. ^ "Tata set to clinch Jaguar-Land Rover deal: Report", Press Trust of India, 2007-12-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Retrieved on 2007-12-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor.  
  9. ^ "Ford set to pick Jaguar frontrunner in days: source", Reuters, 2007-12-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Retrieved on 2007-12-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the  
  10. ^ 5 for 2 special: Tata acquires 3 other British marques in Jaguar, Land Rover deal. Leftlane News (28 March 2008). Retrieved on 2008-03-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate.
  11. ^ Article on page M5 of The Daily Telegraph entitled "The sands of time" by Kevin Hackett about Wilkes' protype (Issue 47,531, dated 29th March 2008)
  12. ^ .net report that 75% of Land Rovers ever built are still in use
  13. ^ Land Rover. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. "Sixty Years and Four Million Vehicles: Milestones of Land Rover's History". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2008-04-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus
  14. ^ BBC NEWS | Business | BMW, Ford seal Land Rover deal
  15. ^ India's Tata confirms interest in Land Rover, Jaguar - Forbes.com
  16. ^ Bob Morrison: Land Rovers in military service, Brooklands Books 1993, ISBN 1-85520-205-0
  17. ^ Shorland.info
  18. ^ "Most & least reliable brands - 950,000 readers tell which products really last", Consumer Reports, May 2007, p. Consumer Reports is an American Magazine published monthly by Consumers Union. 12
  19. ^ Lynn Bowles - Mac4x4 - Land Rover Enthusiast Article
  20. ^ Heritage Land Rover Weekend
  21. ^ Brit town protests "Stornoway Grey" Land Rovers

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