 |
| This article forms part of the series |
| (A subset of Weapons of mass destruction) |
| Lethal agents |
|---|
| Blood agents |
| Cyanogen chloride (CK) |
| Hydrogen cyanide (AC) |
| Blister agents |
| Lewisite (L) |
| Sulfur mustard gas (HD, H, HT, HL, HQ) |
| Nitrogen mustard gas (HN1, HN2, HN3) |
| Nerve agents |
| G-Agents |
| Tabun (GA), Sarin (GB) Soman (GD), Cyclosarin (GF) |
| GV |
| V-Agents |
| VE, VG, VM, VX |
| Novichok agents |
| Pulmonary agents |
| Chlorine |
| Chloropicrin (PS) |
| Phosgene (CG) |
| Diphosgene (DP) |
| Incapacitating agents |
| Agent 15 (BZ) |
| Kolokol-1 |
| Riot control agents |
| Pepper spray (OC) |
| CS gas |
| CN gas (mace) |
| CR gas |
A lachrymatory agent or lachrymator (from lacrima meaning "a tear" in Latin) is a chemical compound that stimulates the corneal nerves in the eyes to cause tears, pain, and even temporary blindness. Chemical warfare involves using the toxic properties of Chemical substances to kill injure or incapacitate an enemy. A weapon of mass destruction ( WMD) is a weapon which can kill large numbers of humans and/or cause great damage to man-made structures (e A blood agent or cyanogen agent is a Chemical compound, carried by the blood for distribution through the body Cyanogen chloride is a Chemical compound with the formula CNCl Hydrogen cyanide is a Chemical compound with Chemical formula HCN A blister agent (also known as a vesicant) is a chemical compound that causes severe skin eye and mucosal pain and irritation Lewisite is a Chemical compound from a chemical family called Arsines While it is colorless and odorless when pure Lewisite is usually found as an oily yellow or The sulfur mustards, of which mustard gas ( Bis (2-chloroethyl sulfide is a member are a class of related Cytotoxic, Vesicant Chemical Nerve agents (also being referred to as nerve gases, though these chemicals are liquid at room temperature are a class of Phosphorus -containing organic chemicals Effects of overexposure The exact symptoms of overexposure are similar to those created by all Nerve agents Tabun like all nerve agents is toxic even in minute doses Sarin, also known by its NATO designation of GB, is an extremely toxic substance whose sole application is as a Nerve agent. Alternative names Soman is occasionally referred to by names other than soman or GD: Phosphonofluoridic acid methyl- 1 2 2-trimethylpropyl ester Chemical characteristics Like its predecessor sarin cyclosarin is a liquid Organophosphate nerve agent GV (P--NN-dimethylphosphonamidic fluoride is an Organophosphate Nerve agent. VE (S-(Diethylaminoethyl O-ethyl ethylphosphonothioate is a "V-series" Nerve agent closely related to the better-known VX nerve agent. VG (OO-Diethyl-S- phosphorothioate (also called Amiton or Tetram) is a "V-series" Nerve agent chemically similar to the better-known VM ( Edemo) is a "V-series" Nerve agent closely related to the better-known VX nerve agent. VX (S--O-ethyl methylphosphonothioate is an extremely toxic substance whose sole application is as a Nerve agent. Novichok (Russian новичок: "Newcomer" is a series of Nerve agents that were developed by the Soviet Union in the 1970s and 1980s and A pulmonary agent (or choking agent) is a Chemical weapon agent designed to impede a victim's ability to breathe. Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and Chloropicrin is a slightly oily colorless or faintly yellow liquid of the formula CCl3NO2 Phosgene is the Chemical compound with the formula COCl2 This colorless gas gained infamy as a Chemical weapon during World War I Diphosgene is a Chemical compound with the formula ClCO2CCl3 This colorless liquid is a valuable reagent in the synthesis of organic compounds The term incapacitating agent is defined by the US Department of Defense as "An agent that produces temporary Physiological or mental "QNB" redirects here For the spoof Amateur radio Q code, see QNB (amateur radio. KOLOKOL-1 (Russian Колокол, eng bell) is an opiate-derived Incapacitating agent. Riot control agents are Less-lethal Lachrymatory agents used for Riot control. Pepper spray (also known as OC spray (from " Oleoresin Capsicum " OC gas, capsicum spray, or oleoresin capsicum CS gas is the common name for 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (also called o-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile (chemical formula C10H5ClN2 Not to be confused with Hydrogen cyanide, HCN CN gas, or chloroacetophenone or phenacyl chloride, is a substance CR gas or dibenzoxazepine, chemically dibenz[14]oxazepine is an Incapacitating agent and a Lachrymatory agent. Tears are the liquid product of a process of lacrimation to clean and lubricate the Eyes The word lacrimation may also be used in a medical or literary sense Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. Eyes are organs that detect Light, and send signals along the Optic nerve to the visual areas of the brain Tears are the liquid product of a process of lacrimation to clean and lubricate the Eyes The word lacrimation may also be used in a medical or literary sense Pain, in the sense of physical pain, is a typical sensory experience that may be described as the unpleasant awareness of a noxious stimulus or bodily harm Blindness is the condition of lacking Visual perception due to Physiological or Neurological factors Several commonly used chemicals are lachrymators; for example, bromoacetone, benzylchloride, thiophene, xylyl bromide, chlorine, and bromine. Bromoacetone is a Chemical compound with the formula 3CCH2 This colorless liquid is a Lachrymatory agent. Benzyl chloride, or α-chlorotoluene is an Organic compound consisting of a phenyl group substituted with a chloromethyl group Thiophene is the Heterocyclic compound with the formula C4H4S Xylyl Bromide, T-stoff, white cross (German or methylbenzyl bromide, was used as a Tear gas in World War I under the name Weisskreuz Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and
Effects
Tear gas works by irritating mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, mouth and lungs, and cause tearing, sneezing, coughing, etc. Lachrymators are thought to exert their action through the inhibition of sulphydryl enzymes but this is not completely understood.
Usage
Lachrymatory agents that are commonly used as riot control agents and chemical warfare agents. Riot control agents are Less-lethal Lachrymatory agents used for Riot control. Chemical warfare involves using the toxic properties of Chemical substances to kill injure or incapacitate an enemy. For example, tear gas and pepper spray are commonly used for riot control. A lachrymatory agent or lachrymator (from lacrima meaning "a tear " in Latin) (commonly referred to as tear gas) is a Pepper spray (also known as OC spray (from " Oleoresin Capsicum " OC gas, capsicum spray, or oleoresin capsicum Riot control refers to the measures used by police military or other forces to control, disperse and arrest civilians that are involved in a Riot, demonstration During World War I more toxic lachrymatory agents were used albeit in much smaller amounts than dangerously poisonous gases such as phosgene(a compound of chlorine). Phosgene is the Chemical compound with the formula COCl2 This colorless gas gained infamy as a Chemical weapon during World War I
Certain lachrymatory agents are often used by police to assist in bringing offenders under control, most notably tear gas, but also in some countries (Finland & Australia, also the USA) another issued substance is Mace (chloracetophenone) which is used as a personal attack repellent. Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Mace is a Tear gas in the form of an Aerosol spray which propels a Lachrymatory agent mixed with a volatile solvent All of these substances have basically the same chemical formulation, but often very subtle differences in their make-up.
Sources
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