Laguna de Santa Rosa
wetland complex
Looking northeast across the Laguna de Santa Rosa with the Mayacamas Mountains in the background
Name origin: Spanish
Country	United States
State	California
Region	Sonoma County
Tributaries
- left	Washoe Creek, Blucher Creek
- right	Santa Rosa Creek, Hinebaugh Creek, Five Creek
Cities	Rohnert Park, Sebastopol, Cotati
Source
- location	west of Cotati, California
- elevation	260 ft (79 m)
- coordinates	38°19′4″N 122°43′21″W / 38.31778, -122.7225 [1]
Mouth	Mark West Creek
- location	east of Forestville, California
- elevation	46 ft (14 m) [1]
- coordinates	38°28′12″N 122°50′27″W / 38.47, -122.84083 [1]
Length	14 mi (23 km)
Basin	254 sq mi (658 km²)

The Laguna de Santa Rosa is a fourteen mile (22. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A wetland is an area of Land consisting of Soil that is Saturated with Moisture, such as a Swamp, Marsh, or Bog The Mayacmas Mountains (often called the Mayacamas Mountains) are located in northwestern California in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Sonoma County, located on the northern coast of California, is one of the northernmost counties of the nine county Greater San Francisco Bay Area, U Washoe Creek is a Perennial stream located in Sonoma County California. Blucher Creek is a Stream that rises in the hills south of Sebastopol California, United States and empties into the Laguna de Santa Rosa Santa Rosa Creek is a 22 mile (35 km long Stream in Sonoma County California which rises on Hood Mountain and discharges to the Laguna de Santa Hinebaugh Creek (Latitude 3835 Longitude-12273 is a westward-flowing Stream in western Sonoma County within the Laguna de Santa Rosa watershed Five Creek is a westward flowing stream that rises in the city of Rohnert Park California, United States and discharges to the Laguna de Santa Rosa. Rohnert Park is a city in Sonoma County, California, United States, located approximately north of San Francisco. Sebastopol ( pronounced /səˈbæstəˌpʊl/ is a town in Sonoma County, California, United States, approximately north of San Francisco Cotati (koʊˈtɑːtiː is an incorporated city in Sonoma County, California, U Cotati (koʊˈtɑːtiː is an incorporated city in Sonoma County, California, U California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Mark West Creek is a Stream that rises in the Mayacamas Mountains of Sonoma County California, USA. Forestville is a Census-designated place (CDP in Sonoma County, California, United States. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 5 km) long wetland complex that drains a 254-square mile (658-square kilometer) watershed encompassing most of the Santa Rosa Plain in Sonoma County, California, USA. A wetland is an area of Land consisting of Soil that is Saturated with Moisture, such as a Swamp, Marsh, or Bog A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, Sonoma County, located on the northern coast of California, is one of the northernmost counties of the nine county Greater San Francisco Bay Area, U The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Description

The Laguna, whose principal tributary streams rise on the southern slopes of the Sonoma and Mayacamas Mountains,^[2] is the largest tributary of Mark West Creek. A stream is a body of Water with a current, confined within a bed and stream-banks The Sonoma Mountains are a northwest-southeast trending formation of California Coast Ranges in Sonoma County California, USA The Mayacmas Mountains (often called the Mayacamas Mountains) are located in northwestern California in the United States. A tributary is a Stream or River which flows into a mainstem (or parent river Mark West Creek is a Stream that rises in the Mayacamas Mountains of Sonoma County California, USA. The sinuous watercourse and associated wetlands form a significant floodplain during the heavy winter rains, capable of storing over 80,000 acre feet (99,000,000 m³) of stormwater. Stormwater is a term used to describe water that originates during precipitation events

Beyond its hydrological significance, the Laguna is Sonoma County's richest area of wildlife habitat, and the most biologically diverse part of the county, having been called a "national treasure" for its ecological wealth. Hydrology (from Greek Yδωρ hudōr, "water" and λόγος logos, "study" is the study of the movement distribution and quality of Wildlife includes all non-domesticated plants animals and other organisms A habitat (which is Latin for "it inhabits" is an Ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular Species. Biodiversity is the variation of Life forms within a given Ecosystem, Biome or for the entire Earth. Ecology (from Greek grc οἶκος oikos, "house(hold" and grc -λογία -logia) is the scientific study of ^[3] A number of rare and endangered species occur in the Laguna, including federally listed threatened and endangered anadromous salmonid species and three endangered plants that are endemic here. A rare species is an Organism which is very uncommon or scarce An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation Threatened species are any species (including Animals Plants fungi, etc An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation Many types of fish undertake migrations on a regular basis on time scales ranging from daily to annual and with distances ranging from a few meters to thousands of kilometers Salmonidae is a family of Ray-finned fish, the only living family of the order Salmoniformes. Endemism is the Ecological state of being unique to a place Endemic species are not naturally found elsewhere From about 1870 to 1990 water quality and biota deteriorated in the Laguna, due to intensification of urban development^[4] and associated agricultural encroachment into the floodplain. Water quality is the physical chemical and biological characteristics of Water in relationship to a set of standards Agriculture is a major industry in the United States and the country is a net exporter of food In the 1990s the trend began to reverse, but the watercourse is still listed as Impaired under the federal Clean Water Act for sediment, nitrogen, phosphorus, temperature, mercury, and dissolved oxygen, rendering it the most impaired water body on the North Coast of California. The Clean Water Act is the primary Federal law in the United States governing Water pollution. Sediment is any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a body of Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Phosphorus, (ˈfɒsfərəs is the Chemical element that has the symbol P and Atomic number 15 Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature Mercury (ˈmɜrkjʊri also called quicksilver or hydrargyrum, is a Chemical element with the symbol Hg ( Latinized hydrargyrum Oxygen saturation is a relative measure of the amount of Oxygen that is Dissolved or carried in a given medium ^[5] Notwithstanding the large historical reduction in resource extent, the Laguna de Santa Rosa is presently the second largest freshwater wetland in coastal Northern California and still habitat to over 200 species of birds, threatened and endangered salmonid species, bald and golden eagle, osprey, mountain lion, river otter, coyote, bobcat, mink and gray fox. A wetland is an area of Land consisting of Soil that is Saturated with Moisture, such as a Swamp, Marsh, or Bog Northern California is the northern portion of the US state of California. In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Threatened species are any species (including Animals Plants fungi, etc An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation Salmon is the common name for several species of Fish of the family Salmonidae. The Bald Eagle ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is a Bird of prey found in North America that is most recognizable as the national bird and The Golden Eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos) is one of the best known birds of prey in the Northern Hemisphere The Osprey (Pandion haliaetus, also called Sea Hawk, is a diurnal, fish-eating Bird of prey. The cougar ( Puma concolor) also puma, mountain lion, or panther, depending on region is a Mammal of the Felidae family The River Otter rises in the Blackdown Hills just inside the county of Somerset, near Otterford, then flows south for some 32 km through The coyote (kaɪˈoʊti ˈkaɪoʊt ( Canis latrans) also known as the prairie wolf, is a Mammal of the order Carnivora The Bobcat ( Lynx rufus) is a North American Mammal of the cat family Felidae. There are two living species of " mink," the American Mink and the European Mink. The Gray Fox ( Urocyon cinereoargenteus) is a Mammal of the order Carnivora ranging throughout most of the southern half of North America

While the Laguna has been heavily impacted by human activities in its watershed over the past century, in recent years a movement has grown to preserve and restore it both for ecological functions such as habitat values and flood control capacity, and for outdoor recreation, education and research. A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, A habitat (which is Latin for "it inhabits" is an Ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular Species. Flood control is a feature of many communication protocols designed to prevent overwhelming of a destination receiver Recreation or fun is the expenditure of time in a manner designed for therapeutic refreshment of one's Body or Mind. Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency Research is defined as Human activity based on Intellectual application in the investigation of Matter. The nonprofit Laguna de Santa Rosa Foundation, founded in 1989, has professionalized and expanded the scope of its programs since 2002, spearheading efforts to protect, restore, and create opportunities for the public to enjoy and learn in the Laguna. A non-profit organization ( abbreviated "NPO" also "not-for-profit" is a legally constituted Organization whose objective is to support or engage

Course

The principal source of the Laguna de Santa Rosa lies in the hills on the west side of U.S. Route 101 near Cotati, California. In the US state of California, US Route 101 (also known as Highway 101, The 101, or simply 101) is one of the last remaining and Cotati (koʊˈtɑːtiː is an incorporated city in Sonoma County, California, U ^[1] Its waters descend to the east, crossing under U. S. Route 101 and into Cotati at the West Sierra Avenue interchange. It flows under the Old Redwood Highway just south of Charles Street and joins with a drainage channel near the end of Marsh Way. (Some sources consider this channel to be the main Laguna de Santa Rosa. )

From this confluence, the Laguna turns to the northwest and crosses under East Cotati Avenue, providing portions of the boundary between Cotati and Rohnert Park. Rohnert Park is a city in Sonoma County, California, United States, located approximately north of San Francisco. It crosses back under U. S. Route 101 near Southwest Boulevard and leaves Cotati, continuing northwestward through a series of confluences, with Copeland Creek, Washoe Creek, Hinebaugh Creek, and Five Creek. Copeland Creek is a Perennial stream that rises on Sonoma Mountain in Sonoma County California. Washoe Creek is a Perennial stream located in Sonoma County California. Hinebaugh Creek (Latitude 3835 Longitude-12273 is a westward-flowing Stream in western Sonoma County within the Laguna de Santa Rosa watershed Five Creek is a westward flowing stream that rises in the city of Rohnert Park California, United States and discharges to the Laguna de Santa Rosa. It crosses Llano Road near the regional water treatment plant, then crosses Todd Road and joins Blucher Creek. Blucher Creek is a Stream that rises in the hills south of Sebastopol California, United States and empties into the Laguna de Santa Rosa East of Sebastopol, it crosses under State Route 12 at milepost 9. Sebastopol ( pronounced /səˈbæstəˌpʊl/ is a town in Sonoma County, California, United States, approximately north of San Francisco State Route 12 is a State highway in the US state of California that travels in an east-west direction from Sebastopol in Sonoma County 63 and turns to the north. Just south of Guerneville Road, the Santa Rosa Flood Control Channel enters the Laguna, bring water from Santa Rosa Creek and its tributaries. Santa Rosa Creek is a 22 mile (35 km long Stream in Sonoma County California which rises on Hood Mountain and discharges to the Laguna de Santa The Laguna continues north, emptying into Mark West Creek amidst the wetlands east of Forestville. Mark West Creek is a Stream that rises in the Mayacamas Mountains of Sonoma County California, USA. Forestville is a Census-designated place (CDP in Sonoma County, California, United States.

History

Archaeological data illustrates that the western banks of the Laguna had several small villages of Coast Miwok peoples, while the eastern part of the watershed had both Coast Miwok as well as Pomo habitation. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet, but smaller than a Town or City. The Coast Miwok were the second largest group of Miwok Native American people The Pomo people are a linguistic branch of Native American people of Northern California. The ancient Laguna of 2000 BC supported these tribes with abundant fish, fowl and tule reeds for manufacturing homes and canoes. The 20th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2000 BC to 1901 BC The Tule ( Schoenoplectus acutus, syn Scirpus acutus Schoenoplectus lacustris Scirpus lacustris subsp A canoe is a small narrow Boat, typically human-powered though it may also be powered by sails or small electric or gas motors ^[6] In 1833, the original Mexican land grant occurred that involved lands of the Laguna watershed. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. A land grant is a gift of Real estate - land or privileges - made by a government or other authority as a Reward for services In the year 1870, the railroad arrived with associated channelizations and intensification of agricultural uses. By the 1960s, encroachment of the vast eastern plain was almost complete, and the previously rich run of 1. 6 million anadromous fish had virtually collapsed. Many types of fish undertake migrations on a regular basis on time scales ranging from daily to annual and with distances ranging from a few meters to thousands of kilometers By 1989 over 92 percent of the Laguna's historic riparian habitat had been lost, and its water quality had reached critically poor levels. "Riparian" redirects here For the legal doctrine see " Riparian water rights.

Historically the Laguna was the receiving waters for untreated (and later treated) sewage from adjacent cities, which eventually joined to participate in a regional sanitation district under the management of the city of Santa Rosa; to some degree due to regulatory action, litigation and pressure from local advocates, the City has become a partner in Laguna restoration by improving the treatment level of this wastewater and minimizing discharge through tertiary wastewater irrigation reuse for hay farming. Sewage is the mainly liquid Waste containing some solids produced by humans which typically consists of washing water Feces, Urine, laundry waste and other Santa Rosa is the County seat of Sonoma County California, United States Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing Contaminants from Wastewater, both Runoff ( Effluents Hay is a generic term for grass or Legumes that have been cut dried and stored for use as animal feed, particularly for grazing animals like Though concerns remain relating to compliance and management of this system, Santa Rosa's wastewater treatment and management system is considered to be one of the most progressive in the nation.

In that year the Laguna de Santa Rosa Foundation was formed to mobilize public and private resources for preservation and restoration of this natural area. The Foundation has developed education programs, implemented a number of hydrological and ecological restoration projects, and published Enhancing and Caring for the Laguna, a restoration and management plan for the Laguna watershed, in 2006. Restoration ecology is the study of renewing a degraded damaged or destroyed Ecosystem through active human intervention Primarily funded by the California Coastal Conservancy and developed with participation by hundreds of Laguna stakeholder organizations and individuals, the plan serves as a framework for improvement of the Laguna's ecological functions and development of trail access. The California Coastal Conservancy is a State agency in California established in 1976 to enhance coastal resources and access Ecology (from Greek grc οἶκος oikos, "house(hold" and grc -λογία -logia) is the scientific study of A trail is a Path or Road used for Walking, Cycling, Cross-country skiing, or other activities The Foundation is now in the process of designing, funding and implementing projects to meet the goals of this plan.

Geology

Looking east across the Laguna de Santa Rosa floodplain, with the Mayacamas Mountains in the background

As recently as the Miocene period, this entire region was submerged below the Pacific Ocean. ||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||}A floodplain, or flood plain, is flat or nearly flat land adjacent to a Stream or River that experiences occasional or periodic The Mayacmas Mountains (often called the Mayacamas Mountains) are located in northwestern California in the United States. The Miocene is a geological epoch of the Neogene period and extends from about 23 The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions Around 12 million years ago, processes of uplift and volcanic action formed the Mayacamas and Sonoma Mountains to the east and established the main geomorphic features of the present day landscape. Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the Geomorphology (from Greek: γη ge, "earth" μορφή morfé, "form" and λόγος Logos, "knowledge" Millions of years of stream erosion carving these mountains led to the rich soils of the Santa Rosa Plain and the Laguna de Santa Rosa drainage that meandered on the vast plain. The western hills are much less pronounced in elevation, and contribute far less to the drainage area of the basin.

Soil types within the Laguna are quite complex and vary by reach. Many of the soils of the immediate Laguna area are classified as Clear Lake clay; these soils are associated with regions of poor drainage, and are underlain by alluvium and sedimentary rock. Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained Minerals which show plasticity through a variable range of Water content, and Alluvium (from the Latin, alluvius, from alluere, "to wash against" is Soil or Sediments deposited by a river or other running Sedimentary rock is one of the three main rock types (the others being igneous and Metamorphic rock) ^[7] The surface of these soils is typically dark gray, and soils acidity ranges from slight to medium for the first 39 inches (100 cm) of depth; underlying this upper soil layer is a moderately alkaline dark gray clay. In Computer science, ACID ( Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that Database transactions are In Chemistry, an alkali (from Arabic: Al-Qaly القلي القالي) is a basic, ionic salt of an Alkali metal Deeper, typically below 46 inches (117 cm), is a gray and light brownish gray moderately alkaline clay. Wright loams are also present within the Laguna. The slope of the drainage basin is typically zero to two percent.

Hydrology and water quality

Tule-edged pond for water polishing treatment of effluent from City of Santa Rosa sewage treatment, Laguna de Santa Rosa

The Laguna de Santa Rosa is a principal tributary of Mark West Creek. The Tule ( Schoenoplectus acutus, syn Scirpus acutus Schoenoplectus lacustris Scirpus lacustris subsp Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing Contaminants from Wastewater, both Runoff ( Effluents Mark West Creek is a Stream that rises in the Mayacamas Mountains of Sonoma County California, USA. Largest among the many tributaries of the Laguna are Santa Rosa Creek, Copeland Creek, Hinebaugh Creek, Five Creek, Washoe Creek and Blucher Creek. Santa Rosa Creek is a 22 mile (35 km long Stream in Sonoma County California which rises on Hood Mountain and discharges to the Laguna de Santa Copeland Creek is a Perennial stream that rises on Sonoma Mountain in Sonoma County California. Hinebaugh Creek (Latitude 3835 Longitude-12273 is a westward-flowing Stream in western Sonoma County within the Laguna de Santa Rosa watershed Five Creek is a westward flowing stream that rises in the city of Rohnert Park California, United States and discharges to the Laguna de Santa Rosa. Washoe Creek is a Perennial stream located in Sonoma County California. Blucher Creek is a Stream that rises in the hills south of Sebastopol California, United States and empties into the Laguna de Santa Rosa The Laguna consists of a winding ribbon of flow in the dry summer season and a massive floodplain that resembles a series of lakes in the winter storm season. There are numerous vernal pools on the floodplain that extend for miles to the east, which support many rare and endangered species. Vernal pools, also called ephemeral pools, are temporary pools of water A rare species is an Organism which is very uncommon or scarce An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation

With regard to water quality, the Laguna de Santa Rosa is listed as Impaired under the federal Clean Water Act for sediment, nitrogen, phosphorus, temperature, mercury, and dissolved oxygen, its six such listings being the most of any water body on the North Coast of California. The Clean Water Act is the primary Federal law in the United States governing Water pollution. Sediment is any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a body of Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Phosphorus, (ˈfɒsfərəs is the Chemical element that has the symbol P and Atomic number 15 Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature Mercury (ˈmɜrkjʊri also called quicksilver or hydrargyrum, is a Chemical element with the symbol Hg ( Latinized hydrargyrum Oxygen saturation is a relative measure of the amount of Oxygen that is Dissolved or carried in a given medium

Ecology

The Laguna de Santa Rosa is a complex of habitat types including freshwater riparian forest and floodplains, seasonal wetlands and vernal pools, upland valley oak savanna and freshwater tule marsh. "Riparian" redirects here For the legal doctrine see " Riparian water rights. A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria ||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||}A floodplain, or flood plain, is flat or nearly flat land adjacent to a Stream or River that experiences occasional or periodic A wetland is an area of Land consisting of Soil that is Saturated with Moisture, such as a Swamp, Marsh, or Bog Vernal pools, also called ephemeral pools, are temporary pools of water The Valley oak (Quercus lobata is the largest of North American oaks A savanna or savannah is a Tropical or Subtropical Grassland or Woodland Ecosystem. The Tule ( Schoenoplectus acutus, syn Scirpus acutus Schoenoplectus lacustris Scirpus lacustris subsp In Geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of Wetland which is subject A number of rare and endangered species are found in the Laguna, such as the California Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma californiense), California freshwater shrimp (Syncaris pacifica) and Sebastopol meadowfoam (Limnanthes vinculans). A rare species is an Organism which is very uncommon or scarce An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation The California tiger salamander ( Ambystoma californiense) is an Endangered amphibian native to Northern California. Syncaris pacifica is an Endangered species of freshwater Shrimp in the family Atyidae that occurs only in a limited range Limnanthes vinculans, or Sebastopol meadowfoam, is an Endangered species of Meadowfoam found only in the Laguna de Santa Rosa As an element of the Pacific Flyway, the Laguna is home to a large variety of avifauna including Clapper Rail, Canada Goose (Branta canadensis), Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura), Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus), Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia), Great Egret (Casmerodius albus), Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) and American Kestrel (Falco sparverius). The Pacific Flyway is a major north-south route of travel for Migratory birds in the Americas, extending from Alaska to Patagonia. The Clapper Rail ( Rallus longirostris) is a member of the rail family Rallidae. The Canada Goose ( Branta canadensis) is a Goose belonging to the Genus Branta native to North America. The Turkey Vulture, Cathartes aura, also known in some North American regions as the Turkey Buzzard (or just "buzzard" is a Bird The Black-necked Stilt is a locally abundant Shorebird of American wetlands and coastlines The Burrowing Owl ( Athene cunicularia) is a small long-legged owl found throughout open landscapes of North and South America The Great Egret Ardea alba, also known as the Great White Egret, or Common Egret, is a wading Egret, found in most of the tropical and The Great Blue Heron, Ardea herodias, is a wading Bird in the Heron family Ardeidae, common over most of North and Central The American Kestrel ( Falco sparverius) is a small Falcon. This bird was (and sometimes still is colloquially known in North America as More than 200 species of birds are known to reside in or feed and rest in the Laguna in the course of migration. In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Many types of fish undertake migrations on a regular basis on time scales ranging from daily to annual and with distances ranging from a few meters to thousands of kilometers Salmonid species listed as threatened or endangered species are known to travel through the Laguna to spawn in its tributaries, including steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Salmonidae is a family of Ray-finned fish, the only living family of the order Salmoniformes. A tributary is a Stream or River which flows into a mainstem (or parent river The rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a species of Salmonid native to tributaries of the Pacific Ocean in Asia and North America The Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, (from the Russian кижуч kizhuch) is a Species of Anadromous Fish

Stewardship & Land Management

Much of the Laguna's most important habitat is in private hands, and multiple public agencies regulate various aspects of the Laguna's water, lands and natural resources. At the federal level, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has played a role in analysis of water quality, especially related to sediment issues, and the National Marine Fisheries Service of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration regulates critical habitat and recovery efforts for threatened and endangered salmonid species. The United States Army Corps of Engineers ( USACE) is a federal agency and a major Army command made up of some 34600 Civilian and 650 Military personnel The US National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS is a United States federal agency The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) is a scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the The state of California, through its Department of Fish and Game, has ownership involvement as well as an enforcement role in species protection, while the North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board is responsible for regulating water quality in the Laguna. The California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG is a department within the Government of California, falling under its parent California Resources Agency. Locally, the Sonoma County Water Agency manages areas of the Laguna for flood control, and the City of Santa Rosa's Subregional wastewater System's main plant is located in the Laguna floodplain and owns and manages adjacent lands for storage and agricultural reuse of treated wastewater as well as for habitat values. Santa Rosa is the County seat of Sonoma County California, United States Distinguish from Wastwater (a lake in the Lake District in northwest England The City of Sebastopol also owns lands in the Laguna which it manages as public parkland. Sebastopol ( pronounced /səˈbæstəˌpʊl/ is a town in Sonoma County, California, United States, approximately north of San Francisco In the private sector, the Laguna de Santa Rosa Foundation plays an active role in planning, public education, restoration, research and implementation of education programs in the Laguna. In Economics, the private sector is that part of the economy which is both run for private Profit and is not controlled by the State.

Bridges

At least ten bridges span the Laguna as it flows along the heavily populated U.S. Route 101 corridor: ^[8]

• at Old Redwood Highway near Commerce Boulevard, a 24-foot (7 m) concrete culvert built in 1956
• at U.S. Route 101 northbound, a 22-foot (7 m) concrete culvert built in 1956
• at U.S. Route 101 southbound, a 22-foot (7 m) concrete tee beam built in 1919 and reconstructed in 1994
• at Redwood Drive, a 22-foot (7 m) concrete culvert built in 1956 and reconstructed in 2002
• at Llano Road, a 179-foot (55 m) concrete continuous slab built in 1962
• at Todd Road, a 152-foot (46 m) concrete continuous slab built in 1973
• at Stony Point Road, a 236-foot (72 m) concrete continuous slab built in 1960 and reconstructed in 1994
• at State Route 12, 220-foot (67 m) concrete continuous tee beam built in 1921 and reconstructed in 1949
• at Occidental Road, a 240-foot (73 m) concrete continuous slab built in 1990, and
• at Guerneville Road, a 446-foot (136 m) concrete continuous tee beam built in 1957. In the US state of California, US Route 101 (also known as Highway 101, The 101, or simply 101) is one of the last remaining and In the US state of California, US Route 101 (also known as Highway 101, The 101, or simply 101) is one of the last remaining and In the US state of California, US Route 101 (also known as Highway 101, The 101, or simply 101) is one of the last remaining and State Route 12 is a State highway in the US state of California that travels in an east-west direction from Sebastopol in Sonoma County

See also

• Coho salmon
• List of watercourses in the San Francisco Bay Area
• Santa Rosa Creek

References

External links

• Laguna de Santa Rosa Foundation official site
• Community Clean Water Institute Laguna de Santa Rosa water quality monitoring