| Israeli Labor Party מפלגת העבודה הישראלית |
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| Founded | 1968 |
| Leader | Ehud Barak |
| Number of MPs at height of power | 63 (as the Alignment in 1968) |
| Political ideology | Social Democracy, Labor Zionism |
| International Affiliation | Socialist International |
| European affiliation | Party of European Socialists (observer) |
| Headquarters | Hatikva Quarter, Tel Aviv |
| Colour(s) | Red |
| Website | www.havoda.org.il |
| See also the Politics of Israel series | |
The Israeli Labor Party (Hebrew: מפלגת העבודה הישראלית, Mifleget HaAvoda HaYisraelit), generally known in Israel as Avoda (Hebrew: עבודה) is a center-left political party in Israel. Ehud Barak (אֵהוּד בָּרָק born Ehud Brog on 12 February 1942) is an Israeli politician former Prime Minister, and The Alignment (המערך HaMa'arakh) was an alliance of the major left-wing parties in Israel between the 1960s and 1990s Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left Labor Zionism ( Labour Zionism, ציונות סוציאליסטית tsionut sotsialistit) can be described as the major stream of the Left wing of the Socialist International is a worldwide organization of socialist ( social democratic and labour) political parties The Party of European Socialists (PES is a European political party comprising of thirty-three socialist, social democratic and labour Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel Red is any of a number of similar Colors evoked by light consisting predominantly of the longest wavelengths of Light discernible by the human eye in the wavelength Politics of Israel takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic Republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Israel is The centre-left (or center-left) is a political term commonly used to describe or denote individuals political parties or organizations (such as Think A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. It is a social democratic and Zionist party, a member of the Socialist International and an observer member of the Party of European Socialists. Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left Labor Zionism ( Labour Zionism, ציונות סוציאליסטית tsionut sotsialistit) can be described as the major stream of the Left wing of the Socialist International is a worldwide organization of socialist ( social democratic and labour) political parties The Party of European Socialists (PES is a European political party comprising of thirty-three socialist, social democratic and labour Since 1999 the party has been allied to the small left-wing, religious zionist Meimad, in an agreement whereby Meimad gets the tenth seat on Labor's list. Religious Zionism, or the Religious Zionist Movement (a branch of which is also called Mizrachi) is an ideology that combines Zionism and religious Meimad (מימד an acronym for Medina Yehudit Medina Demokratit (מדינה יהודית מדינה דמוקרטית lit
Contents |
History
The foundations for the formation of the Israeli Labour Party were laid shortly before the 1965 Knesset elections when Mapai, the largest left-wing party in the country formed an alliance with Labour Unity. Elections for the sixth Knesset were held in Israel on 1 November 1965 for the town in Mozambique see Mapai Mozambique Mapai (מפא"י an acronym for Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael (מפלגת The alliance was an attempt by Mapai to shore up the party's share of the vote following a break-away of eight MKs (around a fifth of Mapai's Knesset faction) led by David Ben-Gurion to form a new party, Rafi, in protest against Mapai's failure to approve a change to the country's proportional representation voting system. Rafi (רפ"י an acronym for Reshimat Poalei Yisrael (רשימת פועלי ישראל lit
The alliance, called the Labour Alignment won 45 seats in the elections, and was able to form the government in coalition with the National Religious Party, Mapam, the Independent Liberals, Agudat Israel Workers, Progress and Development and Cooperation and Brotherhood. The Alignment (המערך HaMa'arakh) was an alliance of the major left-wing parties in Israel between the 1960s and 1990s The National Religious Party (מפלגה דתית לאומית Miflaga Datit Leumit, commonly known in Israel by its Hebrew acronym Mafdal, (Hebrew מפד"ל Mapam (מפ"ם an acronym for Mifleget HaPoalim HaMeuhedet (מפלגת הפועלים המאוחדת lit The Independent Liberals (ליברלים עצמאיים Libralim Atzma'im) were a political party in Israel and are one of the ancestors of the modern-day Agudat Israel Workers (פועלי אגודת ישראל Poalei Agudat Yisrael) was a political party in Poland, and a political party and settlement movement Progress and Development (קידמה ופיתוח Kidma vePituah) was a political party in Israel. Cooperation and Brotherhood (שיתוף ואחווה Shituf VeAhva) was a political party in Israel. After the Six-Day War broke out, Rafi and Gahal joined the coalition. Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt Gahal (גח"ל an acronym for Gush Herut-Libralim (Hebrew גוש חרות-ליברלים lit
In 1968, Mapam and Rafi officially joined the Labour Alignment (though Ben-Gurion resigned from Rafi and created another new party, the National List, in protest), with it renamed just Alignment. The National List (רשימה ממלכתית Reshima Mamlakhtit) sometimes translated as the State List, was a political party in Israel. Although Mapam retained its independence within the alliance, Mapai, Labour Unity and Rafi decided to officially merge into one body; the Israeli Labor Party.
As the largest faction within the Alignment, Labor came to dominate it. Mapam left during the eighth Knesset, but rejoined shortly afterwards. The Elections for the eighth Knesset were held on 31 December 1973. They broke away again during the eleventh Knesset, angry at Shimon Peres's decision to form a national unity government with Likud. Elections for the eleventh Knesset were held in Israel on 23 July 1984 (שמעון פרס born Szymon Perski on August 2 1923, is the ninth President of the State of Israel. Likud (ליכוד lit Consolidation) is the major centre-right political party in Israel. Although the Independent Liberals merged into the Alignment in the 1980s, they had no Knesset representation at the time.
Shortly before the 1992 elections, the Alignment ceased to exist, with all factions formally merged into the Labor Party. Elections for the thirteenth Knesset were held in Israel on 23 June, 1992. Led by Yitzhak Rabin, the party won the elections and formed the government. Rabin's decision to advance peace talks with the Palestinians to the point of signing the Oslo Accords led to his his assassination by Yigal Amir in 1995. Israeli-Palestinian conflict The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles The Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin took place on November 4, 1995, at 2130 at the end of a rally in support of the Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is a frequently vandalized article and vandalism is reverted immediately Peres decided to call early elections in 1996 to give him a mandate for advancing the peace process. However, his ploy failed; although Labor won the most seats in the Knesset election, he lost to the election for Prime Minister to Benjamin Netanyahu following a wave of suicide bombings by Hamas. Elections for the fourteenth Knesset were held in Israel alongside the first ever election for Prime Minister on 29 May, 1996. The first ever election for Prime Minister was held in Israel on 29 May 1996 alongside simultaneous Knesset elections. (בִּנְיָמִין "ביבי" נְתַנְיָהוּ Binyamin "Bibi" Netanyahu, born October 21 1949, Tel Aviv) was This article is about suicide attacks for political and/or military reasons Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة Netanyahu and Likud were thus able to form the government.
With his coalition falling apart, Netanyahu decided to call early elections in 1999. Ehud Barak won the internal primaries, and was nominated as the Labor candidate for Prime Minister. Ehud Barak (אֵהוּד בָּרָק born Ehud Brog on 12 February 1942) is an Israeli politician former Prime Minister, and Meanwhile, the party entered an electoral alliance with Meimad and Gesher called One Israel. Meimad (מימד an acronym for Medina Yehudit Medina Demokratit (מדינה יהודית מדינה דמוקרטית lit Gesher (גשר Bridge) was a political party in Israel. History Foundation Gesher was set up by David Levy as a One Israel (ישראל אחת Yisrael Akhat) was an alliance of the Israeli Labour Party, Meimad and Gesher created to run for the 1999 Barak won the Prime Minister election, whilst One Israel won the Knesset elections, albeit with only 26 seats. The second Prime Ministerial election in Israel was held on 17 May 1999 alongside elections for the 15th Knesset. The Elections for the 15th Knesset were held on 17 May 1999 alongside simultaneous elections for Prime Minister.
Barak started by forming a 75-member coalition together with Shas, Meretz, Yisrael BaAliyah, the National Religious Party and United Torah Judaism. Shas (ש״ס is a political party in Israel, primarily representing Haredi Sephardi and Mizrahi Judaism. Meretz-Yachad (מרצ-יחד Vitality - Together) previously known as Meretz and then Yachad, is a left-wing social democratic Yisrael BaAliyah (ישראל בעלייה lit Israel on the up) was a political party in Israel that focused on Zionism and representing the The National Religious Party (מפלגה דתית לאומית Miflaga Datit Leumit, commonly known in Israel by its Hebrew acronym Mafdal, (Hebrew מפד"ל United Torah Judaism (יהדות התורה המאוחדת Yahadut HaTorah HaMeukhedet; UTJ) is an alliance of Degel HaTorah and Agudat The coalition with religious parties (NRP, Shas and UTJ) caused tensions with the secularist Meretz, who quit the coalition after a disagreement with Shas over the authority of the Deputy Education Minister. The rest of the parties left before the Camp David 2000 summit. The Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David of July 2000 took place between United States President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister Following the October 2000 riots and the violence of the al-Aqsa Intifada, Barak resigned from office. The October 2000 events is a term used to describe several days of protests in northern Israel that soon escalated into clashes between Arab citizens of Israel and He then lost a special election for Prime Minister to Likud's Ariel Sharon. Elections for Prime Minister were held in Israel on 6 February 2001 following the resignation of the incumbent Labour 's Ehud Barak Likud (ליכוד lit Consolidation) is the major centre-right political party in Israel. (אריאל However, Labor remained in Sharon's coalition as he formed a national unity government with Likud, Labor, Shas, Yisrael BaAliyah and United Torah Judaism, and were given two of the most important cabinet portfolios; Peres was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs and Benjanin Ben-Eliezer was made Defense Minister. National governments (alternatively national unity governments or national union governments) are broad Coalition governments consisting of all parties (or The Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel (שר החוץ Sar HaHutz) is the political head of the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Brigadier-General (Res Binyamin "Fouad" Ben-Eliezer (בנימין "פואד" בן אליעזר بنيامين بن إليعازر born 12 February The Defense Minister of Israel (שר הביטחון Sar HaBitahon lit Labor supported Operation Defensive Shield, which was conducted in April 2002 against Palestinian terrorists in the West Bank. Background March and April 2002 saw a dramatic increase of Suicide bomb attacks against Israelis by Palestinian militant groups such as Hamas, The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria After harsh criticism that Peres and Ben-Elizer were "puppets" of Sharon and not promoting the peace process, Labor quit the government in 2003.
Prior to the 2003 elections, Amram Mitzna won the party primaries, and led the party into the election with a platform that included unilateral withdrawal from the Gaza Strip. Elections for the 16th Knesset were held in Israel on 28 January 2003. Amram Mitzna (עמרם מצנע born 20 February 1945) is an Israeli politician The party was routed in the elections, winning only 19 seats (its lowest ever), whilst Sharon's Likud won 38 (40 after Yisrael BaAliyah merged into the party). Yisrael BaAliyah (ישראל בעלייה lit Israel on the up) was a political party in Israel that focused on Zionism and representing the Subsequently, due to internal opposition, Mitzna resigned from the party leadership,[1] and soon there after was replaced by Shimon Peres. Despite being omitted from the original right-wing coalition, Sharon invited Labor into the coalition to shore up support for the disengagement plan (effectively Mitzna's policy which he had earlier lambasted) after the National Union and the National Religious Party had left the government. Israel's unilateral disengagement plan ( Hebrew: תוכנית ההתנתקות Tokhnit HaHitnatkut or תוכנית ההינתקות Tokhnit HaHinatkut in The National Union (האיחוד הלאומי HaIhud HaLeumi) is a right wing political party in Israel and consists of an alliance of The National Religious Party (מפלגה דתית לאומית Miflaga Datit Leumit, commonly known in Israel by its Hebrew acronym Mafdal, (Hebrew מפד"ל
On 8 November 2005 Shimon Peres was replaced as the leader of the Labor party by the election of left-wing Histadrut union leader Amir Peretz in an internal Labor party ballot. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Amir Peretz (עמיר פרץ عمير بيريتز born 9 March, 1952) is an Israeli politician and member of the Knesset. Peretz stated his intention to reassert Labor's traditional socialist policies and took Labor party out of the government, prompting Sharon to resign and call for new elections in March 2006. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution The Elections for the 17th Knesset were held in Israel on 28 March 2006.
Current status
In the elections in March 2006 the party placed second with 19 seats, a loss of 3 from the previous elections. The Elections for the 17th Knesset were held in Israel on 28 March 2006.
After the March 2006 election Labor joined Ehud Olmert's coalition government as the junior partner with Kadima. Labor was awarded a number of ministries including the defense ministry, which went to Labor leader Amir Peretz. The IDF performed poorly in the Second Lebanon War with Hezbollah in June-July 2006. Both Olmert and Peretz suffered the blame for this performance.
On 28 May 2007, Labor members went to the polls in party primaries. Amir Peretz finished third in the primaries, trailing both former Prime Minister Ehud Barak and political newcomer Ami Ayalon - the former head of Shin Bet, Israel's primary intelligence agency. Ehud Barak (אֵהוּד בָּרָק born Ehud Brog on 12 February 1942) is an Israeli politician former Prime Minister, and Amihai "Ami" Ayalon (עמיחי איילון born 27 June 1945) is an Israeli politician and Knesset member representing the Labor Party The (שב"כ an acronym for Sherut Bitahon Klali (שירות ביטחון כללי lit Neither Ayalon nor Barak achieved the 40% necessary for an outright victory, so a second round of voting took place on 12 June 2007. Both Barak and Ayalon stated that they would withdraw from Ehud Olmert's coalition unless the Prime Minister resigns. [2] On the night of the 12th of June, 2007, Ehud Barak won back the leadership of the party.
Ideology
Past
Mapai evolved from the socialist Poale Zion movement and adhered to the Socialist Zionist ideology promulgated by Nahum Syrkin and Ber Borochov. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Poale Zion (also spelled Poalei Tziyon or Poaley Syjon, meaning "Workers of Zion" was a Movement of Marxist Zionist Jewish Labor Zionism ( Labour Zionism, ציונות סוציאליסטית tsionut sotsialistit) can be described as the major stream of the Left wing of the Nachman Syrkin or Nahman Syrkin (1868-1924 was a political theorist and founder of Labour Zionism. Dov Ber Borochov (1881-1917 was a Marxist Zionist and one of the founders of the Labor Zionist movement as well as a pioneer in the study of Yiddish During Ben-Gurion's leadership (1930s-1950s) Mapai focused mainly on the Zionist agenda, since it was the most urgent issue then - establishing a national homeland for Jews. History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the PLEASE TAKE NOTE************
After the founding of the state of Israel, Mapai engaged in nation building - the establishment of the Israel Defense Forces (while dismantling every other armed group), the establishment of many settlements, the settling of more than 1,000,000 Jewish immigrants and the desire to unite all the inhabitants of Israel under a new Zionist Jewish Israeli culture (an ideology known as the "Melting pot" כור היתוך). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit The melting pot is an analogy for the way in which homogeneous societies develop in which the ingredients in the pot (people of different cultures races and religions are
Labor in the past was even more hawkish on security and defense issues than it is today. War Hawk is a term originally used to describe a member of the House of Representatives of the Twelfth Congress of the United States who advocated During its years in office, Israel has fought the 1956 Sinai War, the 1967 Six Day War and the 1973 Yom Kippur War. The Suez Crisis, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression, (أزمة السويس - العدوان الثلاثي Crise du canal de Suez מבצע קדש Kadesh Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War (מלחמת יום הכיפורים transliterated: Milkhemet Yom HaKipurim or מלחמת יום
Current
In recent years (up until 2005), the ILP became a centrist party. It was no longer considered socialist or social democratic (though it retained membership in the Socialist International) but had a centrist platform, similar to the third-way of British Labour Party under Tony Blair. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left Socialist International is a worldwide organization of socialist ( social democratic and labour) political parties The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to Economic policies in Israel being seldom hotly debated even within the major parties, actual policies depended much more on initiative by the civil service than on political ideologies. Therefore, Labor's terms in office during this period did not differ significantly in terms of economic policy from those of its rival.
In 2003, the ILP experienced a small split when former members Yossi Beilin and Yael Dayan joined Meretz-Yachad to form a new left wing party. Dr Yosef "Yossi" Beilin (יוסי ביילין born in Petah Tikva on 12 June 1948) is a Left-wing Israeli politician Yaël Dayan (יעל דיין born 2 December 1939) is an Israeli writer and political figure Meretz-Yachad (מרצ-יחד Vitality - Together) previously known as Meretz and then Yachad, is a left-wing social democratic
In November 2005, Amir Peretz, leader of the social democratic One Nation which had merged into the ILP, was elected chairman of the party, defeating Shimon Peres. Amir Peretz (עמיר פרץ عمير بيريتز born 9 March, 1952) is an Israeli politician and member of the Knesset. One Nation (עם אחד Am Ehad) was a socialist Political party in Israel. (שמעון פרס born Szymon Perski on August 2 1923, is the ninth President of the State of Israel. Under Peretz, and especially in the 2006 electoral campaign, the party took a significant ideological turn, putting social and economic issues on top of its agenda, and advocating a moderate social democratic approach (including increases in minimum wage and social security payments), in sharp contrast to the neo-liberal policies led by former Finance Minister Binyamin Netanyahu. The Elections for the 17th Knesset were held in Israel on 28 March 2006. Originally coined by its critics and opponents " neoliberalism " is a label referring to the recent reemergence of Economic liberalism or Classical liberalism (בִּנְיָמִין "ביבי" נְתַנְיָהוּ Binyamin "Bibi" Netanyahu, born October 21 1949, Tel Aviv) was
In 2006, several members of the ILP left to join the new centrist grouping, Kadima; these included former Labor leader Shimon Peres, Haim Ramon, and Dalia Itzik. Kadima (קדימה lit Forward) is a political party in Israel. Haim Ramon (חיים רמון born 10 April 1950) is an Israeli Politician and Member of the Knesset for Kadima. Dalia Itzik (דליה איציק born 20 October 1952, is an Israeli politician affiliated with the Kadima party
Party leaders
- Levi Eshkol 1968-1969 (also leader of the Alignment)
- Golda Meir 1969-1974 (also leader of the Alignment)
- Yitzhak Rabin 1974-1977 (also leader of the Alignment)
- Shimon Peres 1977-1992 (also leader of the Alignment)
- Yitzhak Rabin 1992-1995
- Shimon Peres 1995-1997
- Ehud Barak 1997-2001
- Binyamin Ben-Eliezer 2001-2002
- Amram Mitzna 2002-2003
- Shimon Peres 2003-2005
- Amir Peretz 2005-2007
- Ehud Barak 2007-
Other prominent members
Prominent former members include:
- Yigal Allon - Acting Prime-Minister
- Moshe Dayan - Defense Minister
- Abba Eban - Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Chaim Herzog - President of Israel
- Efraim Katzir - President of Israel
- Yitzhak Navon - President of Israel
- Zalman Shazar - President of Israel
- Ezer Weizman - President of Israel
Current MKs
- Amir Peretz (slot reserved for ILP Chairman)
- Isaac Herzog
- Ophir Pines-Paz
- Avishay Braverman (former president of the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev)
- Yuli Tamir (slot reserved for women)
- Ami Ayalon (former head of Shin Bet)
- Eitan Cabel (slot reserved for ILP General Secretary)
- Binyamin Ben-Eliezer
- Shelly Yachimovich (slot reserved for women)
- Michael Melchior (slot reserved for Meimad)
- Matan Vilnai
- Colette Avital (slot reserved for women)
- Efraim Sneh
- Dani Yatom
- Nadia Hilou (slot reserved for women)
- Shalom Simhon (slot reserved for Moshavim)
- Orit Noked (slot reserved for Kibbutzim)
- Yoram Marciano (slot reserved for poor neighbourhoods)
- Raleb Majadele (slot reserved for Arab sector)
References
- ^ Mitzna's resignation speech
- ^ Israel party votes to oust leader BBC News, 29 May 2007
External links
- Official website (Hebrew)
- Israel Labor Party Knesset website (English)
- Labor-Meimad Knesset website (English)
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