Jane
Queen of England and Ireland (more...)
The Streatham Portrait, discovered at the beginning of 21st century, is believed by many to be among the first posthumous portraits of Lady Jane Grey. The precise style of British Sovereigns has varied over the years [1]
Reign	6 July/10 July 1553 – 19 July 1553
Predecessor	Edward VI
Successor	Mary I
Consort	Lord Guilford Dudley
Detail Titles and styles
HM The Queen Lady Jane Dudley Lady Jane Grey
Royal house	House of Tudor
Father	Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk
Mother	Lady Frances Brandon
Born	1536-1537
Died	12 February 1554 Tower of London (executed)
Burial	St Peter ad Vincula, London

Lady Jane Grey, (1536/1537–12 February 1554), a grandniece of Henry VIII of England, reigned as uncrowned Queen Regnant of the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Ireland for nine days in July 1553. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Edward VI (12 October 1537 &ndash 6 July 1553 became King of England and Ireland on 28 January 1547 and was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine Mary I (18 February 1516 &ndash 17 November 1558 was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death A royal house or royal dynasty is a familial designation or Family name of sorts used by Royalty. The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was an English royal Dynasty that lasted 118 years from 1485 to 1603 a period known as the Tudor period Henry Grey Marquess of Dorset ( 17 January 1517 &ndash 23 February 1554) was an English nobleman of the Tudor period Frances Grey Duchess of Suffolk ( July 16, 1517 &ndash November 20, 1559) born Lady Frances Brandon, was the second child and Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically as The Tower) is a historic monument in central London Decapitation (from Latin, caput, capitis, meaning head or beheading, is the cutting off of the head of a person or animal For other churches of this dedication see St Peter ad Vincula (disambiguation. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of List of current queens regnant A queen regnant (plural "queens regnant" is qualifying reference to a female Monarch possessing and exercising all of the monarchal The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally The designation King of Ireland (Rí na hÉireann and Queen (regnant of Ireland was used during three periods of Irish history. It is the shortest rule of England in its history, and England's first female monarch (excepting Empress Matilda). Matilda of England (sometimes Maud or Maude; 7 February 1102 &ndash 10 September 1167 was the daughter and dispossessed Heir of Henry I of England

Jane's accession, pursuant to the will of Edward VI, breached the laws of England as under the Third Succession Act. In Common law, a will or testament is a document by which a person (the Testator) regulates the rights of others over his or her Property Edward VI (12 October 1537 &ndash 6 July 1553 became King of England and Ireland on 28 January 1547 and was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine The Third Succession Act of Henry VIII's reign was passed by the Parliament of England in mid-1543 and returned both Mary and Elizabeth to the Mary Tudor, Henry VIII's oldest daughter, was the legitimate and rightful heir to the Crown. Mary I (18 February 1516 &ndash 17 November 1558 was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death Mary had been declared illegitimate by her father, and the same ruling had been applied to her younger half-sister, Elizabeth, later Elizabeth I. (This declaration of illegitimacy was made to keep Mary, a Catholic, from receiving the crown, which Henry VIII had for a time wished to keep in Protestant hands. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. ) Their positions in the line of succession had however been restored by the Third Act of Succession.

Nevertheless, many high-ranking nobles proved themselves pliable to accepting Jane as Queen of England. Acting largely out of financial self-interest, they supported her even if only as part of a power struggle to stop Henry's first-born child, Mary, from ascending to the throne. The rule of Jane, a Protestant, soon ended when the authorities abandoned their support for her as Queen when they realised Mary had won the day. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Mary subsequently had Jane executed for high treason, following another attempt to seize the crown for Jane by her supporters. See also Treason, High treason in the United Kingdom High treason is criminal disloyalty to one's country Wyatt's Rebellion was a popular uprising in England in 1554 named for Thomas Wyatt the younger, one of its leaders

Popular history sometimes refers to Lady Jane as "The Nine Days' Queen"^[2] (10 July — 19 July 1553) or, less commonly, as "The Thirteen Days' Queen" (6 July — 19 July 1553) — owing to uncertainties as to when she succeeded to the throne. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. This article is about royal thrones for the order of Angels by the same name see Thrones. Historians have taken either the day of her predecessor's death (6 July) or that of her official proclamation as Queen (10 July), as the beginning of her short reign. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.

Lady Jane had a reputation as one of the most learned women of her day, and the historical writer Alison Weir describes her as one of "the finest female minds of the century". Alison Weir (born 1951) is a British Writer of History books mostly in the form of biographies about British royalty

Early life And Education

Lady Jane Grey, by Magdalena van de Passe and Willem van de Passe, engraving, published 1620. The origin of the image remains unknown.

Jane was born at Bradgate Park near Leicester. Bradgate Park is a public park in Charnwood Forest, in Leicestershire, England, just northwest of Leicester. Leicester (ˈlɛstə is the largest city and Unitary authority area in the East Midlands of England, and is the traditional The traditional view is that she was born around October 1537, but recent research has led to the claim that she was born earlier, on an unknown date in late 1536 or early 1537^[3] the eldest daughter of Henry Grey, Marquess of Dorset and his wife Lady Frances Brandon. Henry Grey Marquess of Dorset ( 17 January 1517 &ndash 23 February 1554) was an English nobleman of the Tudor period Frances Grey Duchess of Suffolk ( July 16, 1517 &ndash November 20, 1559) born Lady Frances Brandon, was the second child and Lady Frances was the daughter of Princess Mary, the younger sister of Henry VIII. This article is about Mary Queen consort of France. For her niece and namesake Mary Tudor Queen regnant of England, see Mary I Jane had two younger sisters, Lady Catherine Grey and Lady Mary Grey; through their mother, the three sisters were great-granddaughters of Henry VII and members of the House of Tudor. Lady Catherine Grey (sometimes spelled "Katherine" ( 25 August 1540 - 26 January 1568) Countess of Hertford was the second Lady Mary Grey (1545&ndash April 20, 1578) sometimes spelled Marie was the third and last daughter of Henry Grey 1st Duke of Suffolk and Lady Frances The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was an English royal Dynasty that lasted 118 years from 1485 to 1603 a period known as the Tudor period Her father was a descendant of Edward IV's commoner Queen, Elizabeth Woodville, by her first husband. Edward IV ( 28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 until 2 October Elizabeth Woodville or Wydeville ( 3 February 1437 &ndash 7 June / 8 June 1492) was the Queen consort of Jane received a comprehensive education, and studied Latin, Greek and Hebrew as well as contemporary languages. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Through the teachings of her tutors, she became a committed Protestant. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation.

Jane had a difficult childhood. Frances Brandon was an abusive, cruel, and domineering woman who felt that Jane was weak and gentle and held her under a strict disciplinary regime. ^[4] Her daughter's meekness and quiet, unassuming manner irritated Frances who sought to 'harden' the child with regular beatings. Devoid of a mother's love and craving affection and understanding, Jane turned to books as solace and quickly mastered skills in the arts and languages. However, she felt that nothing she could do would please her parents. Speaking to a visitor, Cambridge scholar Roger Ascham, tutor to the Lady Elizabeth, she said:

For when I am in the presence of either Father or Mother, whether I speak, keep silence, sit, stand or go, eat, drink, be merry or sad, be sewing, playing, dancing, or doing anything else, I must do it as it were in such weight, measure and number, even so perfectly as God made the world; or else I am so sharply taunted, so cruelly threatened, yea presently sometimes with pinches, nips and bobs and other ways . Roger Ascham (c 1515 - 23 December 1568) English scholar and didactic writer famous for his prose style his promotion of the vernacular . . that I think myself in hell. ^[5]

In 1546, at less than 10 years old, Jane was sent to live as the ward of 35-year old Catherine Parr, who had married King Henry VIII in 1543. Catherine Parr ( c 1512 &ndash 5 September 1548 also known as Katherine or Katharine Parr(e, was the last of the six wives of Henry Queen Catherine was a warm and loving woman who took the young Jane under her wing. Having never experienced any demonstration of love from her own mother, Jane basked in the warm affection she received from her Aunt Catherine and blossomed into a fine young woman. She also became acquainted with her royal cousins, Edward, Mary, and Elizabeth. Jane's spirits rose and she learned to assert herself.

Contracts for marriage

After King Henry VIII died, Catherine Parr married Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley. Thomas Seymour 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley (c 1508 &ndash March 20, 1549) was a son of Sir John Seymour and the former Margarey Wentworth Unfortunately, Catherine died shortly after the birth of her only child, Mary Seymour, leaving the young Jane once again bereft of a maternal figure. Mary Seymour ( 30 August 1548 -after 1550 ? was the only daughter of Thomas Seymour, Baron Seymour of Sudeley and Catherine Parr, widow of Jane acted as chief mourner at Catherine's funeral.

Thomas Seymour proposed marrying Jane to his nephew, the newly-crowned Edward VI of England. Edward VI (12 October 1537 &ndash 6 July 1553 became King of England and Ireland on 28 January 1547 and was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine However, Seymour's brother, Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, held the power in their nephew Edward's household. } Edward Seymour 1st Duke of Somerset (c 1506 &ndash 22nd January 1552 was Lord Protector of England in the period between the death of Henry VIII in Somerset had already arranged a match for the king with Princess Elisabeth of France, the daughter of Henry II of France. Élisabeth of Valois ( April 2 1545 &ndash October 3 1568) was the eldest daughter of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Henry II (Henri II (31 March 1519 &ndash 10 July 1559 of the House of Valois and the son and successor of Francis I, was King of France from 31

With two conflicting goals, the Seymour brothers engaged in a power struggle. However, primarily due to the ill health of the young king, the marriage between Edward and Jane never took place. The Seymour brothers were eventually both tried for treason and executed after a coup by the ambitious John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland. Lord John Dudley (1501 &ndash 22 August, 1553) was a Tudor general admiral and politician who de facto ruled England in the latter half of King

Jane was next contracted in marriage to Lord Hertford, the eldest son of the late Duke of Somerset (citation needed). Edward Seymour 1st Earl of Hertford (1539&ndash1621 was the son of Edward Seymour 1st Duke of Somerset, by his second wife Anne Stanhope. However, ongoing negotiations between her mother, Frances Brandon, and Northumberland led to a proposed marriage to Lord Guilford Dudley, son of the newly powerful Duke. The couple were married, in a double wedding with Jane's sister Catherine and Lord Herbert, son of Lord Pembroke, on May 21, 1553. Lady Catherine Grey (sometimes spelled "Katherine" ( 25 August 1540 - 26 January 1568) Countess of Hertford was the second Henry Herbert 2nd Earl of Pembroke KG (1534 &ndash 19 January 1601) was a statesman of the Elizabethan era. William Herbert 1st Earl of Pembroke KG (c 1501 &ndash March 17, 1570) was a Tudor noble and courtier Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily.

Claim to the throne and accession

Painting sometimes claimed to depict Lady Jane Grey; by an unknown 16th century artist.

See also: Third Succession Act

According to male primogeniture, the Suffolks — the Brandons and, later, the Greys — comprised the junior branch of the heirs of Henry VII. The Third Succession Act of Henry VIII's reign was passed by the Parliament of England in mid-1543 and returned both Mary and Elizabeth to the Primogeniture is the Common law right of the Firstborn son to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings The Third Succession Act restored both Mary and Elizabeth to the line of succession, although the law continued to regard both of them as illegitimate. The Third Succession Act of Henry VIII's reign was passed by the Parliament of England in mid-1543 and returned both Mary and Elizabeth to the Furthermore, this Act authorised Henry VIII to alter the succession by his will. Henry's last will reinforced the succession of his three surviving children, then declared that, should none of his three children leave heirs, the throne would pass to heirs of his younger sister, Mary Tudor, Queen of France, which included Jane. This article is about Mary Queen consort of France. For her niece and namesake Mary Tudor Queen regnant of England, see Mary I Henry's will excluded the descendants of his elder sister Margaret Tudor, owing in part to Henry's desire to keep the English throne out of the hands of the Scots monarchs, and in part to a previous Act of Parliament of 1431 barring foreign-born persons, including royalty, from inheriting property in England. Margaret Tudor ( 28 November, 1489 &ndash 18 October 1541) was the elder of the two surviving daughters of Henry VII of England Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

At the time of Edward's death, the crown would pass to Mary and her male (not female) heirs. Should Mary die without male issue, the crown would then pass to Elizabeth and her male heirs. Should Elizabeth die without male issue, the crown would pass not to Frances Brandon, but rather to any male children she might have produced by that time. In the absence of male children born to Frances, the crown would pass to any male children Jane might have.

When Edward VI lay dying in 1553 at age 15, his Roman Catholic half-sister Mary was still the heir presumptive to the throne. However, Edward named the (Protestant) heirs of his father's sister, Mary Tudor - not his own half-sister, Mary - as his successors in a will composed on his deathbed,^[6] perhaps under the persuasion of Northumberland. Both Edward and Northumberland knew that this effectively left the throne to Edward's cousin Jane Grey, who (like them) staunchly supported Protestantism and had a very high level of education.

This may have contravened customary testatory law because Edward had not reached the legal testatory age of 21. More importantly, many contemporary legal theorists believed the monarch could not contravene an Act of Parliament, even in matters of the succession; Jane's claim to the throne therefore remained obviously weak. Other historians believed that the King could basically rule through divine right. Henry VII had, after all, seized the throne from the rightful King, Richard III, on the battlefield. Richard III ( 2 October 1452 &ndash 22 August 1485) was King of England from 1483 until his death

Edward VI died on 6 July 1553. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Four days later, Northumberland had Lady Jane Grey proclaimed Queen of England on 10 July 1553 - once she had taken up a secure residence in the Tower of London (English monarchs customarily resided in the Tower from the time of accession until their coronation). Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically as The Tower) is a historic monument in central London Jane refused to name her husband Dudley as king by letters patent and deferred to Parliament. Letters patent are a type of Legal instrument in the form of an Open letter issued by a Monarch or Government, granting an office right She offered to make him Duke of Clarence instead. Duke of Clarence is a title which has been traditionally awarded to junior members of the English and British Royal families.

Northumberland faced a number of key tasks in order to consolidate his power after Edward's death. Political power ( Imperium in Latin is a type of power held by a group in a Society which allows administration of some or all of Most importantly, he had to isolate and, ideally, capture Lady Mary in order to prevent her from gathering support around her. Mary, however, learned of his intentions and took flight, sequestering herself in Framlingham Castle in Suffolk. Framlingham Castle is an important castle in the market town of Framlingham, Suffolk, England. Suffolk (ˈsʌfək is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in East Anglia, England.

Within only nine days, Mary had managed to find sufficient support to ride into London in a triumphant procession on 19 July. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Parliament had no choice but to declare Mary the rightful Queen and denounced and revoked Jane's proclamation as having been coerced. Mary imprisoned Jane and her husband in the Gentleman Gaoler's apartments at the Tower of London, although their lives were initially spared. The Duke of Northumberland was executed on 21 August 1553. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.

Trial and execution

Jane and Lord Guilford Dudley were both charged with high treason, together with two of Dudley's brothers. See also Treason, High treason in the United Kingdom High treason is criminal disloyalty to one's country ^[7] Their trial, by a special commission, took place on 13 November 1553,^[7] at the Guildhall in the City of London. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St The Guildhall is a building in the City of London, off Cheapside and Basinghall Street, in the wards of Bassishaw and Cheap. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically ^[2] The commission was chaired by Sir Thomas White, Lord Mayor of London,^[2][8] and included Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby^[9] and John Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Bath. Sir Thomas White (1492 – 12 February 1567) was an English Cloth merchant, civic benefactor and founder of St John's College Oxford The Right Honourable Lord Mayor of London is the legal title for the Mayor of (and head of the City of London Corporation. Edward Stanley 3rd Earl of Derby (c 10 May 1509 &ndash 24 October 1572) was an English Nobleman. John Bourchier 2nd Earl of Bath (1499 Devon – 10 February 1561) was the son of John Bourchier 1st Earl of Bath and Cecily Daubeny. ^[10] Both defendants were found guilty and sentenced to death. ^[7] Jane's sentence was that she "be burned alive on Tower Hill or beheaded as the Queen pleases. "^[2] However, the imperial ambassador reported to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, that her life was to be spared. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was ^[7]

The Execution of Lady Jane Grey (le Supplice de Jeanne Grey) by French Romantic painter Paul Delaroche, 1833. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Hippolyte Delaroche, commonly known as Paul Delaroche ( July 17, 1797 &ndash November 4, 1856) was a French painter

The Protestant rebellion of Thomas Wyatt the younger in late January 1554 sealed Jane's fate, although she had nothing to do with it directly. Sir Thomas Wyatt the younger (1521 – 11 April, 1554) was a rebel leader during the reign of Queen Mary I of England; his rising is traditionally called Wyatt's rebellion started as a popular revolt, precipitated by the imminent marriage of Mary to the Roman Catholic Prince Philip (later King of Spain from 1556 to 1598). Wyatt's Rebellion was a popular uprising in England in 1554 named for Thomas Wyatt the younger, one of its leaders Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 Jane's father (the Duke of Suffolk) and other nobles joined the rebellion, calling for Jane's restoration as Queen. Philip and his councillors pressed Mary to execute Jane to put an end to any future focus for unrest. Five days after Wyatt's arrest the execution of Jane and Guilford took place. Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment.

On the morning of 12 February 1554, the authorities took Dudley from his rooms at the Tower of London to the public execution place at Tower Hill and there had him beheaded. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Tower Hill is an elevated spot north-west of the Tower of London, just outside the limits of the City of London in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. A horse and cart brought his remains back to the Tower of London, past the rooms where Jane remained as a prisoner. Jane was then taken out to Tower Green, inside the Tower of London, and in private beheaded. With few exceptions, such executions applied to royalty alone; Jane's execution occurred on the orders of Queen Mary, as a gesture of respect for her cousin.

According to the account of her execution given in the anonymous Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, which formed the basis for Raphael Holinshed's depiction, Guilford faced the block first, and from her lodgings at Partridge's house, Jane viewed his body being removed from the Tower Green. Raphael Holinshed (died c 1580 was an English Chronicler whose work commonly known as Holinshed's Chronicles, was one of the major sources used by Upon ascending the scaffold, she gave a speech to the assembled crowd:^[11]

Good people, I am come hither to die, and by a law I am condemned to the same. The fact, indeed, against the Queen's highness was unlawful, and the consenting thereunto by me: but touching the procurement and desire thereof by me or on my behalf, I do wash my hands thereof in innocency, before God, and the face of you, good Christian people, this day.

She then recited the psalm Miserere mei Deus (Have mercy upon me, O God) in English,^[11] and handed her gloves and handkerchief to her maid. John Feckenham, a Roman Catholic chaplain sent by Mary who had failed to convert Jane, stayed with her during the execution. John Feckenham (c 1515 &ndash October 1584 also known as John Howman of Feckingham and later John de Feckenham or John Fecknam, was an English The executioner asked her forgiveness, and she gave it. ^[11] She pleaded the axeman, "I pray you dispatch me quickly". Referring to her blindfold, she asked, "Will you take it off before I lay me down?" and the axeman answered, "No, madam". She then blindfolded herself. Jane had resolved to go to her death with dignity, but once blindfolded, failing to find the block with her hands, began to panic and cried, "What shall I do? Where is it?"^[11] An unknown hand, possibly Feckenham's, then helped her find her way and retain her dignity at the end. With her head on the block, Jane spoke the last words of Christ as recounted by Luke: "Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit!"^[11] She was then beheaded. The Gospel of Luke (Gk Κατά Λουκάν Ευαγγέλιον) is a synoptic Gospel, and is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels of the

"The traitor-heroine of the Reformation", as historian Albert Pollard called her,^[12] was merely 16 or 17 years old at the time of her execution. Albert Frederick Pollard was a British Historian who specialized in the Tudor period. Apparently, Frances Brandon made no attempt, pleading or otherwise, to save her daughter's life; Jane's father already awaited execution for his part in the Wyatt rebellion. Jane and Guilford are buried in the Chapel of St Peter ad Vincula on the north side of Tower Green. For other churches of this dedication see St Peter ad Vincula (disambiguation. Queen Mary lived for only four years after she ordered the death of her cousin. She died in 1558.

Henry, Duke of Suffolk, Jane's father, was executed a week after Jane, on 19 February 1554. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Merely three weeks after her husband's death and not even a month since her daughter's, Frances Brandon shocked the English court by marrying Master of the Horse and chamberlain, Adrian Stokes. The Master of the Horse was (and in some cases is a historical position of varying importance in several European nations A chamberlain is an officer in charge of managing a household. Adrian Stokes (1533 &ndash 3 November 1581 or 1585/6 was Master of the Horse at the English court Some historians believe she deliberately chose to do this to distance herself from her previous status. She was fully pardoned by Mary and allowed to live at Court with her two surviving daughters. She is not known to have mentioned Jane ever again and was seemingly as indifferent to her dead child as she had been in life.

Ancestors

See also

• Cultural depictions of Lady Jane Grey
• List of shortest reigning monarchs of all time

References

Bibliography