| Comune dell'Aquila | |
|---|---|
 Municipal coat of arms |
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| Country |  Italy |
| Region | Abruzzo |
| Province | L'Aquila (AQ) |
| Mayor | Massimo Cialente |
| Elevation | 714 m (2,343 ft) |
| Area | 466 km² (180 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| - Total | 69,368 |
| - Density | 149/km² (386/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET, UTC+1 |
| Coordinates | |
| Gentilic | Aquilani |
| Dialing code | 0862 |
| Postal code | 67100 |
| Frazioni | see list |
| Patron | St. Maximus, St. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune The Province of L'Aquila ( Provincia dell'Aquila) is the largest most mountainous and least densely populated province of the Abruzzo region of Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Here are a list of area codes in Italy. All numbers here begin with the country code (0039 A frazione, in Italy, is the name given in administrative law to a type of territorial subdivision of a Comune; for other Administrative L'Aquila is a city and Comune of central Italy. Laid out within medieval walls on a hill in the wide valley of the Aterno river and surrounded Saint Maximus of Aveia (d ca 250 AD (sometimes also known as Saint Maximus of Aquila) is one of the Patron saints of L'Aquila, Italy Equitius, St. Peter Celestine, St. Bernardino of Siena |
| - Day | June 10 |
| Website: www.comune.laquila.it | |
L'Aquila is a city and comune of central Italy. In Italy, the comune, (plural comuni) is the basic Administrative division of both provinces and regions and may be properly approximated in Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Laid out within medieval walls on a hill in the wide valley of the Aterno river, and surrounded by the Apennine Mountains, with the Gran Sasso d'Italia to the north-east, it is both the capital of the Abruzzo region and the seat of the province of L'Aquila. The Aterno-Pescara (ancient Aternus from the Greek Aternos, Ατερνος) is a River system in Abruzzo, eastern Gran Sasso d'Italia is a mountain located in the Abruzzo region of central Italy. The Province of L'Aquila ( Provincia dell'Aquila) is the largest most mountainous and least densely populated province of the Abruzzo region of Described as "the most handsome city of the Abruzzo" by the Financial Times, L'Aquila sits upon hillside in the middle of a narrow valley, tall snow-capped mountains of the Gran Sasso massif flank the town. The Financial Times ( FT) is a British international business Newspaper. Gran Sasso d'Italia is a mountain located in the Abruzzo region of central Italy. A maze of narrow streets lined with baroque or renaissance buildings and churches, opening onto elegant piazzas, home to the University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila is a lively college town and as such has many cultural institutions: a repertory theater, a symphony orchestra, a fine-arts academy, a state conservatory, and a film institute. The University of L'Aquila ( Italian: Università degli Studi dell'Aquila) is a university located in L'Aquila, Italy.
Contents |
History
The city construction was begun by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Sicily out of several already existing villages (ninety-nine, according to local tradition; see Amiternum), as a bulwark against the power of the papacy. Frederick II ( December 26, 1194 &ndash December 13, 1250) of the Hohenstaufen dynasty was a Pretender to the title Amiternum, a traditional cradle of the Sabines is an ancient Sabine Prefecture in the Abruzzo region of modern Italy at 9 km from L'Aquila The name of Aquila ("Eagle" in Italian) was indeed chosen after the heraldic eagle in the Hohenstaufen arms. The construction was completed in 1254 under Frederick's son, Conrad IV of Germany. Conrad IV ( 25 April 1228 &ndash 21 May 1254) was king of Jerusalem (as Conrad II) (1228&ndash1254 of Germany The name was switched to Aquila degli Abruzzi in 1861, and L'Aquila in 1939. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. After the death of Conrad, the city was destroyed by his brother Manfred in 1259, but soon rebuilt by Charles I of Anjou, its successor as king of Sicily. Charles I ( 21 March 1226 &ndash 7 January 1285) commonly called Charles of Anjou, was the King of Sicily by conquest The walls were completed in 1316.
It quickly became the second city of the kingdom of Naples. It was an autonomous city, ruled by a diarchy composed of the City Council (which had varying names and composition over the centuries) and the King's Captain. It fell initially under the lordship of Niccolò dell'Isola, appointed by the people as People's Knight, then killed when he became a tyrant. Later, it fell under Pietro "Lalle" Camponeschi, Count of Montorio, who became the third side of a new triarchy, with the Council and the King's Captain. Camponeschi, who was also Great Chancellor of the kingdom of Naples, become too powerful, and was killed by order of Prince Louis of Taranto. Louis (1320 &ndash 26 May 1362) of the House of Anjou, was the Prince of Taranto from 1346 and King of Naples from 1352 His descendants fought with the Pretatti family for power for several generations, but never again attained the power of their ancestor. The last, and the one true "lord" of L'Aquila, was Ludovico Franchi, who challenged the power of the pope by giving refuge to Alfonso I d'Este, former duke of Ferrara, and the children of Giampaolo Baglioni, deposed signor of Perugia. Alfonso d'Este ( 21 July, 1476 &ndash 31 October, 1534) was Duke of Ferrara during the time of the War of the League of List of Dukes of Ferrara and of Modena In 1452 the Italian family of Este, Lords of Ferrara, were created Dukes of Modena and Gian Paolo Baglioni (c 1470 - June 1520 was an Italian condottiero and lord of Perugia. Perugia is the capital City of the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the Tiber river and the capital of the Province of Perugia In the end, however, the Aquilans, always fond of their freedom, had him deposed and imprisoned by the king of Naples. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the
The power of L'Aquila was based on the close connection between the city and its mother-villages, which had established the city as a federation, each of them building a borough and considering it as a part of the mother-village. That is also why number 99 is so important in the architecture of L'Aquila, and a very peculiar monument, the Fountain of the 99 Spouts (Fontana delle 99 Cannelle), was given its name to celebrate the ancient origin of the town. The City Council was originally composed of the Mayors of the villages, and the city had no legal existence until King Carlo II of Naples appointed a "Camerlengo", responsible for city tributes (previously paid separately by each of its mother-villages). Later, the Camerlengo also took political power, as President of the City Council.
From its beginnings the city constituted an important market for the surrounding countryside, which provided it with a regular supply of food: from the fertile valleys came the precious saffron; the surrounding mountain pastures provided summer grazing for numerous transhumant flocks of sheep, which in turn supplied abundant raw materials for export and, to a lesser extent, small local industries, which in time brought craftsmen and merchants from outside the area.
Within a few decades L'Aquila became a crossroads in communications between cities within and beyond the Kingdom, thanks to the so-called "via degli Abruzzi", which ran from Florence to Naples by way of Perugia, Rieti, L'Aquila, Sulmona, Isernia, Venafro, Teano and Capua. Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Perugia is the capital City of the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the Tiber river and the capital of the Province of Perugia Capua is a city in the Province of Caserta, Campania, Italy situated 25 km (16 mi north of Naples, on the northeastern edge of
Negotiations for the succession of Edmund, son of Henry III of England, to the throne of the Kingdom of Sicily involved L'Aquila in the web of interests linking the Papal Curia to the English court. Henry III (1 October 1207 &ndash 16 November 1272 was the son and successor of John "Lackland" as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 A Curia in early Roman times was a subdivision of the people i On 23rd December 1256, Pope Alexander IV elevated the churches of Saints Massimo and Giorgio to the status of cathedrals as a reward to the citizens of L'Aquila for their opposition to King Manfred who, in July 1259, had the city razed to the ground in an attempt to destroy the negotiations. Pope Alexander IV (1199 or ca 1185 &ndash May 25 1261) was Pope from 1254 until his death The denuus reformator was Charles I of Anjou, but the city really became known beyond the borders of the Kingdom as a result of the exceptionally important event that took place on August 29, 1294, when the hermit Pietro del Morrone was consecrated as pope Celestine V in the church of S. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) A hermit (from the Greek ἔρημος erēmos, signifying " Desert " "uninhabited" hence "desert-dweller" adjective "eremitic" Maria di Collemaggio, in commemoration of which the new pope decreed the annual religious rite of the pardon, Perdonanza, still observed today on August 28 and 29: it is the immediate ancestor of the Jubilee Year. The concept of the Jubilee is a special year of remission of Sins and universal pardon
The pontificate of Celestine gave a new impulse to building development, as can be seen from the city statutes. In 1311, moreover, King Robert of Anjou granted privileges which had a decisive influence on the development of trade. These privileges protected all activities related to sheep-farming, exempting them from customs duties on imports and exports. This was the period in which merchants from Tuscany (Scale, Bonaccorsi) and Rieti purchased houses in the city. Hence the conditions for radical political renewal: in 1355 the trade guilds of leather-workers, metal-workers, merchants and learned men were brought into the government of the city, and these together with the Camerario and the Cinque constituted the new Camera Aquilana. Eleven years earlier, in 1344, the King had granted the city its own mint.
The middle of the 14th century was a period of great crisis for L'Aquila, as for the whole of Europe. The city was struck so frequently by plague epidemics (1348, 1363) and earthquakes (1349) that it gave the appearance of having been abandoned. Reconstruction began soon, however. Many are the signs of the importance L'Aquila had reached by the turn of the 14th-15th century: Jewish families came to live in the city; the generals of the Franciscan Order chose the city as the seat of the Order's general chapters (1376, 1408, 1411, 1450, 1452, 1495); friar Bernardino of Siena, of the Franciscan order of the Observance, visited L'Aquila twice, the first time to preach in the presence of King René of Naples, and in 1444, on his second visit, he died in the city. The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic Saint Bernardino of Siena (sometimes Bernardine, September 8 1380 &ndash May 20, 1444) was an Italian priest preacher René of Anjou ( January 16, 1409 &ndash July 10, 1480) also known as René I of Naples and Good King René ( French In 1481 Adam of Rottweil, a pupil and collaborator of Johann Gutenberg, obtained permission to establish a printing press in L'Aquila. Works -"it Introito e porta de quele che voleno imparare e comprender todescho o latino cioè taliano" Venice 1477 Sources Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg ( 1398 &ndash February 3, 1468) was a German Goldsmith and printer who is credited
The Osservanti branch of the Franciscan order had a decisive influence on L'Aquila. As a result of initiatives by Fra Giovanni da Capistrano and fra Giacomo della Marca, Lombard masters undertook, in the relatively undeveloped north-east of the city, an imposing series of buildings centring on the hospital of S. Saint Giovanni da Capestrano ( in English, Saint John Capistrano and in Hungarian, János Kapisztrán) June 24 Salvatore (1446) and the convent and the basilica of S. Bernardino. The construction work was long and difficult, mainly because of the earthquake of 1461, which caused the buildings to collapse, and the translation of the body of S. Bernardino did not take place until May 14, 1472. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the The whole city suffered serious damage on the occasion of the earthquake, and two years went by before repairs on the churches and convents began.
In a strategy finalized to increasing their political and economic autonomy, the Aquilani took a series of political gambles, siding sometimes with the Roman Papacy, sometimes with the the Kingdom of Naples. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and The Kingdom of Naples was an informal name of the Polity officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily which existed on the mainland of the southern Italian When the Pope excommunicated Joanna II, Queen of Naples, appointing Louis III of Anjou as heir to the crown in her stead, L'Aquila sided with the Angevines. Joan II (23 June 23 1373 &ndash 2 February 1435 was Queen of Naples from 1414 to her death Louis III (1403 &ndash 12 November 1434) was titular King of Naples 1417&ndash1426 Count of Provence, Forcalquier, Piedmont Joanna called to fight for her Braccio da Montone, lord of Perugia, Todi, Assisi, Spello and Jesi, one of the greatest Italian condottieri of the time. Braccio da Montone, born Andrea Fortebracci, and also known as Braccio Fortebraccio ( 1 July 1368 &ndash 5 June 1424) was Perugia is the capital City of the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the Tiber river and the capital of the Province of Perugia Condottieri (singular condottiero, rarely condottiero) were Mercenary leaders employed by the Italian City-states from the Late Middle In exchange for his services, Braccio obtained the lordship of Teramo, as well as the fiefdoms of Capua and Foggia, and he started a 13-year-long siege of L'Aquila, that resisted bravely. Facing Braccio at the head of the Angevine army was Muzio Attendolo Sforza and his son Francesco. Muzio Attendolo Sforza ( May 28, 1369 - January 4, 1424) was an Italian Condottiero. Francesco I Sforza ( July 23, 1401 - March 8, 1466) was an Italian Condottiero, the founder of the Sforza dynasty in The final clash between the two contenders was just below the walls of Aquila, near the hamlet today called Bazzano. On 2 June 1424 the battle was fought between the most celebrated condottieri of the time; Braccio, mortally wounded in the neck, was made prisoner and transported to Aquila, where he died three days later, on June 5, 1424. The Pope had him buried in deconsecrated earth. The citizens of L'Aquila honored the bravery of their enemy Braccio by dedicating one of the main streets of the city to his name.
This period of freedom and prosperity ended in the 16th century, when Spanish viceroy Philibert van Oranje partially destroyed L'Aquila and established Spanish feudalism in its countryside. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Philibert de Châlon ( 18 March 1502 - 3 August 1530) was the last Prince of Orange from the House of Châlon. The city, separated from its roots, never developed again. Ancient privileges were revocated. L'Aquila was destroyed for the third time (the first was in 1258 by King Manfredi of Sicily), by an earthquake in 1703. Year 1703 ( MDCCIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Successive earthquakes have repeatedly damaged the city's large Duomo, and destroyed the original dome of the basilica of San Bernardino, designed along the lines of the dome of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence. Duomo is a generic Italian term for a Cathedral church The formal word for a church that is presently a cathedral is cattedrale; a The Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore is the Cathedral church ( Duomo) of Florence, Italy.
The city was also sacked two times by French troops in 1799. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a
L'Aquila like so much of Italy is a city of political contrasts. In the 1970s a novel by Alberto Moravia was seized because considered obscene and a local Catholic Archbishop protested the nudity of a centuries-old statue of a young man, and a group of local reactionaries even asked for the seizure of the £ 50 coin, because it showed a naked man. Alberto Moravia, born Alberto Pincherle, ( November 28, 1907 &ndash September 26, 1990) was one of the leading Italian In the late 90s, a municipal swimming pool was dedicated to fascist minister Adelchi Serena, whose main claim to fame was having said that racial laws against Jews had been too mild. However, in October 2003 a liberal judge in l'Aquila ordered the small town of Ofena to remove a crucifix from its elementary school so as to not to offend the religious sensibilities of two young muslim students. After a national outcry, the judge's decision was overturned. In May 2007, Dr. Massimo Cialente, a physician and medical researcher, was elected mayor of L’Aquila representing the Italian center-left , The Union (political coalition). The Union ( Italian: L'Unione) was an Italian Centre-left Political party coalition led by Romano Prodi, the
Main sights
Although less than two hours' drive from Rome, and a popular summer and winter resort with Romans hiking and skiing in the surrounding mountains, the city has not yet been heavily affected by foreign tourism. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2
In the highest part of the town is the massive fortress (Forte Spagnolo), erected by the Spanish viceroy Don Pedro de Toledo in 1534. The Forte Spagnolo ( Italian for Spanish fortress) of L'Aquila - commonly called " il Castello " by the Aquilans is one of the most impressive It is currently home to the National Museum of Abruzzo.
The Cathedral (Duomo) was built in the 13th but crumbled down during the 1703 earthquake. The current façade is from the 19th century.
The church of San Bernardino di Siena (1472) has a fine Renaissance façade by Nicolò Filotesio (commonly called Cola dell'Amatrice), and contains the monumental tomb of the saint, decorated with beautiful sculptures, and executed by Silvestro Ariscola in 1480. Nicola Filotesio ( 9 September[[ 480]] or 1489&mdash 31 August[[ 547]] or 1559 was an Italian painter architect and Sculptor of the
The church of S. Maria di Collemaggio, just outside the town, has a very fine Romanesque façade of simple design (1270-1280) in red and white marble, with three finely decorated portals and a rose-window above each. S Maria di Collemaggio is a large medieval church in L'Aquila, celebrated not only for its architecture but also as the site of the original Papal Jubilee, The two side doors are also fine. The interior contains the mausoleum of Pope Celestine V erected in 1517. Many smaller churches in the town have similar façades (S. Giusta, S. Silvestro and others).
The town also contains some fine palaces: the municipality has a museum, with a collection of Roman inscriptions and some illuminated service books. The Palazzi Dragonetti and Persichetti contain private collections of pictures. Outside the town is the Fontana delle novantanove cannelle, a fountain with ninety-nine jets distributed along three walls, constructed in 1272. The source of the fountain is still unknown.
A well-known city landmark is the Fontana Luminosa ("Luminous Fountain"), a sculpture of two women bearing large jars, built in the 1930s. The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. The local cemetery includes the grave of Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, a 19th‑century German gay rights pioneer, who lived and died at L'Aquila: every year, gay people from all over the world meet at the cemetery to honour his memory. for the (unrelated periodical directory see Ulrich's Periodicals Directory Karl-Heinrich Ulrichs weiner ( Aurich, 28 August Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender social movements share related goals of social acceptance of Homosexuality, Bisexuality and Transgenderism Lesbian
The surrounding area boasts Roman ruins (the important Roman city of Amiternum), ancient monasteries, and numerous castles. Amiternum, a traditional cradle of the Sabines is an ancient Sabine Prefecture in the Abruzzo region of modern Italy at 9 km from L'Aquila The best-known of these is Rocca Calascio (used in the 1980s as the location for the movie Ladyhawke), which is the highest castle in Italy and one of the highest in Europe. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. Ladyhawke is a 1985 Fantasy film starring Matthew Broderick, Rutger Hauer and Michelle Pfeiffer, directed by Also nearby are several ski resorts for Gran Sasso d'Italia, the highest of the Apennines. Gran Sasso d'Italia is a mountain located in the Abruzzo region of central Italy.
Sport
The city is the home of five-time Italian champions L'Aquila Rugby. L'Aquila Rugby is an Italian Rugby union club currently competing in Serie A. The football squad, L'Aquila Calcio, played 3 times in serie B. Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica L'Aquila Calcio 1927 is an Italian football club located in L'Aquila, Abruzzo. Promotion and Relegation At the end of the season, three teams are promoted to Serie A and four teams are relegated to Serie C1.
Frazioni
Aquilio, Aragno, Aringo, Arischia, Assergi, Bagno, Bazzano, Camarda, Cansatessa, Casaline, Cermone, Cese, Civita di Bagno, Colle di Preturo, Colle di Sassa, Colle Roio - Poggio di Roio, Collebrincioni, Collefracido, Coppito, Filetto, Foce, Forcelle, Genzano, Gignano, Monticchio, Onna, Paganica, Pagliare di Sassa, Pescomaggiore, Palombaia, Pettino, Pianola, Pile, Pizzutillo, Poggio Roio, Poggio Santa Maria, Pozza di Preturo, Pratelle, Preturo, Ripa, Roio Piano - Poggio di Roio, San Giacomo alto, San Giuliano, San Gregorio, San Leonardo, San Marco Di Preturo, San Martino di Sassa, Santa Rufina, Sant'Angelo, Sant'Elia, Santi, San Vittorino, Sassa, Tempera, Torretta, Valle Pretara, Vallesindola, Vasche. Paganica is a town in the Province of L'Aquila, in the Abruzzo region of southern Italy.
Twinned cities
L'Aquila has been twinned with these cities:
Rottweil, Germany
York, Canada
Cuenca, Spain
Hobart, Australia
Zielona Gora, Poland- Bernalda, Italy
Bistriţa, Romania
Baalbeck, Lebanon
Famous people
- Raffaele Cappelli (1848-1921)
- Nazzareno de Angelis (1881-1962)
- Alessia Fabiani (1976)
- Mario Magnotta (1938)
- Bruno Vespa (1944)
References
- Bindi (1889). Rottweil is the oldest Town in southwestern Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. York is a community in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Formerly a separate city it was one of six municipalities Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Cuenca is a city (2004 pop 47862 in the Autonomous community of Castilla-La Mancha in central Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Hobart is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Zielona Góra Łódź Voivodeship Zielona Góra (Grünberg in Schlesien is a City in Lower Silesia, in western Poland, with 118730 inhabitants within Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Bernalda is a town and Comune in the Province of Matera, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Bistriţa (Bistritz archaic Nösen; Beszterce is the capital City of Bistriţa-Năsăud County, Transylvania, Romania. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Baalbek (بعلبك is a town in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon, altitude 1170 m (3850 ft situated east of the Litani River. Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Nazzareno De Angelis ( November 17, 1881, L'Aquila - December 14, 1962, Rome) was an Italian bass, particularly Alessia Fabiani (born December 10, 1976 in L'Aquila) is an Italian model and TV frontgirl Mario Magnotta (born in Pieve di Teco ( IM), - Italy - 14 October 1942) is an Italian Janitor of an Accountancy Monumenti storici ed artistici degli Abruzzi, 771 seq. .
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
External links
- Inside Abruzzo: Insider Tips Uncovered
- Official website
- A portal for L'Aquila
- Images, news, webcam from Big Stone GRAN SASSO d'ITALIA
- |n the Land of Bears and Castles, The Financial Times (29 June 2007)
- Image gallery
- newsgroup <italia.laquila.discussioni>
- L'Aquila Rugby
- Turistical and historical informations about L'Aquila, Abruzzo
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