The Lý Dynasty (Vietnamese: nhà Lý, pronounced like Lee), sometimes known as the Posterior Lý Dynasty (nhà Hậu Lý), was a Vietnamese dynasty that began in 1009 when Lý Thái Tổ overthrew the Prior Lê Dynasty (nhà Tiền Lê) and ended in 1225 when the queen Lý Chiêu Hoàng (then 8 years old) was forced to abdicate the throne in favor of her husband, Trần Cảnh. Vietnamese ( tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ) formerly known under French colonization as Annamese ( see Annam) Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Lý Thái Tổ ( Hán tự: 李[[wikt 太|太]] 祖, birth name Lý Công Uẩn 李[[wikt 公|公]] ruled Vietnam as emperor for 19 years The Anterior Lê Dynasty or Prior Lê Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Tiền Lê; IPA: /ɲa˨˩ tiən˨˩ le/ was a dynasty that ruled Vietnam Trần Thái Tông (1218-1277 陳[[wikt 太|太]] 宗) was a Vietnamese king under the Trần Dynasty. They ruled Vietnam for a total of 216 years. During Lý Thánh Tông's reign, the official name of Vietnam became Đại Việt. Lý Thánh Tông ( IPA: /li˦˥ tʰɐn˦˥ toŋm/ Hán tự: 李[[wikt 聖|聖]] 宗; born Lý Nhật Tôn 李[[wikt 日|日]] Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially
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History
The person who began the Lý Dynasty was Lý Công Uẩn. The history of Vietnam begins around 2700 years ago Successive dynasties based in China ruled Vietnam directly for most of the period from 111 BC until 938 Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Hồng Bàng Dynasty, also known as the Lạc Dynasty, is a Dynasty that supposedly ruled in Vietnam (then known as Văn Lang) for over 2000 An Dương Vương ( Hán Việt: 安[[wikt 陽|陽]] 王; literally "Peaceful Sun King" is the ruling title of Thục Phán ( 蜀[[wikt Nanyue ( was an ancient kingdom that consisted of parts of the modern Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and much of modern northern The Triệu Dynasty (Nhà Triệu is the name given in Vietnam to the lineage of kings of the kingdom of Nam Việt (Nanyue which ruled over parts of The Second Chinese domination of Vietnam saw China strengthen its control over the region Triệu Thị Trinh ( Hán Việt: 趙[[wikt 氏|氏]] 貞) also known as Triệu Ẩu ( 趙[[wikt 嫗|嫗]] or Bà Triệu Lý Nam Đế ( 李[[wikt 南|南]] 帝, Lý The Southern Emperor) was originally Lý Bí or Lý Bôn ( 李[[wikt 賁|賁]] Triệu Việt Vương ( Hán tự: 趙[[wikt 越|越]] 王; ? The Third Chinese domination of Vietnam saw two Chinese imperial dynasties rule over the Chinese controlled region of Chiaozhou ( 交州, Vietnamese Giao Châu an Phùng Hưng ( Hán tự: 馮[[wikt 興|興]] 761-802 was a military leader who briefly reigned over Vietnam during the 8th century The Khúc family (Họ Khúc was a session of leaders who challenged Tang rule over Vietnam. Dương Đình Nghệ ( Hán tự: 楊廷藝 ?-937 some sources record Dương Diên Nghệ, 楊延藝 was the administrator of Giao Chỉ in around 931 The Ngô Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Ngô Hán tự: 吳[[wikt 朝|朝]] 939-967 was a dynasty in Vietnam. The 12 Lords Rebellion (Loạn 12 Sứ Quân was a period of chaos and civil war in the History of Vietnam, from 966 to 968 AD during the Ngô Dynasty, due to a conflict The Đinh Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Đinh; Han-Viet: Đinh Triều, 丁[[wikt 朝|朝]] was the imperial dynasty of Vietnam The Anterior Lê Dynasty or Prior Lê Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Tiền Lê; IPA: /ɲa˨˩ tiən˨˩ le/ was a dynasty that ruled Vietnam The Trần Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Trần, Hán Việt: Trần Triều, 陳朝 was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled Vietnam (at that The Hồ Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Hồ; Hán Việt: Hồ Triều) in Vietnam was a short-lived seven-year reign of two emperors The fourth Chinese domination was a period of the History of Vietnam, from 1407 to 1427, upon which the country was ruled by the Ming Dynasty The Posterior Trần Dynasty (Nhà Hậu Trần period of 1407 till 1413 in the history of Vietnam is characterized by two revolts centered around Trần Quỹ ( The Later Lê Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Hậu Lê; Hán Việt: 後黎朝 sometimes referred to as the Lê Dynasty (the earlier Lê Dynasty The Mạc Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Mạc; Hán Việt: 莫[[wikt 朝|朝]] ruled the northern provinces of Vietnam from 1527 The Trịnh Lords (Chúa Trịnh Chu nom: 主[[wikt 鄭|鄭]] 1545-1787 were a series of rulers of Vietnam who controlled the powers of government while leaving The Nguyễn Lords ( Vietnamese: Chúa Nguyễn; 1558 - 1775 were a series of rulers of Southern Vietnam (then called Đàng Trong) The name of Tây Sơn ( 西[[wikt 山|山]] is used in many ways referring back to the period of Peasant rebellions and decentralized dynasties established between The Nguyễn Dynasty (Nhà Nguyễn Hán Việt: Nguyễn triều 阮朝 was the last ruling family of Vietnam. First French interventions See also France-Vietnam relations France-Vietnam relations started as early as the 17th century with the mission of the Jesuit The Empire of Vietnam ( Vietnamese: Đế quốc Việt Nam, or (Việt Nam Đế quốc) was a short-lived Puppet state of Imperial Japan The Indochina Wars ( Vietnamese: Chiến tranh Đông Dương) refers to Wars of national liberation and attempts of the Vietnamese communists to assert regional The Partition of Vietnam was the establishment of the 17th parallel as the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone in 1954 splitting Vietnam into halves after the The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN or less commonly Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa was a Country on the northern half of Vietnam The State of Vietnam ( Vietnamese: Quốc gia Việt Nam) was a former state in Vietnam replacing the former Republic of Cochinchina (1946-1949 "RVN" redirects here RVN is also the former callsign of a TV station in Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia The Republic of South Vietnam (Cộng Hòa Miền Nam Việt Nam was the provisional government of South Vietnam following the final military defeat of the Army of the Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The kingdom of Champa ( Chăm Pa in Vietnamese or Chiêm Thành in Hán Việt records was an Indianized kingdom and controlled what Below is a list of Vietnamese monarchs. Some declared themselves kings ( vua / vương) or emperors ( hoàng đế) Until French colonization in the mid-19th century Vietnam's economy was uniformly agrarian subsistence and village-oriented The Lý was the first Vietnamese dynasty that was able to hold onto power for more than several decades, allowing them to secure and expand the territory. Domestically, while the Lý Emperors were devout Buddhists, the influence of Confucianism from China was on the rise, with the opening of the first University in Vietnam in 1070 (Temple of Literature) for selection of civil servants who are not from noble families. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Confucianism ( is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of the fifth century B China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Văn Miếu ( 文[[wikt 廟|廟]] or Temple of Literature, known as "pagode des Corbeaux" during the period of French colonisation is a Temple of Confucius Politically, they created a system of administration based on rule of law rather than on autocratic principles. The fact that they chose the Đại La Citadel as the capital (later renamed Thăng Long and subsequently Hà Nội) showed that they held onto power due to economic strength and were liked by their subjects rather than by military means like prior dynasties. Hanoi ( Vietnamese: Hà Nội Hán Tự: 河[[wikt 内|内]], estimated population 3398889 (2007, is the Capital of Vietnam
Following the death of Dinh Bo Linh in 979, the Song rulers attempted to reassert Chinese control over Vietnam. Đinh Bộ Lĩnh ( Hán tự: 丁[[wikt 部|部]] 領; 923–979 r The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Le Hoan, the commander in chief of Dinh Bo Linh's army, seized the throne and successfully repulsed the Chinese army in 981 in the 2nd battle of Bach Dang Giang. Lê Hoàn (941–1005 Hán tự: 黎[[wikt 桓|桓]] Posthumous name Lê Đại Hành, was a king of Vietnam under the Anterior Lê Dynasty The Battle of Bạch Đằng ( 981) was an important battle in the history of Vietnam 's struggle against the domination of China to their north Lý Công Uẩn, a former temple orphan who had risen to commander of the palace guard, succeeded Le Hoan in 1009, thereby founding the great Lý dynasty. Lý Thái Tổ ( Hán tự: 李[[wikt 太|太]] 祖, birth name Lý Công Uẩn 李[[wikt 公|公]] ruled Vietnam as emperor for 19 years He took the reign name Lý Thái Tổ. The early Lý Emperors established a prosperous state with a stable monarchy at the head of a centralized administration. The name of the country was changed to Đại Việt by Emperor Lý Thánh Tông in 1054.
The first century of Lý rule was marked by warfare with China and the two Indianized kingdoms to the south, Chenla and Champa. After these threats were dealt with successfully, the second century of Lý rule was relatively peaceful enabling the Lý Emperors to establish a Buddhist ruling tradition closely related to the other East Asian Buddhist kingdoms of that period. Buddhism became a kind of state religion as members of the royal family and the nobility made pilgrimages, supported the building of pagodas, sometimes even entered monastic life, and otherwise took an active part in Buddhist practices. Bonzes became a privileged landed class, exempt from taxes and military duty. At the same time, Buddhism, in an increasingly Vietnamized form associated with magic, spirits, and medicine, grew in popularity with the people.
During the Lý dynasty, the Vietnamese began their long march to the south (Nam Tiến) at the expense of the Cham and the Khmer. Le Hoan had sacked the Cham capital of Indrapura in 982, whereupon the Cham established a new capital at Vijaya. This was captured twice by the Vietnamese, however, and in 1079 the Cham were forced to cede to the Lý rulers their three northern provinces. Soon afterwards, Vietnamese peasants began moving into the untilled former Cham lands, turning them into rice fields and moving relentlessly southward, delta by delta, along the narrow coastal plain. The Lý Emperors supported the improvement of Vietnam's agricultural system by constructing and repairing dikes and canals and by allowing soldiers to return to their villages to work for six months of each year. As their territory and population expanded, the Lý Emperors looked to China as a model for organizing a strong, centrally administered state. Minor officials were chosen by examination for the first time in 1075, and a civil service training institute and an imperial academy were set up in 1076. In 1089 a fixed hierarchy of state officials was established, with nine degrees of civil and military scholarofficials . Examinations for public office were made compulsory, and literary competitions were held to determine the grades of officials.
War against the Song
In foreign relations with the Song Dynasty during the Lý Dynasty, Vietnam acted as a vassal state, although at its zenith it had sent troops into Chinese territory to fight the Song. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
In 1075, Wang Anshi, the prime minister, told the Song emperor that Đại Việt was being destroyed by Champa, with less than ten thousand soldiers surviving, hence it would be a good occasion to annex Đại Việt. Background Under the Song Dynasty the unprecedented development of large estates whose owners managed to evade paying their share of Taxes resulted in an increasingly The kingdom of Champa ( Chăm Pa in Vietnamese or Chiêm Thành in Hán Việt records was an Indianized kingdom and controlled what The Song emperor mobilized troops, passed decree to forbid all the provinces to trade with Đại Việt. Upon hearing the news, the Lý ruler sent Lý Thường Kiệt and Tôn Đản with more than 100,000 troops to China to meet the Song troops. In the ensuing 40-day battle near modern-day Nanning, the Đại Việt troops were victorious, capturing the generals of three Song armies. Nanning ( Zhuang: Namzningz, meaning 'South Prosperity' is the capital of Guangxi autonomous region in southern China. In 1076, the Songs formed an alliance with Champa and the Khmer Empire and sent troops to invade Đại Việt. The Khmer Empire was the largest empire of South East Asia based in what is now Cambodia. Lý Nhân Tông sent, again, Lý Thường Kiệt. Lý Nhân Tông, or Lý Nhon Ton ( Hán tự: 李[[wikt 仁|仁]] 宗; 1066-1127 was the emperor of Vietnam from 1072 to Being one of the many great military strategists of Vietnam, Lý Thường Kiệt had placed spikes under the Như Nguyệt River before tricking the Song troops into the deadly trap, killing more than 1,000 Chinese soldiers and forcing the Chinese to retreat. According to legend, during this time Lý Thường Kiệt had also composed the famous poem Nam quốc sơn hà (Rivers and Mountains of the South Nation), which asserted the sovereignty of Vietnam over its land. This poem is considered the first Vietnamese Declaration of independence. This article is about declarations of independence in general
Socio-economic conditions
Administration
In 1010, Lý Thái Tổ changed the 10 đạo subdivisions into 24 lộ. The lộ was possibly subdivided into châu (in mountainous areas) or phủ (in the lowlands). The châu and phủ were further subdivided itno huyện and giáp, and under them hương and ấp.
Civil service system
At the central level, under the king were the Thái positions: Tam thái for the three literary mandarins (Thái sư, Thái bảo and Thái phó), and Thái úy for the martial mandarin. Under the Tháis were the Thiếu positions like Thiếu sư, Thiếu bảo, Thiếu phó, and Thiếu úy.
Law
During the Lý Dynasty, laws in Đại Việt were primarily based on royal proclamations, although a body of law composing of civil laws, criminal laws, litigation laws, and laws dealing with marriage existed. However, because the Lý rulers were devout Buddhists, the punishments during this era were not very severe.
Economy
Foreign relations
Religion
Main religion was Buddhism. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices
Period of decline
Expatriate to Korea
When the Lý Dynasty was toppled in 1226, some members of the clan escaped to Korea. [1]
Ly rulers
| Temple name (Miếu hiệu) |
Era name (Niên hiệu) |
Name | Birth-Death | Reign | Posthumous name (Thụy hiệu) |
Royal tomb (Lăng Tẩm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thái Tổ | Thuận Thiên (1010-1028) |
Lý Công Uẩn | 974-1028 | 1009-1028 | Thần Vũ Hoàng đế | Thọ Lăng |
| Thái Tông | Thiên Thành (1028-1034) Thông Thụy (1034-1039) Càn Phù Hữu Đạo (1039-1042) Minh Đạo (1042-1044) Thiên Cảm Thánh Vũ (1044-1049) Sùng Hưng Đại Bảo (1049-1054) |
Lý Phật Mã | 1000-1054 | 1028-1054 | Đại Hành Hoàng Đế | Thọ Lăng |
| Thánh Tông | Long Thụy Thái Bình (1054-1058) Chương Thánh Gia Khánh (1059-1065) Long Chương Thiên Tự (1066-1068) Thiên Thống Bảo Tượng (1068-1069) Thần Vũ (1069-1072) |
Lý Nhật Tôn | 1023-1072 | 1054-1072 | Ứng Thiên Sùng Nhân Chí Đạo Uy Khánh Long Tường Minh Văn Duệ Vũ Hiếu Đức Thánh Thần Hoàng Đế |
Thọ Lăng |
| Nhân Tông | Thái Ninh (1072-1076) Anh Vũ Chiêu Thắng (1076-1084) Quảng Hựu (1085-1092) Hội Phong (1092-1100) Long Phù (1101-1109) Hội Tường Đại Khánh (1110-1119) Thiên Phù Duệ Vũ (1120-1126) Thiên Phù Khánh Thọ (1127-1127) |
Lý Càn Đức | 1066-1127 | 1072-1127 | Hiếu Từ Thánh Thần Văn Vũ Hoàng Đế |
Thiên Đức Lăng |
| Thần Tông | Thiên Thuận (1128-1132) Thiên Chương Bảo Tự (1133-1138) |
Lý Dương Hoán | 1116-1138 | 1128-1138 | Quảng Nhân Sùng Hiếu Văn Vũ Hoàng Đế |
Thọ Lăng |
| Anh Tông | Thiệu Minh (1138-1140) Đại Định (1140-1162) Chí Long Bảo Ứng (1163-1174) Thiên Cảm Chí Bảo (1174-1175) |
Lý Thiên Tộ | 1136-1175 | 1138-1175 | ? | Thọ Lăng |
| Cao Tông | Trinh Phù (1176-1186) Thiên Tư Gia Thụy (1186-1202) Thiên Gia Bảo Hựu (1202-1204) Trị Bình Long Ứng (1204-1210) |
Lý Long Trát (Lý Long Cán) | 1173-1210 | 1175-1210 | ? | Thọ Lăng |
| Huệ Tông | Kiến Gia (1211-1224) |
Lý (Hạo) Sảm | 1194-1226 | 1211-1224 | ? | ? |
| Chiêu Hoàng | Thiên Chương Hữu Đạo (1224-1225) |
Lý Phật Kim (Lý Thiên Hinh) | 1218-1278 | 1224-1225 | ? | ? |
Lineage
| 1 Lý Thái Tổ 1009 - 1028 |
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| 2 Lý Thái Tông 1028 - 1054 |
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| 3 Lý Thánh Tông 1054 - 1072 |
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| 4 Lý Nhân Tông 1072 - 1127 |
Sùng Hiền Hầu | ||||||||||||
| 5 Lý Thần Tông 1128 - 1138 |
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| 6 Lý Anh Tông 1138 - 1175 |
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| 7 Lý Cao Tông 1175 - 1210 |
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| 8 Lý Huệ Tông 1210 - 1224 |
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| 9 Lý Chiêu Hoàng 1224 - 1225 |
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Note: Years in the table above are the years of their reign. Temple names are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Korean ( Goryeo and Joseon periods and Vietnamese (such dynasties as A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty nobles and sometimes others in some cultures after the person's death Lý Thái Tổ ( Hán tự: 李[[wikt 太|太]] 祖, birth name Lý Công Uẩn 李[[wikt 公|公]] ruled Vietnam as emperor for 19 years Events By Place Africa The Carmathians are defeated in Egypt by Jawhar as-Siqilli; Fatimid rule is consolidated Lý Thái Tông ( chữ Hán: 李[[wikt 太|太]] 宗; 1000 - 1054 was the posthumous title of Lý Phật Mã ( 李[[wikt 佛|佛]] 瑪 Lý Thánh Tông ( IPA: /li˦˥ tʰɐn˦˥ toŋm/ Hán tự: 李[[wikt 聖|聖]] 宗; born Lý Nhật Tôn 李[[wikt 日|日]] Lý Nhân Tông, or Lý Nhon Ton ( Hán tự: 李[[wikt 仁|仁]] 宗; 1066-1127 was the emperor of Vietnam from 1072 to Lý Cao Tông ( Hán tự: 李[[wikt 高|高]] 宗; 1176 – 1210 born Lý Long Trát or Lý Long Cán) was the seventh king under the
| Preceded by Prior Lê Dynasty |
Dynasty of Vietnam 1009–1225 |
Succeeded by Trần Dynasty |
References
The Anterior Lê Dynasty or Prior Lê Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Tiền Lê; IPA: /ɲa˨˩ tiən˨˩ le/ was a dynasty that ruled Vietnam Below is a list of Vietnamese monarchs. Some declared themselves kings ( vua / vương) or emperors ( hoàng đế) The Trần Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Trần, Hán Việt: Trần Triều, 陳朝 was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled Vietnam (at that
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