| Kuniaki Koiso | |
 Prime Minister of Japan |
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| In office 22 July 1944 – 7 April 1945 |
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| Monarch | Emperor Showa |
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| Preceded by | Hideki Tojo |
| Succeeded by | Kantaro Suzuki |
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| Born | 22 March 1880 Utsunomiya, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan |
| Died | November 3, 1950 (aged 70) Tokyo, Japan |
| Political party | none |
| Occupation |  General in the Imperial Japanese ArmyGovernor-General of Korea |
- In this Japanese name, the family name is Koiso. The is the usual English-language term used for the Head of government of Japan, although the literal translation of the Japanese name for the office is Prime Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar also known as, (April 29 1901 – January 7 1989 was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order reigning from December 25 1926 until his death was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy and 42nd Prime Minister of Japan from 7 April 1945 to 17 August 1945 Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year is the Capital and the most populous city of Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture located in the Kantō region on the island of Honshū, Japan For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. The Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA) ( Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國陸軍 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国陸軍 Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku The post of Governors-General of Korea ( Korean: 조선총독부 Hanja: 朝鮮總督府 Japanese: 朝鮮総督府 served as the in modern times usually consist of a Family name ( Surname) followed by a Given name. A family name or last name is a type of Surname and part of a person's name indicating the family to which the person belongs
Kuniaki Koiso (小磯 國昭 Koiso Kuniaki?, 22 March 1880–3 November 1950) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Governor-General of Korea and 41st Prime Minister of Japan from 22 July 1944 to 7 April 1945. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA) ( Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國陸軍 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国陸軍 Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku The post of Governors-General of Korea ( Korean: 조선총독부 Hanja: 朝鮮總督府 Japanese: 朝鮮総督府 served as the The is the usual English-language term used for the Head of government of Japan, although the literal translation of the Japanese name for the office is Prime Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar
Koiso was born in Utsunomiya, Tochigi Prefecture as the son of an ex-samurai family. is the Capital and the most populous city of Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture located in the Kantō region on the island of Honshū, Japan is the term for the military nobility of Pre-industrial Japan. His father was a policeman.
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Military career
A career soldier, Koiso graduated from the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1900 and went on to attend the Army War College. The was the principal officer's training school for the Imperial Japanese Army. This article deals with the Empire of Japan's Army War College Commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant in 30th Infantry Regiment in June 1901, he was promoted to 1st Lieutenant in November 1903. Second Lieutenant is the lowest commissioned officer Military rank in many Armed forces. First Lieutenant is a Military rank. The rank of Lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations (see Comparative military ranks During the Russo-Japanese War, he served as Battalion Adjutant in September 1904, Company Commander in March 1905 and was promoted to captain in June 1905, all in the same Regiment. The Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争 Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna;, 10 February 1904 – 5 September
In November 1910, Koiso graduated from the Army War College and returned to the Imperial Japanese Army Academy as an instructor in December 1910.
Reassigned to the Kwantung Army in September 1912, Koiso was promoted to Major and Battalion Commander of the 2d Infantry Regiment in August 1914. The, also known as the Guandong Army ( 관동군 was an Army group of the Imperial Japanese Army in the early twentieth century Major is a Military rank the use of which varies according to country He returned to the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Headquarters in June 1915, was promoted to lieutenant colonel in July 1918, and seconded to the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service in July 1921. also called the Army General Staff was one of the four principal agencies charged with overseeing the Imperial Japanese Army. Lieutenant Colonel ( Lieutenant-Colonel in English from the French grade 's spelling is a rank of Commissioned officer in the armies The (IJAAF was the land-based Aviation force of the Imperial Japanese Army. After his promoted to colonel in February 1922, he was sent as a military attaché to Europe in June 1922, returning to assume command of the IJA 51st Division in August 1923. Colonel ( RP ˈkɜnəl GA ˈkɜrnəl is a Military rank of a Commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country A military attaché is a Military Expert who is part of a Diplomatic mission; this post is normally filled by a high-ranking officer Returning to the Army General Staff in May 1925, he was promoted to major general in December 1926 and lieutenant general in August 1931. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the
During 1920s period Koiso joined the relatively moderate Toseiha (Control Faction) led by General Kazushige Ugaki, along with Gen Sugiyama, Yoshijiro Umezu, Tetsuzan Nagata, and Hideki Tojo as opposed to the more radical Kodaha (Action Faction) under Sadao Araki. was a Political faction in the Imperial Japanese Army, active in the 1920s and 1930s was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, and twice Governor-General of Korea. ( 1 January 1880 - 12 September 1945) was a field marshal who served as successively as chief of the Army General Staff, and ( 4 January 1882 - 8 January 1949) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, famous as the victim of the Aizawa Incident of 1935 The was a Political faction in the Imperial Japanese Army, active in the 1920s and 1930s largely supported by junior officers aiming to establish a military government and Baron was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army before World War II.
In February 1932, Koiso became Vice-Minister of War and in August 1932, concurrently Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army. The, more popularly known as the Ministry of War of Japan was the Cabinet -level ministry from 1872-1945 in charge with administration of the Imperial Japanese Army The chief of staff is the chief aide to the Commander of larger military Formations and Units It is sometimes the case that the chief of staff is more directly In March 1934, he was transfer to command the IJA 5th Division (Hiroshima). The was an Infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call-sign was the. The Japanese city of ( is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshū, the largest of Japan 's He then assumed command of the Chosen Army in Korea from December 1935. The was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army, forming a Garrison force in Korea under Japanese rule. Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. Promoted to full general in November 1937, he joined the Army General Staff in July 1938.
Political career
Koiso left active duty in July 1938. From April-August 1939, he served as Minister of the newly created cabinet post of the Ministry of Greater East Asia (Japan), and again from January-July 1940. The was a Cabinet -level ministry in the government of the Empire of Japan from 1942-1945 established to administer overseas territories obtained by Japan in the Pacific
Koiso was Governor-General of Korea from May 1942 to 1944, during which time he gained the nickname "The Tiger of Korea" for his looks rather than his military prowess. The post of Governors-General of Korea ( Korean: 조선총독부 Hanja: 朝鮮總督府 Japanese: 朝鮮総督府 served as the [1] His period of rule in Korea was marked by the highly unpopular imposition of universal military conscription of Koreans into the Japanese military. Conscription (also known as the draft, the call-up or national service) is a general term for involuntary labor demanded by some established authority [2]
In July 1944, Koiso was chosen to serve as Prime Minister of Japan after the downfall of the Tojo cabinet. The is the usual English-language term used for the Head of government of Japan, although the literal translation of the Japanese name for the office is Prime Koiso faced strong competition from more senior army officials for the post. The Army strongly favored General Terauchi Hisaichi; however, they could not afford to recall him to Japan from his role as commander-in-chief of all Japanese forces in Southeast Asia. Count was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army and Commander of the Southern Expeditionary Army Group during World War II. The civilian government, especially Kido Koichi and Konoe Fumimaro also did not favor Koiso, due to Koiso's previous involvement with the ultranationalist Sakura Kai and its attempted coup d'état against the government in 1931 (The March Incident). Marquis ( July 18 1889 – April 6 1977) served as Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal from 1940 to 1945 and was the closest Fumimaro Konoe 3rd Prince Konoe ( Kyūjitai: 近衞 文麿 Shinjitai: 近衛 文麿 Konoe Fumimaro) ( sometimes Konoye, October 12 was an Ultranationalist secret society established by young officers within the Imperial Japanese Army in September 1930 with the goal of reorganizing the state was an abortive Coup d'état attempt in Japan, in March 1931 launched by the radical Sakurakai secret society within the Imperial Japanese These reservations were shared by the Emperor in his Privy Council meetings. also known as, (April 29 1901 – January 7 1989 was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order reigning from December 25 1926 until his death was an advisory council to the Emperor of Japan that operated from 1888 to 1947 Nevertheless, Koiso was selected, as no consensus could be reached on a more suitable alternative.
Koiso was almost a token Prime Minister as he was not allowed to participate in any military decisions. He was not popular with government ministers who favored making peace, nor with those who wished to prosecute the war until the bitter end.
During Koiso's term in office, Japanese forces faced multiple defeats on all fronts at the hands of the United States Army and United States Navy. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Also during his tenure, on 10 November 1944 Wang Jingwei died of pneumonia in a Japanese hospital in Nagoya, which effectively was the end of the Nanjing regime in northern China. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Wang Jingwei ( Traditional Chinese: 汪精衛 Simplified Chinese: 汪精卫 Pinyin: Wāng Jīngwèi Wade-Giles: Wang Ching-wei ( Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan. The Wang Jingwei Government was a Government under the leadership of Wang Jingwei in the Republic of China, set up by the Empire of Japan For a time, Koiso considered making peace, but he could not find a solution that would appease both the Japanese military and the Allies. The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis powers during the Second World War. Left with little choice but to continue the war effort, Koiso tried to extend his power over the army by attempting to assume the position of War Minister concurrently with Prime Minister, but was unable to legally do so as he was on the reserve list. Koiso resigned in April 1945 when American forces invaded Okinawa and his demands to be included in military decisions were rejected. is one of Japan 's southern prefectures, and consists of hundreds of the Ryukyu Islands in a chain over 1000 km long which extends southwest from Kyūshū [3]
Later career
Koiso was an ardent supporter of State Shintoism along with Heisuke Yanagawa, who directed the Government Imperial Aid Association. has been called the State religion of the Empire of Japan. The term was not used until after World War II and in a broad sense is used to classify those Shinto was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. Biography Born in what is now part of Nagasaki city, Nagasaki prefecture, He restored the ancient sacred rites in the Sukumo river, near Hakone, the "Preliminary Misogi Rite". is a town in Japan, in Kanagawa Prefecture, in Ashigarashimo District, located on the eastern foot of Hakone Pass. has been called the State religion of the Empire of Japan. The term was not used until after World War II and in a broad sense is used to classify those Shinto
After the end of World War II, Koiso was arrested by the Allied occupation powers and tried by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East for war crimes. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers ( SCAP) was the title held by General Douglas MacArthur during the Occupation of Japan following World War II War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied Upon conviction as a Class-A war criminal on counts 1, 27, 29, 31, 32 and 55, he was given a sentence of life imprisonment. Life imprisonment or life incarceration is a sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime often for most [4]The Tribunal specifically cited Koiso's decisive role in starting the wars against China and the Allies. "Furthermore, despite the fact that Kuniaki Koiso was not directly responsible for the war crimes committed by the Japanese Army, he took no measures to prevent them or to punish the perpetrators when, as Prime Minister, it was within in his power to do so. " [5] Koiso died in Sugamo Prison in 1950. Sugamo Prison ( Sugamo Kōchi-sho, Kyūjitai:巢鴨拘置所 Shinjitai:巣鴨拘置所 was located in the district of Ikebukuro, which is now
References
Books
- Frank, Richard B (2001). Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire. Penguin. ISBN: 0141001461.
- Maga, Timothy P. (2001). Judgment at Tokyo: The Japanese War Crimes Trials. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2177-9.
- Pratt, Keith (2007). Everlasting Flower: A History of Korea. Reaktion Books. ISBN: 1861893353.
- Tolland, John (2003). The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936-1945. Modern Library. ISBN: 0-8129-6858-1.
External links
- National Diet Library photos and biography
- Chen, Peter. Kuniaki Koiso. WW2 Database.
- Bedat, J. Kuniaki Koiso. Trial Watch.
- Clancy, Patrick. HyperWar:IMTFE Judgement. HyperWar Foundation.
Notes
| Preceded by Jiro Minami |
Governor-General of Korea 1942-1944 |
Succeeded by Nobuyuki Abe |
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