Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Mary Rose-Anna Bolduc (née Travers)

Publicity photo of La Bolduc
Born June 4, 1894
Newport, Quebec
Died February 20, 1941
Montreal, Quebec
Other names La Bolduc
Occupation Singer/Songwriter

Mary Rose-Anna Travers, (June 4, 1894 – February 20, 1941) was a French-Canadian singer and musician. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. She was known as Madame Bolduc or La Bolduc. During the peak of her popularity in the 1930s, she was known as the Queen of Canadian Folksingers. [1] Bolduc is often considered to be Quebec's first singer/songwriter. Her style combined the traditional folk music of Ireland and Quebec, usually in upbeat, comedic songs.

Contents

Biography

Childhood

Born in Newport, Quebec in the Gaspé, Bolduc was the daughter of an Irish immigrant, Lawrence Travers, and a French-Canadian mother, Adeline Cyr. The Port of Chandler' was founded in 1912 when Percy Milton Chandler a Philadelphia manufacturer built the first pulp and paper mill in the Gaspésie The Gaspésie (official name or also Gaspé Peninsula or the Gaspé is a Peninsula constituting part of the south shore of the Saint Lawrence Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Her family included five full siblings, and an additional six half-siblings from her father's first marriage. Bolduc and her eleven siblings spoke English at home, but also spoke French fluently. The family was extremely poor, but Bolduc attended school for a time, becoming literate in French. [1]

Her only music teacher was her father, who taught her how to play the instruments that were traditional in Quebec culture of the era: the fiddle, accordion, harmonica, spoons and Jew's harp. The accordion is a portable box-shaped Musical instrument of the hand-held Bellows -driven free-reed aerophone family sometimes referred to as a Squeezebox A harmonica is a free reed Wind instrument which is played by blowing air into it or drawing air out by placing lips over individual holes (reed chambers or Spoons can be played as a makeshift Percussion instrument, or more specifically an Idiophone related to the Castanets. The Jew's harp, juice harp, jaw harp, mouth harp, Ozark harp, or marranzano pancake is thought to be one of the oldest Musical She learnt traditional music from the two heritages, both Irish melodies and French-Canadian folk tunes. The family did not own a record player, piano or sheet music, so Bolduc learned jigs and folk songs from memory or by ear. The jig (port is a Folk dance type as well as the accompanying dance tune type popular in Ireland. She was giving casual public performances by the spring of 1908, when she would play the accordion at the logging camp where she worked as a cook and her father as a lumberjack. A lumberjack or logger is a man who harvests lumber The term lumberjack is somewhat archaic having been mostly replaced by logger. [1]

Early working life

In 1908 at the age of thirteen, Bolduc was sent to live with her half-sister Mary-Ann in Montreal. Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Mary-Ann worked as a maid and had secured Bolduc a job as a maid in the house of Dr Lesage. She was paid $15 per month, in addition to room and board. Room and board describes a situation where in exchange for Money, labor or other considerations a person is provided with a place to live as well as meals on a comprehensive A few years later she took a job at a textile mill, which paid $15 weekly for 60 hours of work per week. A cotton mill is a Factory housing spinning and Weaving Machinery Cotton was a leading sector in the Industrial Revolution, as cotton [1]

On August 17, 1914, she married Édouard Bolduc, a plumber. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year A plumber is a Tradesperson who specializes in installing and maintaining systems used for potable (drinking Water, sewage Drainage, or industrial [1] The couple's first child was stillborn. A stillbirth occurs when a Fetus which has died in the Uterus or during labor or delivery exits a Woman 's body Denise Bolduc was born in July of 1916, Jeannette Bolduc in July of 1917 and Roger Bolduc in August of 1918. Roger died at the age of ten months and Jeanette at two years. The couple experienced more bad fortune with pregnancies and children; of the twelve or thirteen pregnancies, only four children reached adulthood. The family was quite poor, and in 1921 when Édouard had difficulty finding work they decided to move to Springfield, Massachusetts. Springfield is a City in and the County seat of Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. Édouard Bolduc's sister was living there at the time. They returned to Montreal a year later, as Édouard had been unable to secure work in Springfield. During this time Mary Bolduc entertained both friends and family with her musical talents. Among her friends were amateur musicians who sometimes performed with the Veillées du bon vieux temps at the Monument-National under Conrad Gauthier. [1]

Musical career

Mary Bolduc with fellow musicians, 1928
Mary Bolduc with fellow musicians, 1928

When Conrad Gauthier's troupe was missing a folk violinist for a performance, one of Bolduc's friends arranged for her to fill in for the absent performer. Gauthier was suitably impressed by her performance and asked her to return for subsequent productions. The family was always in need of money and the small income she earned this way was useful. Bolduc became a regular player with Gauthier's troupe by 1928, playing the violin or Jew's harp. Her work with them expanded to include other instrumental work and even some comic acting. [1]

Bolduc was recommended by folk singer Ovila Légaré to musical producer Roméo Beaudry of the Compo Company. Louis Roméo Beaudry ( February 25, 1882 - May 6, 1932) was a French Canadian Author, Composer, Pianist Compo Company Ltd was Canada's first independent record company [1] Beaudry signed musicians for French language recordings on the Starr Records label. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Starr Records was a Record label manufactured by the Starr Piano Company of Richmond Indiana, which was also the parent company of the better known Gennett Records Beaudry signed her to a recording contract to make four 78 rpm records, paying her $25 per side. A gramophone She made her first recording in April of 1929, the French folk song Y'a longtemps que je couche par terre on side A, and an instramental reel on side B. The reel is a Folk dance type as well as the accompanying dance tune type. The record was a commercial flop. Her next two recordings also had meagre sales. [2]

Bolduc's second recording was released for Christmas of 1929. The first side had an original song of Bolduc's, La Cuisinière. La Cuisinière is a song written by Mary Bolduc and released by the Starr Record Company on her fourth record alongside Johnny Monfarleau. Side B was an adaptation of an English folk song titled Johnny Monfarleau. [1] The record sold more than twelve thousand copies, which was unprecedented in Quebec. [3] Bolduc earned a total of $450 from the sales and became a household name in Quebec. With this success, Beaudry had Bolduc releasing a double-sided record every month. Bolduc recorded an additional four songs in January 1930. [2] Nine more songs were recorded in April that year. By the end of 1930, she had recorded more than 30 songs. During this time, she collaborated on not less than fifty-six recordings of other artists. Most of these recordings did not credit her. [2] Bolduc would sing accompaniments or play instruments for recordings by Juliette Béliveau, Eugène Daignault, Ovila Légaré, Alfred Montmarquette, Adélard St. Juliette Béliveau ( October 28, 1889 – August 26, 1975) was a French Canadian Actress and Singer, who Jean and possibly others. [2]

Bolduc's first headlining performance came in November of 1930, in Lachute, Quebec at a costume ball. Lachute, is a town in southwest Quebec, 75km northwest of Montreal, on the Rivière du Nord, a tributary of the Ottawa River, and west of A costume party ( American English) or a fancy dress party ( British English) mainly in contemporary Western culture, is a type of Party [1] The audience was extremely receptive to her music and she was inspired to start a show that would focus on her own songs. In March of 1931 she took an offer from a burlesque company at the Théâtre Arlequin de Québec to perform as their main act. Burlesque is theatrical entertainment of broad and parodic humor which usually consists of comic skits (and sometimes a strip tease) From this, she embarked on a three month tour of Quebec with Juliette d'Argère. [1] Starting in Hull, Quebec in May of 1931, they travelled western Quebec and Montreal, finishing in Sept-Îles in July. Hull is the central and oldest part of the city of Gatineau, Quebec, Canada. Sept-Îles (seven islands in French) can refer to Sept-Îles, a city in the Côte-Nord region of eastern Quebec Canada [4] In 1931, her rising popularity increased the cost of her sheet music from four for one dollar to three for one dollar. [2]

Bolduc formed her own touring troupe in 1932, named La Troupe du bon vieux temps. [1] She hired Jean Grimaldi to direct the tours. [4] The performances contained elements of both vaudeville and traditional folk music. Vaudeville was a Genre of variety entertainment prevalent on the stage in the United States and Canada, from the early 1880s Their first tours were around the Montreal area, and from August through December of 1932 they gave fifty shows. The tours were a great success in Quebec with Bolduc earning $2000 from her first tour, compared to $500 - $1000 annually she got from royalties. [4] The troupe went on a tour of New England from April through June of 1934, and a second tour of New England that autumn. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the They toured across Quebec, and in 1935 toured the French speaking areas of northern Ontario. Franco-Ontarians (franco-ontarien are French Canadian or Francophone residents of the Canadian province of Ontario. [4] They would take additional tours of New England in 1937 and 1939.

As the 1930s progressed, Bolduc's record sales began to slump, but her income from touring remained good. Bolduc stuck to her folk music style as the record buying public turned increasingly to jazz and popular music. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more [2] She produced eighteen records in 1930 and 10 in 1931, but with her declining sales she recorded nothing from July of 1932 until she released a single album in March of 1935,[4] and then four more in 1936. [2] In 1936, the family was able to afford a nanny to attend to the children while Bolduc toured. A nanny is a person who looks after the child or children of one family in the child's home [1]

Mary Bolduc with a fiddle
Mary Bolduc with a fiddle

Beginning in 1935, her daughter Denise would appear with her as a pianist. [2] Other children occasionally appeared as backup singers, and her daughter Lucienne recorded L'Enfant volé.

Bolduc was seriously injured in June of 1937 in Rivière-du-Loup, Quebec when her tour company's car was in a head-on collision. She suffered a broken leg, a broken nose and a concussion. She was sent to a hospital in Rimouski for treatment, where doctors discovered a cancerous tumour. A hospital is an institution for Health care providing treatment by specialised staff and equipment and often but not always providing for See also Cancer A tumor or tumour is the name for a swelling or lesion formed by an abnormal growth of cells (termed neoplastic She began radiation treatment at the Radium Institute in Montreal, and engaged in practically no musical endeavours at this point, making no stage appearances for a full year. Her insurance company refused to pay for her damages, notably her concussion which caused memory loss and loss of concentration, which prevented her from writing songs. The suit ended badly as Bolduc did not use banks and had no record of her income to prove loss of income. Of her total damages and lost income, Bolduc recovered on $1500. [1]

Bolduc began limited touring again in the summer of 1938, only in the Montreal area. [1] She made a radio broadcast in January of 1939, and made two recordings in February of 1939. One of those songs, Les Souffrances de mon accident (French "The sufferings of my accident") was on her accident. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people [2] She died of cancer on February 20, 1941 in Montreal and was buried in the Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges. Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Founded in 1854 Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges is a 343-acre (1 [5]

Musical style

Sheet music for Le Jour de l'An
Sheet music for Le Jour de l'An

Bolduc never had any formal music lessons, and developed her own style under the influence of her father's teaching and the musical traditions of Irish folk music and Québécois folk tunes. Irish Music is the generic term for music that has been created in various genres on the entire island of Ireland, North and South of the border Being a modern cosmopolitan society today all types of music can be found in the Canadian province of Quebec. [1] Her songs tended to be happy and comical with lively rhythms. [1] Her self-written songs often used existing melodies from folk tunes or dances, combined with lyrics she wrote herself. [6] For instance, she wrote the song Les Cinq Jumelles about the Dionne Quintuplets, which was set to the tune of "Little Brown Jug. The Dionne quintuplets, born on May 28, 1934, are the first Quintuplets known to survive their Infancy. " Little Brown Jug " is a song written in 1869 by Joseph Winner, originally published credited to "Eastburn" (Winner's middle name "[2] In other cases, she would adopt popular contemporary American songs. [6]

One technique often employed by Bolduc is the enumerative song, which lists something such as foods or tasks. [6] This technique was traditional in French-Canadian folk songs, derived from similar French traditions. Bolduc also employed the traditional French folk song style of the dialgoue song, usually a duet with a man, where the song is a conversation or debate between the man and the woman. [6] One such song was Mademoiselle, dites-moi donc, which she recorded with Ovila Légaré and featured the two of them bantering and flirting comedically. She often wrote in the style derived from traditional English broadside ballads, which tell current news to the tunes of traditional songs. Printed lyrics of popular songs were extremely popular from the 16th century until the early 20th century One such song by Bolduc is La chanson du bavard, which notably employs an introduction inviting the listener to hear a tale, as is common in broadside ballads. [6] Other topical ballads by Bolduc include Les Américains about Americans coming to Montreal during Prohibition to obtain liquor and the unrecorded Si je pouvais tenir Hitler which she wrote a few days after the outbreak of World War II. Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including [7]

Her music relied heavily upon the harmonica and the fiddle, the traditional instruments of reels in Quebec. [6] Her singing also adopted a nasal style, and her pitch was relaxed, both of which are found traditionally. Her singing often featured turlutage, which is derived from Irish and Scottish musical traditions. Puirt a beul (puirt à beul literally "tunes from a mouth" is a traditional form of song native to Scotland, Ireland, and Cape Breton Island [6] Most often she employed this technique in reels, such as her song Reel turluté.

Her touring troupe La Troupe du bon vieux temps gave fairly consistent performances. Mary Bolduc opened the show with her newest songs. [4] The troupe then performed comedy sketches, ensemble songs, folk songs and vaudeville routines. Most performances included a segment where amateurs would perform, sometimes for cash prizes. Bolduc would close with some of her newest or most topical songs. [4]

Bolduc's lyrics are predominantly French, but frequently include a few words or lines in English. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States [2] This was reflective of her Gaspé upbringing and her experiences in Montreal, where the two languages mingle. The Gaspésie (official name or also Gaspé Peninsula or the Gaspé is a Peninsula constituting part of the south shore of the Saint Lawrence [6] The recordings were marketed to working class francophone audiences, in small towns and rural areas where people had traditional values. [2]

Professional image

Mary Bolduc, circa 1930
Mary Bolduc, circa 1930

Singing and stage careers were not well regarded in Quebec society of the 1920s and 1930s, especially for women. [4] To avoid gossip and to keep a good reputation, Bolduc was always credited under her married name Madame Édouard Bolduc, both at live performances and on recordings. She attempted to include her family in her activities as much as possible. Her husband Édouard accompanied her troupe on their 1932 and 1934 tours. [4] Her eldest daughter Denise joined the troupe in 1935 as a pianist.

Recordings

Recordings of about 100 of her songs survive (many of those which do not survive were written for special occasions). [1] Perhaps the best known today is "Si Vous Avez une Fille qui Veut se Marier" (If You Have a Daughter who Wants to get Married).

Unrecorded original songs

Songs known to have been written and performed by Mary Bolduc but never recorded include:[8]

Legacy

Some debate exists among historians as to whether Mary Bolduc or Félix Leclerc should be identified as Quebec's first singer/songwriter. Félix Leclerc, OC GOQ ( August 2 1914 - August 8 1988) was [9] Either way, both had significant influence on the development of Quebec's folk music culture from the 1930s onwards. Bolduc was the most widely known folk music singer of Quebec in the 1930s. Her humorous images of daily life, her realism in depicting the society of the time, and her satirical characters all appear in the work of subsequent singer/songwriters. [9] Although it was received poorly by critics of the day, Bolduc's use of colloquialisms and working-class vocabulary influenced future musicians like Gilles Vigneault and Clémence Desrochers. Gilles Vigneault, GOQ (born 27 October, 1928) is a Québécois Poet, Publisher and Singer-songwriter Other Québécois musicians with notable influences from Bolduc include Oscar Thiffault, whose style was descended from Bolduc,[9] André Gagnon, whose composition Les Turluteries is based on Bolduc's use of Turlutage,[9] and Robert Charlebois, who also sang in the dual French Canadian and English derived style and used the everyday slang of Quebec. André Gagnon OC (born 1 August 1942 in Saint-Pacôme Quebec, Canada) is a Canadian Musician and Composer Robert Charlebois (born June 25, 1944) is a Québec author composer musician performer and actor Joual is the common name for the linguistic features of Basilectal Quebec French that are associated with the French-speaking Working class in Montreal [9]

On August 12, 1994, a stamp was released that honoured her with her portrait on a Canadian postage stamp. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) This is a list of notables on stamps of Canada. A John Abbott (1952 Emma Albani (1980 Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha [10] The stamp was designed by Pierre Fontaine based on images from Bernard Leduc. Seven and a half million copies were printed. The same year, a park was created in her hometown of Newport named Mary Travers Park. [11]

In 2002, Mary Bolduc was a MasterWorks honouree by the Audio-Visual Preservation Trust of Canada. The Audio-Visual Preservation Trust of Canada (or the AV Trust was a charitable Non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the preservation of Canada ’s [12]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r La Bolduc -- "The Queen of Canadian Folksingers". Collections Canada (2005-07-18). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Retrieved on 2007-10-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l La Bolduc -- Recording Career. Collections Canada (2005-7-18). Retrieved on 2007-10-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross.
  3. ^ La Bolduc (Mary Travers). Collections Canada (2005-04-12). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Retrieved on 2007-10-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i La Bolduc -- Concert Career. Collections Canada (2005-07-18). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Retrieved on 2007-10-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross.
  5. ^ Philippe Laframboise. Bolduc, Madame. Encyclopedia of Music in Canada. Retrieved on 2007-10-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h La Bolduc -- A Musical Mirror of Canada's Heritage. Collections Canada (2005-07-18). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Retrieved on 2007-10-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II
  7. ^ La Bolduc's Ballads -- A Sung Chronicle of Current Events in Quebec, 1930-1940. Collections Canada (2005-07-18). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Retrieved on 2007-10-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II
  8. ^ a b c Discography. Retrieved on 2007-10-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge.
  9. ^ a b c d e La Bolduc's Musical Impact -- An Early Chansonnière. Collections Canada (2005-07-18). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Retrieved on 2007-10-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II
  10. ^ Mary Travers "La Bolduc". Retrieved on 2007-10-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge.
  11. ^ Michel de Courval (1994-06-24). Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Tribute to Mary Travers, known as "La Bolduc". Heritage Canada. Retrieved on 2007-10-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge.
  12. ^ Mary Travers-Bolduc: Chansons (1927-1937). Audio-Visual Preservation Trust of Canada. Retrieved on 2007-12-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion

See also

External links

This is a list of Singers bands Composers and other Musicians from the province of Quebec. Being a modern cosmopolitan society today all types of music can be found in the Canadian province of Quebec. The culture of Quebec is a Western culture that is rooted in the history and society of the French -speaking majority
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic