Lamech (pronounced /ˈleɪmɛk/) (Hebrew: לֶמֶך-Lemech) is the name of two men in the genealogies of Adam in the book of Genesis. The Generations of Adam according to Genesis 5 is the line of descent going through Seth One is the sixth generation descendant of Cain (Genesis 4:18); his father was named Methusael and he was responsible for the "Song of the Sword. This list contains persons named in The Bible of minor notability about whom either nothing or very little is known aside from any family connections " He is also noted as the first polygamist mentioned in the Bible, taking two wives, Ada and Tselah. The term polygamy (a Greek word meaning "the practice of multiple marriage" is used in related ways in Social anthropology, Sociobiology, and Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin The other Lamech is an eighth generation descendant of Seth (Genesis 5:25). This article is about the Biblical Seth For the Egyptian god Seth see Set (mythology; for other meanings see Seth (disambiguation. He is the son of Methuselah and was the father of Noah (Genesis 5:29). Methuselah or Metushélach ( is the oldest person whose age is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. Noah (or Noe, Noach;; Nūḥ; Arabic: نوح; "Rest") was according to the Bible, the tenth and last of
Because of the similarities between the two lines, some critical scholarship regards both Lamechs as one and the same individual. Many conservative scholars see no reason to confuse the two. One tradition from Genesis Rabba, relayed by Rashi's comment on Genesis 4:22, indicates that Na'amah, the daughter of Tselah and Lamech, son of Methushael, was the wife of Noah, the son of the other Lamech (son of Methuselah). Genesis Rabba ( Bereshit Rabba in Hebrew: בראשית רבה) is a religious text from Judaism 's classical period For the astrological concept see Rāshi (Jyotiṣa. Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki, (רבי שלמה יצחקי better known by the acronym Rashi Noah (or Noe, Noach;; Nūḥ; Arabic: نوح; "Rest") was according to the Bible, the tenth and last of
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Biblical context
Sandwiched between two genealogical lines, the passage describing Lamech, son of Methushael, descendant of Cain and his children is fairly substantive:
- Lamech had two wives: Adah, and Tsilah. Adah gave birth to Yaval, the father of tent-dwellers, and cattle owners. His brother was Yuval, the father of harpists, and pipers. This article is about the moshav For other uses see Yuval (disambiguation. Tsilah, on the other hand, gave birth to Tuval-Cain, who instructed the artificers of brass and iron. Tuval-Cain's sister was Naamah. Naamah or Na'amah ( Hebrew: נעמה meaning pleasant is a figure in the Bible and Jewish mysticism. And Lamech said to Adah and Tsilah, his wives:
- Hear my voice: ye wives of Lamech, hearken unto my speech:
- For I have slain a man to my wounding, and a young man to my hurt.
- If Cain shall be avenged sevenfold, truly Lamech seventy-sevenfold.
- Genesis 4:19-24 in paraphrase
Genesis 5:25-31 records that the other Lamech, the son of Methuselah, was 182 years old at the birth of Noah, and that he lived for another 595 years after this, making his age at death 777 years (or just a few years before the Flood). Noah (or Noe, Noach;; Nūḥ; Arabic: نوح; "Rest") was according to the Bible, the tenth and last of The story of a Great Flood (also known as the Deluge) sent by a Deity or deities to destroy Civilization as an act of Divine retribution is a With such numbers in this geneaological account, calculations such as those of Archbishop Ussher would suggest that Adam was still alive for about the first 50 years of Lamech's life. James Ussher (sometimes spelled Usher) (4 January 1581–21 March 1656 was Anglican Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland See also Adam and Eve Adam ( Hebrew: אָדָם was according to a literal interpretation of Genesis, the first man created by
The names
There are various suggestions of the correct translations for the names:
| Name | Hebrew | Possible translations |
|---|---|---|
| Lamech | לָמֶךְ | Pauper (via Hebrew), Priest/Servant of God (via Akkadian) |
| Adah | עָדָה | Ornament, Dawn |
| Zillah | צִלָּה | Shadow |
| Jabal | יָבָל | Shepherd |
| Jubal | יוּבָל | The ram's horn, Musician, (also) stream |
| Tubal-Cain | תּוּבַל קַיִן | Thou wilt be brought of Cain (not translating Cain), Blacksmith (translating Cain) |
| Naamah | נַעֲמָה | Beautiful, Pleasure |
The older Septuagint, unlike the Masoretic Text, does not present the name Tubal rather than Tubal-Cain. This list contains persons named in The Bible of minor notability about whom either nothing or very little is known aside from any family connections Naamah or Na'amah ( Hebrew: נעמה meaning pleasant is a figure in the Bible and Jewish mysticism. The Septuagint (ˈsɛptuədʒɪnt or simply " LXX " is the Koine Greek version of the Hebrew Bible, translated in stages between the The Masoretic Text ( MT) is the Hebrew text of the Jewish Bible ( Tanakh)
Translating the names as well, it is possible to read the text of the story of Lamech as:
- God's servant took two wives, light and darkness. The light brought forth the shepherd, who was the father of tent-dwellers, and herdsmen, and his brother was the musician, who was the father of harpists and pipers. But the darkness brought forth the blacksmith, the forger of brass, and of iron, and his sister was pleasure. Brass is any Alloy of Copper and Zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26
Interpretation
When fully translated, the text has a strong resemblance simply to a basic mythology concerning the origin of the various forms of civilisation, the shepherds and musicians being products of the day, and pleasure being a product of the night. Blacksmiths, in carrying out their trade, are also associated with the darkness. Thus, in a sense, Lamech could be interpreted as a culture hero. A culture hero is a Mythological Hero specific to some group ( cultural, ethnic, racial, religious, etc Some of the names also appear to demonstrate punning - Jabal, Jubal, and Tubal rhyme, and appear to be derived from the same root - JBL (YVL in modern Hebrew): to bring forth, (also) to carry. A similar description existed amongst Phoenicians. Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun
The names are instead interpreted in the Midrash as an attack on polygamy. Midrash ( Hebrew: מדרש plural midrashim, lit "to repeat" is a Hebrew term referring to the not exact but comparative ( homiletic The term polygamy (a Greek word meaning "the practice of multiple marriage" is used in related ways in Social anthropology, Sociobiology, and Adah is there interpreted as the deposed one, implying that Lamech spurned her in favour of Zillah, whose own name is understood to mean she shaded herself [from Zillah at Lamech's side]. The Midrash consequently regards Adah as having been treated as a slave, tyrannised by her husband, who was at the beck and call of his mistress, Zillah. It further goes on to claim that part of the immorality, which had led God to flood the earth, was the polygamy practised by Lamech and his generation.
The rabbinical tradition is just as condemning of Naamah. While a minority, such as Abba ben Kahana, see Naamah as having become Noah's wife, and being so named because her conduct was pleasing to God, the majority of classical rabbinical sources consider her name to be due to her singing pleasant songs in worship of idols.
The Song of the Sword
The last part of the tale of Lamech (Genesis 4:23-24), takes the form of a brief poem, which refers back to the curse of Cain. In the poem, Lamech's stance resembles that of a supreme warrior, able to avenge himself absolutely. However, no explanation of who Lamech supposedly killed is ever given in the Tanakh. See also Old testament, Septuagint, Targum, Peshitta The Tanakh (תַּנַ"ךְ (taˈnax or; also Tenakh or Tenak is Some scholars have proposed that it is connected to the invention, contextually by Tubal-Cain, of the sword, for which reason the poem is often referred to as the Song of the Sword. The poem may originate from the mysterious Book of the Wars of the Lord, though the greater context for it is likely to remain obscure. The Book of the Wars of the Lord is one of several Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible which has now been completely lost.
However, this paucity of context did not stop a rabbinical tradition growing up around it. The Talmud and Midrash present an extensive legend, told, for example, by Rashi, in which Lamech first loses his sight from age, and had to be led by Tubal-Cain, the seventh generation from Cain. The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history Midrash ( Hebrew: מדרש plural midrashim, lit "to repeat" is a Hebrew term referring to the not exact but comparative ( homiletic Tubal-Cain saw in the distance something that he first took for an animal, but it was actually Cain (still alive, due to the extensive life span of the antediluvians) whom Lamech had accidentally killed with an arrow. When they discovered who it was, Lamech, in sorrow, clapped his hands together, which (for an unclear reason) kills Tubal-Cain. In consequence, Lamech's wives desert him. A similar legend is preserved in the pseudepigraphic Second Book of Adam and Eve, Chapter XIII; in this version Tubal-Cain is not named, but is instead referred to as "the young shepherd. The Books of Adam is a collective name of several Apocryphal books relating to Adam and Eve. " After Lamech claps his hands he strikes the young shepherd on the head. To ensure his death, he then smashed his head with a rock.
An alternate form of this negative attitude towards Lamech (such as Targum Pseudo-Jonathan) claims that even though Lamech did not kill anyone, his wives refused to associate with him and denied him sex, on the grounds that Cain's line was to be annihilated after seven generations. The poem is then given by Lamech to allay their fears. Other classical sources, such as Josephus, see the word seventy-seven as the number of sons which Lamech eventually had. Josephus (AD 37 – c 100 also known as Yosef Ben Matityahu (Joseph son of Matthias and after he became a Roman citizen, as Titus Flavius Josephus
Extending on this classical view of Lamech is the Book of Moses, regarded in Mormonism as scripture. The Book of Moses is a text published by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and is considered by those within Mormonism to be the translated Mormonism is a term used to describe the religious, ideological and cultural elements of certain branches of the Latter Day Saint movement According to this Latter-day Saint text, Lamech entered into a secret pact with Satan, as had Cain before him, becoming a second Master Mahan. A Latter Satan, ( Standard Hebrew Satan'el, English accuser) is a term that originates from the Abrahamic faiths, being traditionally In the religious texts of the Latter Day Saint movement, Master Mahan is a title assumed first by Cain and later by his descendant Lamech. When Irad (an ancestor of Lamech) learned his secret and began to publicise it, Lamech murdered him. The Generations of Adam according to Genesis 5 is the line of descent going through Seth News of the murder was spread by Lamech's two wives, leading to his being cast out of society.
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