Lady Juliana (also known as the Lady Julian) was a convict ship dispatched in 1789 from Britain to Australia. Robert Dodd (1748–1815 was a British marine painter and graphic artist A convict is "a person found guilty of a Crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison" sometimes referred to in Slang She was the first convict ship to arrive at Port Jackson in New South Wales after the First Fleet. Port Jackson, containing Sydney Harbour, is the natural harbour of Sydney Australia The First Fleet is the name given to the 11 Ships which sailed from Great Britain on 13 May 1787 to establish the first European colony in New South Wales. She is therefore sometimes considered as part of the Second Fleet and sometimes not. The Second Fleet frequently is regarded as being the group of four ships which arrived together at Sydney Cove in Port Jackson, New South Wales in late
A ship of 401 tons she was chartered to transport prostitutes[1]. Prostitution is the act of performing Sexual activity in exchange for Money. Her master was Thomas Edgar who had sailed with James Cook on his last voyage. Captain James Cook FRS RN ( – 14 February 1779) was an English Explorer, Navigator and The surgeon was Richard Alley who was apparently competent by the standards of the day, but made little attempt to maintain discipline. After a delay of six months the Lady Juliana left Plymouth on 29 July 1789 with 226 female convicts, and took 309 days to reach Port Jackson, one of the slowest journeys made by a convict ship. Plymouth ( is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England about south west of London. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common She called at Tenerife and St Jago, and spent forty five days at Rio de Janeiro, and nineteen days at the Cape of Good Hope. Tenerife (previously known and spelled as "Teneriffe" in English before mass tourism adopted the Spanish spelling a Spanish Island, is the largest Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil The Cape of Good Hope ( Afrikaans: Kaap die Goeie Hoop, Kaap de Goede Hoop Cabo da Boa Esperança Persian Language: دماغه امید نیک
An account of the voyage was written by her steward John Nicol. He gives a fascinating account of the voyage and the convicts. Most of these were London prostitutes, but there were some hardened criminals - thieves, receivers of stolen goods, shoplifters - among them.
The vessel gained the reputation for being a floating brothel. Nicol recalled that "when we were fairly out to sea, every man on board took a wife from among the convicts, they nothing loath. " At the ports of call seamen from other ships were freely entertained, and the officers made no attempt to suppress this licentious activity. The convicts were reported to be noisy and unruly, with a fondness for liquor, and they frequently fought amongst themselves.
During the voyage only five convicts died. Rations were properly issued, the vessel kept clean and fumigated, the women were given free access to the deck, and supplies of fresh food were obtained at the ports of call. This treatment was in sharp contrast to that meted out on the infamous Second Fleet. The Second Fleet frequently is regarded as being the group of four ships which arrived together at Sydney Cove in Port Jackson, New South Wales in late
Lady Juliana arrived at Port Jackson on 6 June 1790, the first vessel to be seen by the members of the first settlement since their own arrival almost two and a half years before. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year In the grip of starvation, with HMS Sirius wrecked at Norfolk Island Judge Advocate David Collins was mortified at the arrival of "a cargo so unnecessary and so unprofitable as 222 females, instead of a cargo of provisions". See HMS ''Sirius'' for other ships of this name Berwick was built by Watsons of Rotherhithe in 1780 for the Baltic trade Norfolk Island ( Norfuk: Norfuk Ailen) is a small inhabited island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand David Collins ( 3 March 1754 – 24 March 1810) was the inaugural Lieutenant Governor of the Colony of Van Diemens Land, founded Lieutenant Ralph Clark was more blunt, lamenting the arrival of still more "damned whores". The ship carried letters bringing the first news of events in Europe to the settlement since the First Fleet had sailed in May 1787. Two weeks later the storeship Justinian arrived, followed a week later by the three ships of the Second Fleet with their shameful cargo of starved and maltreated convicts. The Justinian was a Storeship which carried provisions to the Convict settlement at New South Wales.
After repairs to her strained timbers, the Lady Juliana sailed for China on 25 July 1790 to take on a cargo of tea for the East India Company. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
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Notable Convicts aboard Lady Juliana
- Mary Wade - Mary was transported as the youngest convict at 11 years of age, and at the time of her death at age 82, had over 300 living descendants. Mary Ann Wade ( October 5, 1777 &ndash December 17, 1859) was only 11 years old when transported to Australia as the youngest
- Elizabeth Steel - Elizabeth is historically recorded as the first deaf Australian. Elizabeth Steel arrived in Sydney Cove as a convict on board the Lady Juliana on 3 June 1790 as part of the Second Fleet, aged 23 or 24 Her Headstone was recently discovered in 1991.
References
- ^ Australia Her Story, by Kylie Tennant
Further reading
- Bateson, Charles, The Convict Ships, 1787-1868, Sydney, AH & AW Reed, 1974. Kathleen Kylie Tennant AO ( 12 March 1912 &ndash 28 February 1988, kаɪliː was an Australian Novelist,
- Nicol, John, John Nicol, Mariner: Life and Adventures 1776-1801, Melbourne, Text Publishing, 1997.
- Rees, Sian, The Floating Brothel, Sydney, Hodder, 2001.
External links
- "Voyage of the Courtesans" - Secrets of the Dead, PBS
- "Convicts to Australia - Lady Juliana 1790"
- The Lady Julian
- ABC Television Documentary ' The Floating Brothel'
- The Lady Julian Poem
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