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LGBT adoption refers to the adoption of children by lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgendered people. LGBT (also GLBT) is an initialism referring collectively to Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, and Transgender / transsexual " Queer studies " is the study of issues relating to Sexual orientation and Gender identity. A lesbian is a Woman who is romantically or sexually attracted only to other women In the English language, gay is an Adjective that in modern usage refers to Homosexuality. Bisexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of both sexes or to a bisexual orientation Transgender (trænzˈdʒɛndɚ from ( Latin) derivatives Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. LGBT history refers to the History of Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and Transgender peoples and cultures around the world dating back Timeline of Lesbian, Gay, bisexual and Transgender ( LGBT) history Homosexual rights during the 20th century Gay Liberation is the name used to describe the radical Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender movement of the late 1960s and early to mid 1970s Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender social movements share related goals of social acceptance of Homosexuality, Bisexuality and Transgenderism Lesbian This is a Timeline of AIDS, including some discussion of early AIDS cases (especially those before 1980 Poliamory pride in San Francisco 2004jpg|thumb|Representatives of the Polyamory community at a San Francisco parade Gay community or LGBT community is a term used to describe the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender subculture LGBT pride or gay pride refers to a world wide movement and philosophy asserting that LGBT ( Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Closeted Coming out (that is " coming out of the closet " describes the voluntary public announcement of one's Sexual orientation and/or Gender identity A gay village (also known as a gay neighborhood or by the slang gayborhood) is an urban geographic location with generally recognized boundaries Queer theory is a field of Gender Studies that emerged in the early 1990s out of the fields of gay and Lesbian studies and feminist studies the relationship between homosexuality and religion can vary greatly across time and place within and between different Religions and Sects and regarding different Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender ( LGBT) communities have adopted certain Symbols and symbolates for Queer has traditionally meant odd or unusual but is now also used to refer to anyone who is not heteronormative. Questioning is a term that can refer to a person who is questioning their Gender, Sexual identity or Sexual orientation. The countries of the world have a wide variety of laws relating to sexual relations between people of the same sex - everything from full legal recognition of Same-sex marriage Same-sex marriage (also referred to as gay marriage) is a term for a legally or Socially recognized Marriage between two people of the same A civil union is a legally recognized union similar to Marriage. A sodomy law is a Law that defines certain Sexual acts as sex crimes. The militaries of the world have a variety of responses to Gays Lesbians and Bisexuals Most Western military forces have now removed policies excluding sexual Hate crimes (also known as bias motivated crimes) occur when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her membership in a certain Social group, usually defined The countries of the world have a wide variety of laws relating to sexual relations between people of the same sex - everything from full legal recognition of Same-sex marriage Heterosexism is a term that applies to attitudes, Bias, and Discrimination in favor of opposite-sex sexuality and relationships BenPhelpsJPG|thumb|right|Westboro Baptist Church picket signs with Ben Phelps grandson of Fred Phelps Lesbophobia (sometimes Lesbiphobia) comprises various forms of negativity toward Lesbian women as individuals as a couple or as a social group Biphobia is a term used to describe the fear of aversion to or discrimination against Bisexuality or LGBT people who are bisexual or perceived to be bisexual Adoption is the act of legally placing a child with a Parent or parents other than those to whom they were born A lesbian is a Woman who is romantically or sexually attracted only to other women In the English language, gay is an Adjective that in modern usage refers to Homosexuality. Bisexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of both sexes or to a bisexual orientation Transgender (trænzˈdʒɛndɚ from ( Latin) derivatives

Legal status around the world

Legal status of adoption by same-sex couples in Europe      Gay adoption legal      Step-child adoption legal      Gay adoption illegal      Unknown/Ambiguous

Adoption by same-sex couples is legal in Guam, Andorra, Belgium, Finnland ^[1] Iceland,^[2] the Netherlands, Norway ^[3], Sweden, South Africa, Spain, the United Kingdom, some parts of Australia, Canada and some parts of the United States. Guam ( Chamorro: cha Guåhån) officially the Territory of Guam, is an island in the western Pacific Ocean and is an organized unincorporated Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra ( Catalan: Principat d'Andorra) is a small Landlocked country in western The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

In Denmark, Germany,^[4] and Israel "stepchild-adoption" is permitted, so that the partner in a civil union can adopt the natural (or sometimes even adopted) child of his or her partner. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. A civil union is a legally recognized union similar to Marriage. In the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Hungary and some other countries, there is a universal adoption policy, meaning anyone judged to be capable of providing a healthy stable family home, whether straight, LGBT, married, single, cohabiting or unmarried, may apply for adoption. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Same-sex couples may also foster children in the Republic of Ireland as there is a dire need for foster parents. Same-sex couples may also foster children in Finland, but the most cases are step-child fostering cases (step-child adoption of same sex couples is illegal).

In February 2006, France's Court of Cassation ruled that both partners in a same-sex relationship can have parental rights over one partner's biological child. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Court of Cassation ( Cour de cassation in French) is the main Court of last resort in France. The result came from a case where a woman tried to give parental rights of her two daughters to her partner whom she was in a civil union with. ^[5] In February 2007, France's highest court ruled against a lesbian couple who tried to adopt a child. The court stated that the woman's partner cannot be recognized unless the birth mother withdraws parental rights. The court ruling dismissed the couple's rights to co-parent the child, and stated the only way it could allow adoption would be to legalize same-sex marriage. ^[6] In the same case the European Court of Human Rights ruled that the lesbian couple have the right to adopt a child. The European Court of Human Rights ( ECtHR) (Cour européenne des droits de l’homme in Strasbourg was established under the European Convention on Human Rights ^[7]

On June 2, 2006 the Icelandic Parliament voted for a proposal accepting adoption, parenting and assisted insemination treatment for same-sex couples on the same basis as heterosexual couples. No member of the parliament voted against the proposal. The law went into effect on June 27, 2006.

In Uruguay, first south american country in legalizing same-sex civil unions, a law accepting gay adoption and promoted by the government is currently discussed in the national parliament. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America ^[8]

"Second-parent adoption" is a process by which a same-sex partner can adopt her or his partner's biological or adoptive child without terminating the first legal parent's rights. Second-parent adoption was started by the National Center for Lesbian Rights (formerly the Lesbian Rights Project) in the mid-1980s. The National Center for Lesbian Rights (NCLR is a non-profit, public interest Law firm that litigates precedent-setting cases at the trial and appellate ^[9] California, Connecticut, Illinois, Maine,^[10] Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Washington State and Washington, D.C. explicitly allow second-parent adoption by same-sex couples statewide, either by statute or court ruling. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. The State of Maine ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Vermont ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D ^[11] As of May 2007, Colorado allows second-parent adoption by same-sex couples. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. ^[12] Courts in many other states have also granted second-parent adoptions to same-sex couples, though there is no statewide law or court decision that guarantees this. In fact, courts within the same state but in different jurisdictions often contradict each other in practice. Single parent adoption by lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals is legal in every state except Florida, which prohibits anyone who is "homosexual" from adopting. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the ^[13] Additionally, Utah prohibits adoption by "a person who is cohabiting in a relationship that is not a legally valid and binding marriage,"^[14] making it legal for single people to adopt, regardless of sexual orientation, so long as they are not co-habitating in non-marital relationships. The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. Critics of such restrictive policies also point out that in many of the states that have bans on second-parent adoption by same-sex couples, these same couples are still able to act as foster parents. Foster care is a system by which a certified stand-in "parent(s" cares for minor Children or young peoples who have been removed from their birth parents

Legal status of adoption by same-sex couples in North America      Gay Adoption legal      Step-child adoption      Gay Adoption illegal      Unknown/Ambiguous

Legal status of adoption by same-sex couples in Israel and the surrounding countries      Step-child adoption      Gay adoption illegal      Homosexuality illegal      Unknown/Ambiguous

As adoptions are mostly handled by local courts in the United States, some judges and clerks accept or deny petitions to adopt on criteria that vary from other judges and clerks in the same state. ^[15]

In Canada, adoption is within provincial/territorial jurisdiction, and thus the law differs from one province or territory to another. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Adoption by same-sex couples is legal in British Columbia,^[24] Manitoba,^[25] Newfoundland and Labrador,^[26] Nova Scotia,^[27] Ontario,^[28] Quebec,^[29] Saskatchewan,^[30], the Northwest Territories. British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Manitoba (English ˌmænɨˈtoʊbə French /manitoba/ is a province of Canada, spanning 647797 square kilometres (250116  sq mi of North America Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Saskatchewan (səˈskætʃəwən) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588276 The Northwest Territories (ˌnɔrθˌwɛstˈtɛrɨtɔriz ( NWT or NT; French, les Territoires du Nord-Ouest) is a territory ^[31], and Nunavut ^[32]. In Alberta, stepchild adoption is allowed. Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 ^[33] Adoption by same-sex couples is illegal in New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island,. New Brunswick ( French: Nouveau-Brunswick /nuvobʁɔnzwik/ is one of Canada 's three Maritime provinces and is the only constitutionally Prince Edward Island (ˌprɪns ˌɛdwɚd ˈaɪlɨnd ( PEI or P In the Yukon, the law regarding adoption is ambiguous. Yukon (ˈjuːkɒn is the westernmost and smallest of Canada's three territories. NDP MP Libby Davies, has campaigned for national uniformity when it comes to same-sex adoption. Principles policies and electoral achievement The NDP grew from populist, agrarian and democratic socialist roots A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Libby Davies (born February 27, 1953) is a Canadian Member of Parliament for the New Democratic Party, representing the riding of

In Australia, same-sex adoption is legal in the Australian Capital Territory and Western Australia,^[34] while only biolological adoption (regardless of type of couple) is possible in Tasmania. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. } The Australian Capital Territory (ACT is the Capital territory of the Commonwealth of Australia and its smallest self-governing internal territory Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass The lesbian co-mother or gay co-father(s) can apply to the Family Court of Australia for a parenting order, as ‘other people significant to the care, welfare and development’ of the child. But the lesbian co-mother and gay co-father(s) will be treated in the same way as a social parent is treated under the law; they will not be treated in the same way as a birth parent. ^[35] In May 2007, the Victorian Law Reform Commission in Victoria released its final report recommending that the laws be modified to allow more people to use assisted reproductive technologies and to allow same-sex couples to adopt and be recognized as parents to their partner's children. ^[36]

Further information: LGBT rights in Australia

In New Zealand, preliminary New Zealand Law Commission Reports and white papers have raised the issue already, while Metiria Turei, a Green Party of New Zealand List MP raised the issue in late May 2006. } The Australian Capital Territory (ACT is the Capital territory of the Commonwealth of Australia and its smallest self-governing internal territory The Northern Territory is a federal territory of Australia, occupying much of the center of the mainland continent as well as the central northern regions Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. The recognition and rights of LGBT couples and individuals in Australia have gradually been increasing within the states and territories since the 1970s The Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand is a Political party in the New Zealand parliament. In February 2005, the Greens had suggested that an adoption law reform clause should be added to the Relationships (Statutory References) Act 2005, which equalized heterosexual, lesbian and gay spousal status in New Zealand law and regulatory policy, apart from the Adoption Act 1955. While the measure was unsuccessful, it remains to be seen whether a reintroduced adoption law reform bill on its own would fare differently. ^[37]

A January 2005 ruling of the Israeli Supreme Court allowed step-child adoptions for same-sex couples. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Israel previously allowed limited co-guardianship rights for non-biological parents. ^[38]

In 2007 UK Catholic adoption agencies, comprising around a third of the voluntary sector, have said they will shut if forced to comply with new government legislation requiring them to enlist same-sex couples as potential adoptive parents. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". The government announced they will have to obey the law, although MP Ruth Kelly allowed them some extra time to comply. Ruth Maria Kelly (born 9 May 1968 is a British politician, currently Member of Parliament for the Bolton West Constituency representing

Financial considerations

A report from UCLA Law School's Williams Institute and the Urban Institute found that forbidding qualified gays, lesbians and bisexuals from adopting or fostering children could cost the United States between $87 million and $130 million per year. The University of California Los Angeles (generally known as UCLA) is a public research university located in Westwood Los Angeles, California, United The Urban Institute is a Washington DC based nonpartisan think tank that collects Data, conducts policy Research, evaluates Social programs ^[39][40]

Controversy

There is some controversy surrounding adoption by same-sex couples. Many lesbian gay bisexual and transgendered people are parents The controversy generally concerns whether or not there will be negative consequences for children raised by same-sex couples. Specific questions include the potential for gender confusion, biased sexual orientation, or the general well-being of such children. Gender identity disorder (GID is the formal diagnosis used by Psychologists and Physicians to describe persons who experience significant gender dysphoria (discontent Sexual orientation is believed to refer to "an enduring pattern of emotional romantic and/or sexual attractions to men women or both sexes Quality of life is the degree of well-being felt by an individual or group of people Social science research has shown that parents' sexual orientation has no bearing on that of children, and that children of LGBT couples fare as well as other children in many objective measures; the American Psychological Association, Child Welfare League of America, American Academy of Pediatrics, and many other relevant professional organizations believe LGBT parents to be as qualified as heterosexuals. Nevertheless, many object to LGBT parenting on moral or cultural grounds, and the issue is considered a part of the West's culture war. The culture war (or culture wars) in American usage is a metaphor used to claim that political conflict is based on sets of conflicting values For a brief survey of related arguments and sociological studies, see the main article. Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" Many lesbian gay bisexual and transgendered people are parents

Many same-sex couples are already coparenting children without legal status for the nonbiological parent; some advocates thus argue that adoption can simply normalize and add stability to an existing arrangement, while opponents of LGBT parenting contend that such arrangements are harmful to children and should not be encouraged.

Adoption. com is one the biggest, and possibly most widely used adoption websites in the United States. In a decision made by U. S. District Judge Phyllis Hamilton on May 21st, 2007, Adoption. com as well as its sister company ParentProfiles. com were denied the privilege of marketing their services to the people of California. It was found that the companies had failed to fully comply with California anti-discrimination laws which extend to sexual orientation and marital status. The internet companies, who act as a medium for people who are seeking to adopt, expectant mothers looking to place their child in an adoptive home and agencies with available children for adoption, have denied services to homosexual couples, single persons and all couples not considered legally married, by not allowing these persons to post profiles of themselves on the sites for the purpose of making contact with expectant mothers seeking homes for their children. By denying services to these persons the companies have perpetrated acts of discrimination based on sexual orientation and marital status. These companies provide services to, and gain profit from, numerous states across the U. S. , however at least nineteen states, in which the companies do business, have various anti-discrimination laws which are being violated by these companies. These states are Colorado, Connecticut, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington and Wisconsin respectively.

See also

• LGBT parenting
• Adoption
• Heterosexism
• Same-sex marriages and civil unions
• LGBT rights

Bibliography

• New Zealand Law Commission: Adoption- Options for Reform: Wellington: New Zealand Law Commission Preliminary Paper No 38: 1999: ISBN 1-877187-44-5

Further reading

• Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth & K. Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender social movements share related goals of social acceptance of Homosexuality, Bisexuality and Transgenderism Lesbian The countries of the world have a wide variety of laws relating to sexual relations between people of the same sex - everything from full legal recognition of Same-sex marriage LGBT history refers to the History of Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and Transgender peoples and cultures around the world dating back A list of LGBT rights activists who have worked to advance gay rights by political change legal action or publication The Declaration of Montreal on Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender Human Rights is a document adopted in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on July 29 Same-sex marriage (also referred to as gay marriage) is a term for a legally or Socially recognized Marriage between two people of the same LGBT rights opposition refers to various movements or attitudes which oppose the extension of certain rights to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Heterosexism is a term that applies to attitudes, Bias, and Discrimination in favor of opposite-sex sexuality and relationships Violence against LGBT people queer identifying and the same-sex attracted are actions which may occur either at the hands of Many lesbian gay bisexual and transgendered people are parents Adoption is the act of legally placing a child with a Parent or parents other than those to whom they were born Heterosexism is a term that applies to attitudes, Bias, and Discrimination in favor of opposite-sex sexuality and relationships Same-sex marriage (also referred to as gay marriage) is a term for a legally or Socially recognized Marriage between two people of the same A civil union is a legally recognized union similar to Marriage. Lee Lerner (eds) (2006). Gender issues and sexuality : essential primary sources. . Thomson Gale. ISBN 1414403259.   Primary resource collection and readings. Library of Congress. Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms

• Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth & K. Lee Lerner (eds) (2006). Family in society : essential primary sources. . Thomson Gale. ISBN 1414403305.   Primary resource collection and readings. Library of Congress. Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms

• Stacey, J. & Davenport, E. (2002) Queer Families Quack Back, in: D. Richardson & S. Seidman (Eds) Handbook of Lesbian and Gay Studies. London, SAGE Publications), 355-374.

References

External links

• Gay adoption group - "newfamilysocial": LGB adoption resource, and UK based support group.
• www.adoptionconnections.ca: Canadian online adoptive parent registry, "Dear Birthparent" letter consultation, adoption forums.
• Families Joined by Love - Books and resources for LGBT Families.
• AICAN - Australian Intercountry Adoption Network
• National Center for Lesbian Rights - Information about the legal rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people and their families, including a legal information hotline.
• AAP News Release - AAP Says Children of Same-sex Couples Deserve Two Legally Recognized Parents
• New Position Statement Adopted by the American Psychiatric Association (APA): Adoption and Co-Parenting of Children by Same-Sex Couples (PDF)
• - A site that describes a recent effort by GLBTQ parents to overturn Florida's ban. LGBT (also GLBT) is an initialism referring collectively to Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, and Transgender / transsexual
• PrideFamilies.com - Resources for LGBT families.
• The Pride Family Flag web site - The story of the new LGBT family flag.
• Gay.com - Adoption and Parenting - News and Current Events pertaining to the rights and responsibilities of same-sex parents in adopting and parenting.
• Family Pride Coalition - The only US-based national level non-profit organization solely dedicated to advocating for LGBT parents and their families.
• Families Like Ours - Adoption resource center with a focus on same-sex parenting.
• The Rockway Institute for LGBT research in the public interest at Alliant International University
• COLAGE (Children of Lesbians and Gays Everywhere)
• Canada.com "In the Family Way" - News story of gay and lesbian adoptive families, and the surrogate and donor family. LGBT (also GLBT) is an initialism referring collectively to Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, and Transgender / transsexual History Alliant International University is an independent not-for-profit university formed in July 2001 as a result of a merger between California School of Professional
• Families Like Mine
• Diverse Family Resource, PC, Advocates and supporters of LGBT families