The Kyoto Shoshidai (京都所司代, Kyōto Shoshidai^?) was an important administrative and political office in the early modern government of Japan. ^[1] However, the significance and effectiveness of the office is credited to the third Tokugawa shogun, Iemitsu, who developed these initial creations as bureaucratic elements in a consistent and coherent whole. ^[2]

Contents 1 Shogunal deputies during the Kamakura shogunate 2 Shogunal deputies during the Tokugawa shogunate 2.1 Kyoto shoshidai of the Edo period 3 Notes 4 References

Shogunal deputies during the Kamakura shogunate

Although the office existed from the time of Oda Nobunaga, it was really a replica of the Rokuhara tandai of the 13th and 14th centuries. ( June 23, 1534 &ndash June 21, 1582) was a major Daimyo during the Sengoku period of Japanese history Tandai was the name given to governors or chief magistrates of important cities under the Kamakura shogunate. The Kamakura shogunate ( Japanese: 鎌倉幕府 Kamakura bakufu) was a feudal military dictatorship in Japan headed by the Shoguns from The office became very important under the Hōjō regents and was always held by a trusted member of the family. ^[3]

Shogunal deputies during the Tokugawa shogunate

The office was expanded and its duties codified as an office in the Tokugawa shogunate. The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of The shoshidai, usually chosen from among the fudai daimyo, was the shogun's deputy in the Kyoto region, and was responsible for maintaining good relations and open communication between the shogunate and the imperial court. The ( were powerful territorial lords who ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings ^[4] No less important, this official was also tasked with controlling the access of the daimyo to the Court. He was appointed to oversee financial measures and the court, and to ensure the emperor's personal security and for guarding the safety of the court. ^[5] For example, the shoshidai supported the Kyoto magistrate or municipal administrator (the machi-bugyō) in making positive policy about firefighting for the royal palaces. were officials of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan Appointments to this prominent office were usually Fudai Daimyō, but this was ^[6] In this context, working with the shoshidai would have been the administrator of the reigning sovereign's court (the kinri-zuki bugyō) and the administrator of the ex-emperor's court (the sendō-zuki bugyō), both of whom would have been shogunate appointees. ^[7] He would have been at the head of a network of spies whose quiet task was to discover and report any covert sources of sedition, insurrection or other kinds of unrest. ^[8]

As Governor-general of Kyoto and the surrounding eight provinces,^[7] the shoshidai was responsible for collecting taxes in the home provinces and for other duties attached to this office as well. ^[9] The municipal administrators of Nara and Fushimi, in addition to Kyoto's municipal governance, the Kyoto deputy (the daikwan), and the officials of the Nijō Palace were all subordinate to the shoshidai. He was empowered to hear suits-at-law and he had oversight control of all temples and shrines. ^[5] The shoshidai had a force of constables (yoriki) and policemen (dōshin) under their command. ^[9]

In addition to administrative duties, the shoshidai's participation in ceremonial events served a function in consolidating the power and influence of the shogunate. For example, in September 1617, a Korean delegation was received by Hidetada at Fushimi Castle, and the shoshidai was summoned for two reasons (1) for the Koreans, to underscore the importance accoreded the embassy, and (2) for the kuge courtiers in attendance, to make sure that they were properly impressed. The kuge (公家 was a Japanese Aristocratic class that dominated the Japanese imperial court in Kyoto until the rise of the ^[10]

To qualify for this high office, it eventually developed that service as governor of Osaka was a prerequisite. The close, personal link with the shogun was maintained through visits to Edo every five or six years to report directly to the shogun. ^[5] The conventional route of promotion was from governor of Osaka (the judai) to the shoshidai of Kyoto and from that position to the highest governing council (rōjū). ^[9] The shusidai earned 10,000 koku annually, in addition to the income from his own daimyoate. ^[3]

In September 1862, a concurrent, nearly co-equal office was created, the "Kyoto shugoshoku", was created in an attempt to strengthen the kōbu-gattai (公武合体, marital unity of the Imperial and Tokugawa families^?) faction. The was a Japanese bureaucratic office of the Tokugawa shogunate from 1862 through 1867 The kōbu-gattai were feudal lords and Court nobles who sought a greater share of political power without actually destroying the shogunate, as contrasted with a more radical faction, the tōbaku (倒幕, overthrowing the shogunate^?), which attracted men like Okubo Toshimichi. (10 August 1830 &ndash 14 May 1878 was a Japanese Statesman, a Samurai of Satsuma, and one of the Three great nobles who The related office of the shugoshoku had essentially the same functions as that of the shoshidai, but it was considered the senior of the two; and only members of the Matsudaira family were appointed. ^[4]

The last Kyoto shoshidai, Matsudaira Sadaaki, came from a collateral Tokugawa branch. ( January 18, 1847 - July 12, 1908) was a Japanese Daimyo of the Bakumatsu period, who was the last ruler of the The was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in Ise Province (modern-day Kuwana Mie) As a practical matter, it could be said that this office ended with his resignation in 1867; but matters were not so unclouded in that time. After the Imperial edict sanctioning the restoration of Imperial government (November 1867), there was a time lag before the office of shoshidai was abolished (January 1868) and affairs of the city were temporarily entrusted to the clans of Sasayama (Aoyama), Zeze (Honda) and Kameyama (Matsudaira). was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in Tanba Province. The was a feudal domain in Japan during the Edo period. It was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu as a reward to Toda Kazuaki, whom he transferred from a 5000 ^[11]

Kyoto shoshidai of the Edo period

List of Kyoto shoshidai during the Tokugawa shogunate
Ordinal	Name	Duration	Notes
The Edo period shoshidai were seen to be pivotal in maintaining stability across a span of centuries. A name ( Etymology: from OE nama akin to OHG namo, Latin Nomen, and Greek όνομα ( A tone may be sustained for varying lengths of time. duration is a property of tone that becomes one of the bases rhythem or an amount of Time or a particular time
1	Okudaira Nobumasa	1600-1601
2	Itakura Katsushige	1601-1619
3	Makino Chikashige	1654-1668
4	Itakura Shigenori	1668-1670
5	Nagai Naotsune	1670-1678
6	Toda Tadamasa	1678-1681
7	Inaba Masamichi	1681-1685
8	Tsuchiya Masanao	1685-1687
9	Naitō Shigeyori	1687-1690
10	Matsudaira Nobuoki	1690-1691
11	Ogasawara Nagashige	1691-1697
14	Matsudaira Nobutsune	1697-1714
15	Mizuno Tadayuki	1714-1717
16	Matsudaira Tadachika	1717-1724
17	Makino Hideshige	1724-1734
18	Toki Yoritoshi	1734-1742
19	Makino Sadamichi	1742-1749
20	Matsudaira Sukekuni	1749-1752
21	Sakai Tadamochi	1752-1756
22	Matsudaira Terutaka	1756-1758
23	Inoue Masatsune	1758-1760
24	Abe Masasuke	1760-1764
25	Abe Masachika	1764-1768
26	Doi Toshisato	1769-1777
27	Kuze Hiroakira	1777-1781
28	Makino Sadanaga	1781-1784
29	Toda Tadatō	1784-1789
30	Ōta Sukeyoshi	1789-1782
31	Hotta Masanari	1792-1798
32	Makino Tadakiyo	1798-1801
33	Doi Toshiatsu	1801-1802
34	Aoyama Tadayasu	1802-1804
35	Inaba Masanobu	1804-1806
36	Abe Masayoshi	1806-1808
37	Sakai Tadayuki	1808-1815
38	Ōkubo Tadazane	1815-1818
39	Matsudaira Norihiro	1818-1823
40	Naitō Nobuatsu	1823-1825
41	Matsudaira Yasutō	1825-1826
42	Mizuno Tadakuni	1826-1828
43	Matsudaira Muneakira	1828-1832
44	Ōta Sukemoto	1832-1834
45	Matsudaira Nobuyori	1834-1837
46	Doi Toshitsura	1837-1838
47	Manabe Akikatsu	1838-1840
48	Makino Tadamasa	1840-1843
49	Sakai Tadaaki	1843-1850
50	Naitō Nobuchika	1850-1851
51	Wakisaka Yasuori	1851-1857
52	Honda Tadamoto	1857-1858
53	Sakai Tadaaki	1858-1862
54	Matsudaira Munehide	1862	Daimyo of Tango-Miyazu, later involved in international negotiations. ( 1555 - April 11, 1615) was a Japanese Daimyō of the Sengoku and early Edo periods ( 1545 - June 14, 1624) was a Japanese Daimyō of the Azuchi-Momoyama Period to early Edo period. ( 1607 - October 19, 1677) was a Japanese Daimyo of the early Edo period. ( 1617 - July 13, 1673) was a Japanese Daimyo of the early Edo period. ( 1631 - April 28, 1677) was a Japanese Daimyo of the early Edo period. ( 1632 - October 2, 1699) was a Japanese Daimyo of the early Edo period. 1623-1696 was a Daimyo in Japan during the Edo period. Masamichi's family is descended from Masanari a younger son of Konō Michitaka, daimyō 1641-1722 was a Daimyo in Japan during the Edo period. Masanao's daimyō family was descended from Minamoto Yasuuji (Seiwa-Genji (1650-1732 also known as Sado-no-kami and Etchū-no-kami was a Japanese Daimyo of the mid- Edo period. ( July 4, 1669 - April 23, 1731) was a Japanese daimyo of the Edo period. was a Japanese Fudai daimyo of the Edo period. He was highly influential in the Tokugawa shogunate under Shogun Ieshige. 　(1671-1741 also known as, was a Japanese Daimyo of the early Edo period. ( March 20, 1695 - October 17, 1744) was a Japanese daimyo of the Edo period. (1707-1749 was a Japanese Daimyo of the mid- Edo period. The Makino were identified as one of the Fudai or insider daimyō (1725-1775 was a Japanese Daimyo of the mid- Edo period. The Sakai were identified as one of the Fudai or insider daimyō clans ( 1722 - September 11, 1777) was a Japanese Daimyo of the Edo period, who ruled the Karatsu Domain and later the Koga Domain was a Japanese Daimyo of the mid- Edo period. The Makino were identified as one of the Fudai or insider daimyō clans which ( October 17, 1739 - March 14, 1801) was a Japanese Daimyo of the Edo period. (1763 - 1805 also known as Ōta Bichū-no-kami Sukeyoshi, or as, was a Japanese Daimyo of the Edo period; and as a high-level office holder of the was a Japanese Daimyo of the late Edo period. The Makino were identified as one of the Fudai or insider daimyō clans which were ( 1749 - October 5, 1806) was a Daimyo in early 19th-century Japan during the Edo period. was a Japanese Daimyo of the mid- Edo period, who ruled the Oshi Domain. ( April 4, 1770 - March 12, 1828) was a Japanese daimyo of the mid to late Edo period, who ruled the Obama Domain. ( 1778 - April 23, 1837) was a Japanese Daimyo of the late Edo period, who ruled the Odawara Domain. ( January 25, 1778 - December 16, 1839) was a Japanese Daimyo of the mid to late Edo period, who ruled the Nishio Domain was a Japanese Daimyo of the Edo period, who ruled the Murakami Domain. ( 1779 - September 7, 1841) was a Japanese Daimyo of the mid to late Edo period, who ruled the Hamada Domain. ( July 19, 1794 - March 12, 1851) was a Japanese Daimyo of the late Edo period who ruled the Karatsu and then Hamamatsu Domains ( August 10, 1782 - September 20, 1840) was a Japanese Daimyo of the Edo period, who ruled the Miyazu Domain. ( 1799 - June 20, 1867) was a Japanese Daimyo of the Edo period; and as a high-level office holder of the Tokugawa shogunate ( July 14, 1793 - April 19, 1844) was a Japanese Daimyo of the Edo period, who ruled the Yoshida Domain. ( June 15, 1789 - July 31, 1848) was a Japanese Daimyo of the Edo period, who ruled the Koga Domain. ( March 30, 1804 - November 28, 1884) was a Japanese Daimyo of the Edo period, who ruled the Sabae Domain. ( December 2, 1799 - November 30, 1858) was a Japanese Daimyo of the Edo period. ( August 4, 1813 - December 5, 1873) also known as Sakai Tadayoshi, was a Japanese Daimyo of the Edo period ( January 24, 1813 - May 14, 1874) also known as Nobukoto (Shinshi was a Japanese Daimyo of the late Edo period, who ruled ( March 30, 1809 - January 10, 1874) was a Japanese Daimyo of the late Edo period, who ruled the Tatsuno Domain ( April 12, 1817 - January 29, 1883) was a Japanese Daimyo of the late Edo period, who ruled the Okazaki Domain ( August 4, 1813 - December 5, 1873) also known as Sakai Tadayoshi, was a Japanese Daimyo of the Edo period also known as, ( October 21, 1809 - December 20, 1873) was a Japanese Daimyo of the late Edo period who The was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in Tango Province (modern day Miyazu Kyoto)
55	Makino Tadayuki	1862-1863	Daimyo of Nagaoka. was a Japanese Daimyo of the late Edo period. The Makino were identified as one of the Fudai or insider daimyō clans which were
56	Inaba Masakuni	1863-1864
57	Matsudaira Sadaaki	1864-1867	Last shoshidai; brother of Matsudaira Katamori. ( July 26, 1834 - July 15, 1898) was a Japanese Daimyo of the late- Edo period. ( January 18, 1847 - July 12, 1908) was a Japanese Daimyo of the Bakumatsu period, who was the last ruler of the Matsudaira Katamori (松平容保 February 15, 1836 − December 5, 1893) was a Samurai that lived in the last days of the

Notes

References

• Bolitho, Harold. Harold Bolitho is an Australian academic who has been a tenured Professor of Japanese History at Harvard University since 1985 (1974). Treasures among men; the fudai daimyo in Tokugawa Japan. New Haven: Yale University Press. Yale University Press is a book Publisher founded in 1908. It became an official department of Yale University in 1961, but remained ISBN 0-3000-1655-7
• Beasley, W. G. (1955). Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868. London: Oxford University Press. [reprinted by RoutledgeCurzon, London, 2001. Routledge is a publisher of non-fiction academic books and journals 10-ISBN 0-197-13508-0; 13-ISBN 978-0-197-13508-2 (cloth)]
• Brinkley, Frank and Baron Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopedia Britannica. The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc
• Murdoch, James. (1996). A History of Japan. London: Routledge. Routledge is a publisher of non-fiction academic books and journals 10-ISBN 0-415-15417-0
• Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A. B. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869. Kyoto: The Ponsonby Memorial Society.
• Toby, Ronald P. (1991). State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan: Asia in the Development of the Tokugawa Bakufu. Stanford: Stanford University Press. The Stanford University Press is the Publishing house of Stanford University. 10-ISBN 0-804-71952-7

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