Kuala Lumpur كوالا لومڤور
Flag Seal
Nickname: "KL"
Motto: Maju dan makmur (English: Progress and Prosper)
Kuala Lumpur Location in Malaysia
Coordinates: 3°8′00″N 101°42′00″E / 3.133333, 101.7
Country	Malaysia
State	Federal Territory
Establishment	1857
Granted city status	1972
Granted Federal Territory	1974
Government
- Mayor (Datuk Bandar)	Datuk Abdul Hakim Borhan From 14 December 2006
- MPs	Tan Seng Giaw (PR) Chua Tian Chang (PR) Wee Choo Keong (PR) Lim Lip Eng (PR) Zulhasnan Rafique (BN) Lo' Lo' Mohd Ghazali (PR) Fong Kui Lun (PR) Nurul Izzah Anwar (PR) Teresa Kok (PR) Tan Kok Wai (PR) Khalid Ibrahim (PR)
Area
- City	243. The Flag of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia is a variant of the ''Jalur Gemilang'' the Malaysian national flag. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Malaysia is a Federation which consists of thirteen '''states''' ( Negeri) and three '''federal territories''' ( Wilayah Persekutuan The Federal Territory ( Wilayah Persekutuan) is a collective of three territories namely Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan, governed directly A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Dr Tan Seng Giaw (Chinese: 陈胜尧 is a Malaysian politician from the DAP party Pakatan Rakyat or PR ( People's Pact) was established on April 1, 2008. Pakatan Rakyat or PR ( People's Pact) was established on April 1, 2008. Pakatan Rakyat or PR ( People's Pact) was established on April 1, 2008. Pakatan Rakyat or PR ( People's Pact) was established on April 1, 2008. Datuk Seri Zulhasnan Rafique is a Malaysian politician and the current Malaysian Minister of the Federal Territories. Barisan Nasional ( National Front or BN) is a major political Coalition in Malaysia. Dr Lo' Lo' Binti Mohd Ghazali, is a Malaysian politician and is currently the Member of Parliament for the Titiwangsa constituency in Kuala Lumpur, Pakatan Rakyat or PR ( People's Pact) was established on April 1, 2008. Fong Kui Lun ( 方贵伦) (born 28 September 1946) is a Malaysian politician and a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP Pakatan Rakyat or PR ( People's Pact) was established on April 1, 2008. Nurul Izzah binti Anwar (born November 19, 1980) is a Malaysian Politician from Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR and is the current Member Pakatan Rakyat or PR ( People's Pact) was established on April 1, 2008. Teresa Kok Suh Sim ( born March 31, 1964) is a Malaysian Member of Parliament from the Democratic Action Party (DAP Pakatan Rakyat or PR ( People's Pact) was established on April 1, 2008. Pakatan Rakyat or PR ( People's Pact) was established on April 1, 2008. Tan Sri Abdul Khalid Ibrahim is the 14th and current chief minister ( Menteri Besar) of the state of Selangor, in Malaysia. Pakatan Rakyat or PR ( People's Pact) was established on April 1, 2008. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 65 km² (95. To help compare different Orders of magnitude and geographical regions we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km² 18 sq mi)
Elevation	21. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. 95 m (72 ft)
Population (2007)[1]
- City	1,887,674 (1st)
- Density	7,388/km² (18,912/sq mi)
- Metro	7. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central 2 million
- Demonym	KL-ite / Kuala Lumpurian
Time zone	MST (UTC+8)
- Summer (DST)	Not observed (UTC+8)
Postal code	50xxx to 60xxx 68xxx
Mean solar time	UTC + 06:46:48
National calling code	03
License plate prefix	Wxx (for all vehicles except taxis) HWx (for taxis only)
ISO 3166-2	MY-14
Website: Official Kuala Lumpur Website

Kuala Lumpur (pronounced /ˈkwɑːləlʊmˈpʊər/,^[2] Malay /kwɑlɑlʊmpʊ/ and locally /kwɑləlʊmpɔ/ or even /kɔlɔmpɔ/), ^[3] is the capital and the largest city of Malaysia. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Malaysian Standard Time (MST Malay: Waktu Piawai Malaysia is a Standard time used in Malaysia. UTC+8 is a band of Timezones separated from the Greenwich Mean Time by 8 hours Daylight saving time ( DST UTC+8 is a band of Timezones separated from the Greenwich Mean Time by 8 hours The postal codes used in Malaysia is a 5 digit code Listed below are the first 2 digits of codes assigned to each state and special administrative area Solar times are measures of the apparent position of the Sun on the Celestial sphere. Telephone numbering in Malaysia is regulated by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC Malaysian vehicle license plates ( Malay: Nombor plet kenderaan Malaysia or Nombor pendaftaran kenderaan Malaysia) are License ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The city proper, making up an area of 244 km², has an estimated population of 1. 6 million in 2006. ^[4] Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7. Klang Valley (Lembah Klang is an area in Malaysia comprising Kuala Lumpur and its suburbs and adjoining cities and towns in the state of Selangor 2 million. ^[5] It is the fastest growing metropolitan region in the country, in terms of population as well as economy. ^[6]

Kuala Lumpur is the seat of the Parliament of Malaysia, making it the country's legislative capital. The Parliament of Malaysia (Parlimen Malaysia is the national Legislature of Malaysia, based on the Westminster system. ^[7] The city was once home to the executive and judicial branches of the federal government, but they have since moved to Putrajaya starting in 1999. Putrajaya, a Planned city located just south of Kuala Lumpur, is the new federal administrative centre of Malaysia. ^[8] Some sections of the judiciary remain in the capital. The official residence of the Malaysian King, the Istana Negara, is also situated in Kuala Lumpur. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the highest ranking office created by the constitution of the federation of Malaysia Istana Negara or National Palace is the official residence of His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia. The city is also the cultural and economic center of Malaysia due to its position as the capital as well as being a primate city. A primate city is the leading city in its country or region disproportionately larger than any others in the Urban hierarchy. ^[9] Kuala Lumpur is rated as a gamma world city, and is the only global city in Malaysia. ^[10]

Kuala Lumpur is defined within the borders of the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and is one of three Malaysian Federal Territories. The Federal Territory ( Wilayah Persekutuan) is a collective of three territories namely Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan, governed directly It is an enclave within the state of Selangor, on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Selangor ( Jawi script: سلاڠور population 72 million is one of the 13 states of Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia ( Semenanjung Malaysia) also known as Malaya or West Malaysia, is the part of Malaysia which lies on ^[11] Residents of the city are known as KLites. ^[12]

Beginning in the 1990s, the city has played host to many international sporting, political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the Formula One World Championship. The 1998 XVI Commonwealth Games were held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 11 September to 21 September 1998 making it the first Asian ^[13] In addition, Kuala Lumpur is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world, the Petronas Twin Towers. The Petronas Twin Towers (also known as the Petronas Towers or Twin Towers) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the world's tallest buildings ^[14]

Contents 1 History 2 Geography 2.1 Weather 3 Demographics 3.1 Population statistics 4 Government 4.1 Local government 4.2 Politics 5 Economy 5.1 Tourism 5.2 Retail 6 Cityscape 6.1 Architecture 6.2 Parks 7 Culture 7.1 Arts 7.2 Sports and recreation 7.3 Media 8 Transportation 9 Education 10 Sister cities 11 References 12 See also 13 External links

History

Main article: History of Kuala Lumpur

Kuala Lumpur has its origins in the 1850s, when the Malay Chief of Klang, Raja Abdullah, hired some Chinese labourers to open new and larger tin mines. Kuala Lumpur is the largest city in Malaysia; it is also the nation's capital Yap Ah Loy ( Chinese: 葉亞來 Pinyin: Yè Yă Lái also known as Yap Tet Loy and Yap Mao Lan, started the development of Kuala Klang (ˈklæŋ ( Malay: Kelang ( is the royal capital of the state of Selangor, Malaysia within a district Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50 ^[15] They landed at the confluence of Sungai Gombak and Sungai Klang (Klang River) to open mines at Ampang. The Gombak River ( Sungai Gombak) is a river which flows through Selangor and Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. Klang River is a river which flows through Kuala Lumpur and Selangor in Malaysia and eventually flows into the Straits of Malacca. ^[15] Sungai Gombak was previously known as Sungai Lumpur, which means muddy river. The city thus derived the name Kuala Lumpur which literally means “muddy confluence” in Bahasa Malaysia. Later, tin mines were opened at Pudu and Batu. Among the early notable pioneers are Hiu Siew and Liu Ngim Kong.

These mines became a trading post and was considered a frontier town with many problems including the Selangor Civil War; it was also plagued by diseases and constant fires and floods. A frontier is a Political and Geographical term referring to areas near or beyond a boundary, or of a different nature The Klang War or Selangor Civil War took place in the Malay state of Selangor and was fought between Raja Abdullah bin Raja Jaafar, the administrator ^[15] Around the 1870s, the Chinese Kapitan of Kuala Lumpur, Yap Ah Loy, emerged as leader, and became responsible for the survival and subsequent systematic growth of this town. Kapitan refers to an assortment of different political and military positions held historically in several different areas Yap Ah Loy ( Chinese: 葉亞來 Pinyin: Yè Yă Lái also known as Yap Tet Loy and Yap Mao Lan, started the development of Kuala ^[16] In 1880, the state capital of Selangor was moved from Klang to the more strategically advantageous Kuala Lumpur. ^[17]

In 1881, a flood swept through the town following a fire which engulfed it earlier. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common These successive problems destroyed the town's structures of wood and atap (thatching). As a response, Frank Swettenham, the British Resident of Selangor, required that buildings be constructed of brick and tile. Sir Frank Athelstane Swettenham GCMG CH ( 28 March 1850 &ndash 11 June 1946) was the first Resident General ^[17] Many of the new brick buildings mirrored that of shop houses in southern China, with "five foot ways" as well as skilled Chinese carpentry. Five foot ways are pedestrian walkways indented into the ground floor of a building from the road so that the overhanging upper floors can provide a cover to shield pedestrians from This resulted in a distinct eclectic shop house architecture typical to this region. A shophouse is a vernacular architectural Building type that is both native and unique to urban Southeast Asia. A railway line increased accessibility into this town. Development intensified in the 1890s, leading to the creation of a Sanitary Board. In 1896, Kuala Lumpur was chosen as the capital of the newly formed Federated Malay States. Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year This article is not to be confused with the Unfederated Malay States. ^[18]

A mixture of different communities settled in various sections of Kuala Lumpur. The Chinese mainly settled around the commercial centre of Market Square, east of Klang River, and towards Chinatown. The Malays, Indian Chettiars, and Indian Muslims resided along Java Street (now Jalan Tun Perak). The Padang, now known as Merdeka Square, was the center of the British administrative offices. The Dataran Merdeka (or Merdeka Square) is located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ^[15]

During World War II, Kuala Lumpur was captured by the Japanese army on January 11, 1942. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA) ( Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國陸軍 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国陸軍 Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. They remained in occupation until August 15, 1945, when the commander in chief of the Japanese Seventh Area Army in Singapore and Malaya, Seishirō Itagaki, surrendered to the British administration following the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The was a Field army of the Imperial Japanese Army during final stages of the Pacific War. was general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II and a War Minister. The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were nuclear attacks near the end of World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States at ^[19] Kuala Lumpur grew through the war, the rubber and tin commodity crashes and the Malayan Emergency, during which Malaya was preoccupied with the communist insurgency. Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50 The Malayan Emergency was a State of emergency declared by the British colonial government of Malaya in 1948 and lifted in 1960 as well as an insurrection and Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based ^[17] In 1957, the Federation of Malaya gained its independence from British rule. ^[20] Kuala Lumpur remained the capital through the formation of Malaysia on September 16, 1963. Malaysia Day is held on September 16 every year to commemorate the establishment of Malaysian federation on the same date in 1963 Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

On May 13, 1969, one of the worst racial riots in Malaysia took place in Kuala Lumpur. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[21] The May 13 Incident was a riot between the Malays and the Chinese who were dissatisfied with the socio-political situation at the time. The May 13 Incident is a term for the Sino - Malay Race riots in Kuala Lumpur (then part of the state of Selangor In Malaysia, the Malay population is defined by Article 160 of the Malaysian Constitution as someone born to a Malaysian citizen who professes to be a Muslim, habitually Malaysian Chinese is a Malaysian of Chinese origin Most are descendants of Chinese who arrived between the fifteenth and the mid-twentieth centuries The riot resulted in the deaths of 196 people,^[21] and led to a major reform in the country's economic policy.

Kuala Lumpur later achieved city status in 1972,^[22] becoming the first settlement in Malaysia to be granted the status after independence. The following are the list of cities of Malaysia, in order by the date they were granted the City status Later, on February 1, 1974, Kuala Lumpur became a Federal Territory. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. The Federal Territory ( Wilayah Persekutuan) is a collective of three territories namely Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan, governed directly ^[23] Kuala Lumpur ceased to be the capital of Selangor in 1978 after the city of Shah Alam was declared as the new state capital. Selangor ( Jawi script: سلاڠور population 72 million is one of the 13 states of Malaysia. Shah Alam is a city in Petaling and Klang Districts in Selangor, Malaysia, about 25 kilometres (15 mi west of the country's capital Kuala Lumpur ^[24]

In 1998, another political movement known as Reformasi took place mainly in this city. The Reformasi movement in Malaysia was initiated by Anwar Ibrahim and his supporters shortly after he was sacked as Deputy Prime Minister in ^[25] The movement was a result of the sacking of former Malaysian Deputy Prime Minister, Anwar Ibrahim, and resulted in a chain of protests until 1999, where supporters of Anwar Ibrahim took to the streets to demand reforms in the government's administration, among others. Dato' Seri Anwar bin Ibrahim (born 10 August 1947) is a Malaysian politician who served as Malaysian Deputy Prime Minister from 1993 to 1998 ^[25]

On February 1, 2001, Putrajaya was declared a Federal Territory, as well as Malaysia's capital. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. ^[26] The administrative and judicial functions of the government were shifted from Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya. Kuala Lumpur however still retained its legislative function,^[27] and remained the home of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King). The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the highest ranking office created by the constitution of the federation of Malaysia ^[28]

In November 2007, two of the largest political rallies since 1998 took place in the city—the Bersih rally on November 10 and the HINDRAF rally on November 25. The 2007 Bersih Rally was a rally held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on November 10, 2007. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the The Bersih rally was organised by a number of non-governmental organisations and opposition political parties to demand electoral reform in the country with about 50,000 people taking to the streets. ^[29] The HINDRAF rally was organised by HINDRAF (Hindu Rights Action Front) and was attended by at least 30,000 mainly ethnic Indian protesters demanding equal social and economic rights from the Bumiputras. HINDRAF or Hindu Rights Action Force ( Malay: Barisan Bertindak Hak-Hak Hindu; Tamil: (இந்து உரிமைகள் போராட்டக் ^[30]

Geography

Main article: Geography of Kuala Lumpur

The geography of Kuala Lumpur is characterized by a huge valley known as Klang Valley. The geography of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia is characterized by a huge valley &mdash known as the Klang Valley &mdash bordered by the Titiwangsa Mountains Klang River is a river which flows through Kuala Lumpur and Selangor in Malaysia and eventually flows into the Straits of Malacca. The Gombak River ( Sungai Gombak) is a river which flows through Selangor and Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. Klang Valley (Lembah Klang is an area in Malaysia comprising Kuala Lumpur and its suburbs and adjoining cities and towns in the state of Selangor The valley is bordered by the Titiwangsa Mountains in the east, several minor ranges in the north and the south and the Strait of Malacca in the west. Titiwangsa Mountains is a mountain range that forms the backbone of the Malay Peninsula. The Strait of Malacca is a narrow 805 km (500 mile stretch of water between Peninsular Malaysia (West Malaysia) and the Indonesian island of Sumatra Kuala Lumpur is a Malay term which translates to "muddy confluence" as it is located at the confluence of the Klang and Gombak rivers. The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the Confluence, in Geography, describes the meeting of two or more Bodies of water. Klang River is a river which flows through Kuala Lumpur and Selangor in Malaysia and eventually flows into the Straits of Malacca. The Gombak River ( Sungai Gombak) is a river which flows through Selangor and Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. ^[31]

Located in the center of Selangor state, Kuala Lumpur was previously under the rule of Selangor State Government. Selangor ( Jawi script: سلاڠور population 72 million is one of the 13 states of Malaysia. In 1974, Kuala Lumpur was separated from Selangor to form the first Federal Territory governed directly by the Malaysian Federal Government. The Federal Territory ( Wilayah Persekutuan) is a collective of three territories namely Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan, governed directly Its location on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, which has wider flat land than the east coast, has contributed to its faster development relative to other cities in Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia ( Semenanjung Malaysia) also known as Malaya or West Malaysia, is the part of Malaysia which lies on

The municipality of the city covers an area of 243. 65 km² (94. 07 sq mi), with an average elevation of 21. 95 m (72 ft).

Weather

Protected by the Titiwangsa Mountains in the east and Indonesia's Sumatra Island in the west, Kuala Lumpur has a year-round equatorial climate which is warm and sunny, along with plentiful rainfall, especially during the southwest monsoon from September to April. Titiwangsa Mountains is a mountain range that forms the backbone of the Malay Peninsula. Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470000 km² and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months Temperatures tend to remain constant. Maximums hover between 31°C and 33°C (88-92°F) and have never exceeded 37°C (99°F), while minimums hover between 22°C and 23. 5°C (71-74°F) and have never fallen below 19°C (66°F). Kuala Lumpur typically receives 2,266 mm (93. 1") of rain annually; June and July are relatively dry, but even then rainfall typically exceeds 125 mm (5") per month.

Flooding is a frequent occurrence in Kuala Lumpur whenever there is a heavy downpour, especially in the city centre and downstream areas. A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land a deluge ^[32] Dust particles from forest fires from nearby Sumatra sometimes cast a haze over the region. Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470000 km² and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two Haze is traditionally an atmospheric phenomenon where dust smoke and other dry particles obscure the clarity of the sky It is a major source of pollution in the city together with open burning, emission from motor vehicles and construction work. ^[33]

Weather averages for Kuala Lumpur
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C	35	36	37	36	35	36	36	36	35	36	35	34
Average high °C	31. 9	32. 8	33. 1	33. 0	32. 8	32. 5	32. 1	32. 2	31. 9	31. 8	31. 4	31. 5	32. 3
Average low °C	22. 1	22. 3	22. 8	23. 4	23. 1	22. 1	22. 7	22. 7	22. 7	22. 9	22. 9	22. 5	22. 7
Record low °C	19	21	20	21	22	20	19	19	20	21	21	19
Precipitation mm	162	145	218	285	184	127	129	146	192	272	275	230	2,266
Record high °F	95	96. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 8	98. 6	96. 8	95. 0	96. 8	96. 8	96. 8	95. 0	96. 8	95. 0	93. 2
Average high °F	89. 4	91. 0	91. 6	91. 4	91. 6	90. 5	89. 8	90. 0	89. 4	89. 2	88. 5	88. 7	90. 0
Average low °F	71. 8	72. 1	73. 0	74. 1	73. 6	71. 8	72. 9	72. 9	72. 9	73. 2	73. 2	72. 5	72. 8
Record low °F	66. 2	69. 8	68	69. 8	71. 6	68	66. 2	66. 2	68	69. 8	69. 8	66. 2
Precipitation inches	6. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 4	5. 7	8. 6	11. 2	7. 2	5. 0	5. 1	5. 7	7. 6	10. 7	10. 8	9. 1	93. 1
Source: National Environment Agency, Singapore. [34] Jan 2007

Demographics

Kuala Lumpur also has a mix of different cultures. Unlike the whole of Malaysia, where Malays comprise the ethnic majority, the majority of Kuala Lumpur residents are Chinese. In Malaysia, the Malay population is defined by Article 160 of the Malaysian Constitution as someone born to a Malaysian citizen who professes to be a Muslim, habitually Malaysian Chinese is a Malaysian of Chinese origin Most are descendants of Chinese who arrived between the fifteenth and the mid-twentieth centuries ^[35] Other major cultures represented include Indians, Eurasians, as well as Kadazans, Ibans and other indigenous races from East Malaysia and Peninsula Malaysia. Malaysian Indians are a group of Malaysians largely descended from those who migrated from southern India during the British colonization The Kadazans are an Ethnic group indigenous to the state of Sabah in Malaysia. Iban could be The Iban people (or Sea Dayak) an ethnic group in Kalimantan ( Indonesian Borneo) and Sarawak East Malaysia consists of the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak, located on the island of Borneo to the east across the South Peninsular Malaysia ( Semenanjung Malaysia) also known as Malaya or West Malaysia, is the part of Malaysia which lies on ^[36]

Malays speak the national language of Bahasa Melayu and are also able to converse in English; some even Mandarin and Tamil. The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Standard Mandarin, also known as Standard Spoken Chinese, is the official modern Chinese spoken language used in mainland China and Taiwan Tamil (ta தமிழ்; t̪əmɨɻ is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. Malays form the bulk of the members of Parliament and dominate the political scene in Malaysia. The Parliament of Malaysia (Parlimen Malaysia is the national Legislature of Malaysia, based on the Westminster system. ^[36].

In the late 18th century, when Europe was experiencing the Industrial Revolution, large groups of Chinese from Fujian and Guangdong in China were brought in to Malaya to work in the booming tin mining industry. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following A person who resides in and holds citizenship of the People's Republic of China (including Hong This article is about the People's Republic of China province Guangdong ( EFEO: Kouangtong; Pinyin Guǎngdōng; Postal map spelling: Kwangtung) is a province on the British Malaya loosely described a set of states on the Malay Peninsula that were colonized by the British from the 18th and the 19th until the 20th century ^[37] The Chinese in Kuala Lumpur speak different dialects but the majority in Kuala Lumpur are of Cantonese descent,^[38] followed by the Hokkiens and the Hakkas. Cantonese people ( Jyutping: gwong2 dung1 jan4 broadly speaking are persons originating from the present-day Guangdong province in southern China Hoklo ( Endonym Hok-ló, Hō-ló, or Ho̍h-ló) commonly refers to those Taiwanese people who claim Han Chinese ( Hokkien The Hakkas ( Hakka language: Hak-kâ; Mandarin Chinese: Kèjiā) are a subgroup of the Han Chinese people who live predominantly ^[39] Similarly, due to the education system provided by the government, Chinese in Kuala Lumpur are able to converse in English, Bahasa Malaysia, Mandarin and are able to bridge the divide among the local dialects.

Indians formed 10% of the population in Kuala Lumpur in 2000. Historically, most of the Indians were brought in during the British colonisation of the Malaysia. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located ^[37] Most Indians practise Hinduism and speak Tamil or Hindi and English. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Most of their customs and traditions are intricately tied with their religion. Hence, during the Hindu festivals such as Deepavali, Indians will perform colourful rites and visit temples. Diwali, or Deepavali, (also called Tihar and Swanti in Nepal (Markiscarali is a major Indian and Nepalese festival and a significant ^[36]

Malay is the official language but English is widely spoken in the city especially in business and is a required subject in all schools. ^[40] Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hakka, Hokkien, Hainan) and some Indian and Pakistani languages (Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Punjabi, Pashtu) as well as the languages of migrant workers (Indonesian, Nepalese, Vietnamese, etc. ) are also spoken in the city. ^[41]

The city has many places of worship catering to the multi-religious population. Islam is practised primarily by the Malays and the Indian Muslim communities while other religions include Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism (mainly among Chinese), Hinduism (among Indians) and Christianity. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Mahayana ( Sanskrit: mahāyāna, Devanagari: महायान 'Great Vehicle' is one of the two main existing schools of Buddhism and a term for Confucianism ( is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of the fifth century B Taoism (pronounced /ˈdaʊɪzəm/ or /ˈtaʊɪzəm/ also spelled '''Daoism''') refers to a variety of related Philosophical and Religious traditions Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings ^[42]

Due to the rapid development in Malaysia and Kuala Lumpur which requires a large workforce, foreign workers from Indonesia, Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Bangladesh, Vietnam and China were brought into Malaysia. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially ^[41][43]

Population statistics

The estimated population of Kuala Lumpur in 2006 was 1. Brickfields is a small to medium-sized town and residential neighbourhood (as well as an administrative zone located just outside central Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Little India is an Ethnic enclave containing a large population of Indian people within a society where the majority of people are either not South Asians or where 58 million. ^[4] With a population density of 6,502 people per km², it is the most densely populated administrative district in Malaysia. ^[4] With an estimated metropolitan population of 6. 9 million in 2007, it can be considered a primate city. A primate city is the leading city in its country or region disproportionately larger than any others in the Urban hierarchy. ^[1] The continuing decline in the birth rate for Kuala Lumpur has resulted in the decline in the proportion of young people below 15 years old from 33% in 1980 to slightly less than 27% in 2000. ^[35] On the other hand, the working age group of 15-59 increased from 63% in 1980 to 67% in 2000. ^[35] The elderly age group, 60 years old and above has increased from 4% in 1980 and 1991 to 6% in 2000. ^[35]

Based on the census of the Department of Statistics, the percentage of Bumiputra population was around 38% in 2000 while the Chinese population comprised 43% and Indians 10%. ^[35] A notable phenomenon has been the increase in the presence of foreign residents in Kuala Lumpur, who now constitute about 9% of the city’s population. ^[35]

Crime in Kuala Lumpur has been a concern of residents in recent years. Among the crimes showing increasing rates were snatch theft, drug addiction, gambling and vice. ^[44]. These problems have been associated with the rising numbers of immigrants from Indonesia and Myanmar. Some of them are brought in with the promise of low to medium grade salary.

Government

Local government

The local administration is carried out by the Kuala Lumpur City Hall, an agency under the Federal Territories Ministry of Malaysia. Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur or Kuala Lumpur City Hall (DBKL is a local authority which administrates Kuala Lumpur city centre and other areas in the Federal Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur or Kuala Lumpur City Hall (DBKL is a local authority which administrates Kuala Lumpur city centre and other areas in the Federal The Ministry of the Federal Territories (Kementerian Wilayah Persekutuan is the arm of the Malaysian federal government in charge of overseeing the administration ^[45] They are responsible for public health and sanitation, waste removal and management, town planning, environmental protection and building control, social and economic development and general maintenance functions of urban infrastructure. Executive power lies with the mayor in the city hall, who is appointed for three years by the Federal Territories Minister. This system of appointing the mayor has been in place ever since the local government elections were suspended in 1970. ^[46]

Since Kuala Lumpur became a Federal Territory of Malaysia on February 1, 1974, the city has been led by eight mayors. The Federal Territory ( Wilayah Persekutuan) is a collective of three territories namely Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan, governed directly Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ^[47] The current mayor of Kuala Lumpur is Datuk Abdul Hakim Borhan, who is in his first term of office. ^[48] He was appointed in 2006.

Politics

Kuala Lumpur is home to the Parliament of Malaysia. The Malaysian Houses of Parliament is a building complex where the Malaysian The parliament is composed of a lower House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat) and an upper House of Senate (Dewan Negara). The city is represented in the lower House of Representatives by eleven Members of Parliament (MPs)^[49], who are elected to five-year terms. Elections in Malaysia (and previously Malaya exist at two levels national level and state level Traditionally, political leanings in Kuala Lumpur have been dominated by Barisan Nasional (BN), with seven representatives from BN and the other four from the Democratic Action Party (DAP) prior to the 2008 General Elections. Barisan Nasional ( National Front or BN) is a major political Coalition in Malaysia. The Democratic Action Party, or DAP (Parti Tindakan Demokratik is a Secular, multi-racial social democratic / democratic socialist The 12th Malaysian general election was held on March 8, 2008, in accordance with Malaysian laws for national elections, which states that a general election After the 2008 elections BN was left with just one representative, Federal Territories Minister Zulhasnan Rafique, in the Setiawangsa seat. The Ministry of the Federal Territories (Kementerian Wilayah Persekutuan is the arm of the Malaysian federal government in charge of overseeing the administration Datuk Seri Zulhasnan Rafique is a Malaysian politician and the current Malaysian Minister of the Federal Territories. Setiawangsa is a district in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Comprising Taman Setiawangsa the area contains a mosque and two schools DAP took control of five seats, Parti Keadilan Rakyat taking four seats, and PAS one seat, marking the first time in which the majority of the Federal Territory's constituencies was dominated by opposition parties. The People's Justice Party ( Malay: Parti Keadilan Rakyat, often known simply as Keadilan is a Centrist Political party in Malaysia The Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party or the Islamic Party of Malaysia ( Parti Islam Se-Malaysia) commonly known as PAS or Pas, is an Islamist The Opposition in Malaysia is a term used to describe political parties represented in the Parliament of Malaysia that is not in government either on its

Economy

Kuala Lumpur and its surrounding urban areas form the most industrialized and economically the fastest growing region in Malaysia. ^[6] Despite the relocation of federal government administration to Putrajaya, certain government’s important machineries such Bank Negara Malaysia (Central Bank of Malaysia), Companies Commission of Malaysia and Securities Commission as well as most embassies and diplomatic missions have remained in the city. Putrajaya, a Planned city located just south of Kuala Lumpur, is the new federal administrative centre of Malaysia. Bank Negara Malaysia or BNM is the Malaysian Central bank. Its headquarters is located in Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia and ^[50]

In short the city remains the economic and business center of the country. In fact the city is a center for finance, insurance, real estate, media and the arts in Malaysia. The infrastructure development in the surrounding areas such as the Kuala Lumpur International Airport at Sepang, the creation of the Multimedia Super Corridor and the expansion of Port Klang further reinforce the economic significance of the city. Kuala Lumpur International Airport commonly known as KLIA is one of Asia 's major aviation hubs along with Bangkok's Suvarnabhumi Airport, Hong Sepang is a town and district located in the southern part of the state of Selangor in Malaysia. Situated in Malaysia, the MSC Malaysia or formerly known as Multimedia Super Corridor is a Government initiative designed to leapfrog Malaysia into the Port Klang ( Pelabuhan Klang) is the one of the main Ports of Malaysia, located in the district of Klang in the state of Selangor.

Bursa Malaysia or the Malaysia Exchange is based in the city and forms one of its core economic activities. The Bursa Malaysia ( or Malaysia Exchange, MYX previously known as Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange ( KLSE, Bursa Saham Kuala Lumpur As of 20 November 2007, the market capitalisation stood at US$318. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 65 billion. ^[51]

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for Kuala Lumpur is estimated at RM25,968 million in 2000 with an average annual growth rate of 4. 2 percent. ^[35] The per capita GDP for Kuala Lumpur in year 2000 is RM30,727, an average annual growth rate of 6. 1 percent. ^[35] The total employment in Kuala Lumpur is estimated at around 838,400. ^[35] The service sector comprising finance, insurance, real estate, business services, wholesale and retail trade, restaurants and hotels, transport, storage and communication, utilities, personal services and government services form the largest component of employment representing about 83. 0 percent of the total. ^[35] The remaining 17 percent comes from manufacturing and construction.

The large service sector is evident in the number of local and foreign banks and insurance companies operating in the city. Kuala Lumpur is poised to become the global Islamic Financing hub^[52] with an increasing number of financial institutions providing Islamic Financing and the strong presence of Gulf's financial institutions such as the world's largest islamic bank, Al-Rajhi Bank^[53] and Kuwait Finance House. The Al-Rajhi Bank (مصرف الراجحي (known as the Al Rajhi Banking and Investment Corporation until a February 23 2006 name change is the world's largest Islamic Apart from that, the Dow Jones & Company is keen to work with Bursa Malaysia to set up Islamic Exchange Trade Funds (ETFs), which would help raise Malaysia's profile in the Gulf. Dow Jones & Company is an American publishing and financial information firm ^[54] The city has a large number of foreign corporations and is also host to many multi national companies’ regional offices or support centres, particularly for finance and accounting, and information technology functions. Most of the countries’ largest companies have their headquarters based here and as of December 2007 and excluding Petronas, there are 14 companies that are listed in Forbes 2000 based in Kuala Lumpur. Petronas, short for Petroliam Nasional Berhad, is a Malaysian owned oil and gas company that was founded on August 17 1974. The Forbes Global 2000 is an annual ranking of the top 2000 Public companies in the world by Forbes magazine ^[55]

Other important economic activities in the city are education and health services. Kuala Lumpur also has advantages stemming from the high concentration of educational institutions located within its boundaries, providing a wide range of courses. Such public institutions include the University of Malaya, the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, International Medical University and the Medical Faculty of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The University of Malaya ( Abbreviation: UM; Universiti Malaya is the oldest university in Malaysia. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Technology University of Malaysia is the oldest public engineering and technology University in Malaysia and is known by The International Medical University (IMU is a private medical school in Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia ( National University of Malaysia) is a Public university located in Bangi, Selangor which is about 35 km There are also a large number of private colleges, including the Universiti Tun Abdul Razak and Tunku Abdul Rahman College, in and around Kuala Lumpur providing a wide range of courses which attract students from all over Malaysia as well as from other countries. Universiti Tun Abdul Razak (UNITAR is Malaysia 's first MSC -Status private University It is an ISO 90012000-certified private university in Malaysia Tunku Abdul Rahman College, often known as TARC or KTAR is a public institution of higher learning and is operating with 50% subsidy from the Malaysian Government for all its recurrent There are numerous public and private medical specialist centres and hospitals in the city which offer general health services and a wide range of specialist surgery and treatment catering to locals and tourists.

There has been growing emphasis to expand the economic scope of the city into other service activities such as research and development which supports the rest of the economy of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur has been home for years to important research centers such as the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, the Forest Research Institute Malaysia and the Institute of Medical Research^[56] and more research centers are expected to be established in the coming years. The Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM is a statutory agency of the Government of Malaysia, under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Tourism

The tourism sector also plays an important part in the city’s economy, providing income, employment and expanding business opportunities. Petaling Street or Jalan Petaling in Malay is a Chinatown located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. As an extension of this, many large worldwide hotel chains have presence in the city. Kuala Lumpur has also developed into an international shopping destination with a wide variety of shopping centres and mega malls which carry well-known global and local brands. Conference tourism has also expanded in recent years and is becoming a very important component of the industry.

Major destinations include the House of Parliament, Kuala Lumpur Tower, Putra World Trade Centre, Dataran Merdeka, Tugu Negara, Istana Negara, Istana Budaya, mosque such as the Masjid Negara and the Federal Territory Mosque, Muzium Negara, and other tourist attractions including Aquaria KLCC, Makam Pahlawan, National Science Centre, Eye on Malaysia, Zoo Negara, Batu Caves, and events such as the Chinese cultural festivals at the Thean Hou Temple and the Thaipusam procession at the Sri Mahamariamman Temple. The Malaysian Houses of Parliament is a building complex where the Malaysian The Kuala Lumpur Tower (officially known as Menara Kuala Lumpur; referred later as KL Tower) is a tall tower located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Putra World Trade Centre (PWTC is a main convention and exhibition centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Dataran Merdeka (or Merdeka Square) is located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tugu Negara, literally the " National Monument " in Malay, is a sculpture that commemorates those who died in Malaysia 's struggle Istana Negara or National Palace is the official residence of His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia. The Istana Budaya or The Palace of Culture, founded in September 1999 is Malaysia 's main venue for all types of theatre including Musical theater The Masjid Negara is the national mosque of Malaysia, located in Kuala Lumpur. The Federal Territory Mosque or Masjid Wilayah Persekutuan is a major mosque in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The National Museum (in Malay Muzium Negara) is the Malaysian national museum which is located outside Perdana Lake Gardens in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia The Aquaria KLCC is an Underwater park located beneath Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre and adjacent to Kuala Lumpur City Centre. The Makam Pahlawan ( Malay: Heroes' Mausoleum) is the burial ground of several Malaysian leaders and politicians Pusat Sains Negara or National Science Centre is a science centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Eye on Malaysia is 60 metre tall portable Ferris wheel installation at Titiwangsa Lake Gardens, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Zoo Negara (literally National Zoo in Malay) is a major zoological park in Malaysia located on 120 acres of land in Ulu Klang, near Batu Caves is a Limestone hill which has a series of Caves and cave temples located in Gombak district 13 km north of Kuala Lumpur, The Thean Hou Temple (Chinese 天后宫 is a landmark six-tiered Chinese Temple. Thaipusam (தைப்பூசம் (or Thai Poosam Kavady) is a Hindu festival celebrated mostly by the Tamil community on the full moon in the For other temples with the same name see Sri Mariamman Temple ( Tamil: ஸ்ரீ மாரியம்மன் கோவில The Golden Triangle, the commercial hub of the city, contains the Petronas Twin Towers and has a distinctive nightlife. The Petronas Twin Towers (also known as the Petronas Towers or Twin Towers) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the world's tallest buildings Trendy nightclubs, bars and lounges, such as Hard Rock Cafe, Zouk, Thai Club, Beach Club (voted Best Bar in Asia), Luna Bar, Rum Jungle, Nuovo, Espanda and many others are located within and around Jalan P. Hard Rock Cafe was founded in 1971 by Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton, and their first Hard Rock Cafe opened near Hyde Park Corner in London, Zouk is a Nightclub in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. The club is named after the French Creole word for 'party' Ramlee, Jalan Sultan Ismail and Jalan Ampang.

Hotels, from five-star to budget types, have cropped up everywhere to accommodate the influx of tourists each year. While there are many hotels near Kuala Lumpur's entertainment and business districts, some have chosen to veer away from the hustle and bustle.

Retail

Kuala Lumpur alone has 66 shopping malls and it is the retail and fashion hub for Malaysia. Berjaya Times Square KL is a twin tower complex containing a shopping centre and two five star hotels located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ^[57] Shopping in Malaysia contributes RM7. 7 billion (USD 2. 26 billion) or 20. 8 percent of the RM31. 9 billion tourism receipts in 2006. ^[58] and Kuala Lumpur, as Malaysia's retail hub, plays a big role in attracting consumers. Suria KLCC is one of Malaysia's premier shopping destinations due to its location beneath the Petronas Twin Towers, the world's tallest twin towers and second and third-tallest singular towers. Suria KLCC is a 15 million sp feet (140000 m² shopping complex located at the base of the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur City Centre. Apart from Suria KLCC, Bukit Bintang, which resembles Tokyo's Ginza, New York's Fifth Avenue and Singapore's Orchard Road has the highest concentration of shopping outlets in Kuala Lumpur. For the Road in same area refer Jalan Bukit Bintang. Bukit Bintang (or Star Hill) is the name of a shopping and officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. Ginza (銀座 is a district of Chūō Tokyo, located south of Yaesu and Kyōbashi, west of Tsukiji, east of Yūrakuchō and The City of New York Singapore Orchard Road is a road in Singapore that is the retail and Entertainment hub of the City-state. Bukit Bintang which is part of the Kuala Lumpur's Golden Triangle, spans over 3 roads which are Jalan Bukit Bintang, Jalan Imbi and Jalan Sultan Ismail. For the Road in same area refer Jalan Bukit Bintang. Bukit Bintang (or Star Hill) is the name of a shopping and It houses various cafes, alfresco dining outlets and shopping complexes namely Berjaya Times Square, Bukit Bintang Plaza, Imbi Plaza, Kuala Lumpur Plaza, Low Yat Plaza, Starhill Gallery, Sungei Wang Plaza, Lot 10, and Pavilion KL. Berjaya Times Square KL is a twin tower complex containing a shopping centre and two five star hotels located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Bukit Bintang Plaza (or more commonly referred to as BB Plaza) is a popular shopping centre situated in the Bukit Bintang area of Kuala Lumpur Low Yat Plaza ( Simplified / Traditional Chinese 刘蝶广场 / 劉碟廣場 Pinyin: liú díe guāng wǔ Malay: Plaza Low Yat) or Sungei Wang Plaza ( is a popular shopping centre situated in the Bukit Bintang area of Kuala Lumpur. Lot 10 is situated within central Kuala Lumpur 's new shopping and entertainment district Bintang Walk The Pavilion Kuala Lumpur is a Shopping mall in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Furthermore, the Bangsar district also has a few shopping complexes. Bangsar, also Bungsar ( archaic) is a residential suburb on the outskirts of Kuala Lumpur, lying about four kilometres or 2½ miles south-west Mid Valley Megamall, The Gardens and Bangsar Village are a few to be named. Mid Valley Megamall is a 45 million square feet (420000 m² complex comprising a Shopping mall, an office tower block 30 signature offices and 2 Hotels The Gardens (also known in full as The Gardens at Mid Valley City) is an upcoming mixed development in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Damansara area in the north-west of Kuala Lumpur is the home of IKEA outlet, locally operated Ikano Power Centre, The Curve shopping mall, Cathay Multi Screen Cinemas and 1 Utama, another mega mall is situated less than one kilometre away. Damansara is a one of 36 subdivisions ( mukim) of the district of Petaling in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. IKEA is a privately-held international home products retailer that sells flat pack Furniture, accessories bathrooms and kitchens at retail stores around the world Ikano Power Centre is a shopping mall located in Mutiara Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia. Cathay Organisation Holdings Limited is one of Singapore's leading leisure and entertainment groups 1 Utama is a popular shopping mall in Bandar Utama, a suburb in the northern part of Petaling Jaya and is located just opposite Taman Tun Dr Ismail in

Apart from shopping complexes, Kuala Lumpur has designated numerous zones in the city to market locally manufactured products such as textiles, fabrics and handicrafts. Central Market is a main attraction in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Handicraft, also known as craftwork or simply Craft, is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or using only simple tools The Chinatown of Kuala Lumpur, or commonly known as Petaling Street, is one of them. Petaling Street or Jalan Petaling in Malay is a Chinatown located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Chinatown features many pre-independence buildings with Straits Chinese and European traditions influence. ^[59][60] The Kuala Lumpur's Central Market, which was once the city's wet market, offers an assortment of arts and craft merchandise, varying from antiques and paintings to souvenirs and clothing. Central Market is a main attraction in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is also known as Pasar Seni in Malay.

Since 2000, the Ministry of Tourism of Malaysia has kick-started the mega sale event for all shopping in Malaysia. The mega sale event is held thrice in a year—in March, May and December—where all shopping malls are encouraged to participate to boost Kuala Lumpur as a leading shopping destination. ^[61]

Cityscape

Architecture

Main article: Architecture in Kuala Lumpur

The architecture of Kuala Lumpur is a blend of old colonial influences, Asian traditions, Malay Islamic inspirations, modern, and postmodern architecture mix. This article is concerned with architectural aspects of Modernism; for the most recent developments in architecture see Contemporary architecture. Postmodern architecture was an international style whose first examples are generally cited as being from the 1950s and which continues to influence present-day Architecture ^[62] Being a relatively young city compared with other Southeast Asian capitals such as Bangkok, Jakarta and Manila, most of Kuala Lumpur's colonial buildings were built toward the end of 19th and early 20th century. Bangkok, known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (krūŋtʰêːp máhǎːnákʰɔn) or Krung Thep ( for short is the Capital, largest Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. The City of Manila These buildings have Moorish, Tudor, Neo-Gothic or Grecian-Spanish style or architecture. Mughal architecture, an amalgam of Islamic, Persian and Indian architecture, is the distinctive style developed by the Mughal Empire The Tudor style in architecture is the final development of medieval architecture during the Tudor period (1485&ndash1603 and even beyond for conservative college The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began ^[63] Most of the styling has been modified to use local resources and acclimatized to the local climate, which is hot and humid all year around.

Prior to the Second World War, many shophouses, usually two storeys with functional shops on the ground floor and separate residential spaces upstairs, were built around the old city center. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A shophouse is a vernacular architectural Building type that is both native and unique to urban Southeast Asia. These shop-houses drew inspiration from Straits Chinese and European traditions. Peranakan, Baba-Nyonya ( Hokkien: Bā-bā Niû-liá) and Straits Chinese (zh-Hant 土生華人 named after the Straits Settlements ^[59][60] Some of these shophouses have made way for new developments but there are still many standing today around Medan Pasar (Old Market Square), Chinatown, Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Doraisamy, Bukit Bintang and Tengkat Tong Shin areas. Petaling Street or Jalan Petaling in Malay is a Chinatown located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman or formerly Batu Road is a prominent road in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and is named after the first Yang di-Pertuan For the Road in same area refer Jalan Bukit Bintang. Bukit Bintang (or Star Hill) is the name of a shopping and

Independence coupled with the rapid economic growth from the 1970s to the 1990s and with Islam being the official religion in the country, has resulted in the construction of buildings with a more local and Islamic flavour arise around the city. Many of these buildings derive their design from traditional Malay items such as the songkok and the keris. A peci is a Cap of Indonesian Muslim origin in the shape of a truncated cone similar to fez but almost always made of black Felt The kris or keris is a distinctive asymmetrical dagger indigenous to Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Southern Thailand and Some of these buildings have Islamic geometric motifs integrated with the designs of the building, signifying Islamic restriction on imitating nature through drawings. ^[64] Examples of these buildings are Menara Telekom, Menara Maybank, Dayabumi Complex, and the Islamic Center. Menara Telekom (or Menara TM is the headquarters of Telekom Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur. The Maybank Tower ( Menara Maybank) is a major Skyscraper and landmark in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Dayabumi Complex ( Kompleks Dayabumi) is a major landmark in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ^[65] Some buildings such as the Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia and National Planetarium have been built to masquerade as a place of worship, complete with dome and minaret, when in fact it is a place of science and knowledge. The National Planetarium ( Malay: Planetarium Negara) is the national Planetarium of Malaysia. A dome is a common structural element of Architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a Sphere. For the mountain formation see Minarets (California. Minarets ( Arabic manara (lighthouse منارة but more usually مئذنة The 452 metre tall Petronas Twin Towers were designed to resemble motifs found in Islamic art. The Petronas Twin Towers (also known as the Petronas Towers or Twin Towers) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the world's tallest buildings ^[66]

Late modern and postmodern architecture began to appear in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Buildings with all glass shell appears around the city, with the most prominent example being the Petronas Twin Towers and Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre. The Petronas Twin Towers (also known as the Petronas Towers or Twin Towers) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were the world's tallest buildings The Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre is the premier convention and exhibition centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ^[67]

Kuala Lumpur’s central business district today has shifted around the Kuala Lumpur City Center (KLCC) where many new and tall buildings with modern and postmodern architecture fill the skyline.

Parks

The Perdana Lake Gardens, a 92 hectare manicured garden near the Malaysian Parliament building, was once home to a British colonial official. Explanation The hectare is commonly used in most countries around the world especially in domains concerned with land planning and management such as Agriculture, The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The park includes a Butterfly Park, Deer Park, Orchid Garden, Hibiscus Garden and Kuala Lumpur Bird Park, Southeast Asia's largest bird park. The Kuala Lumpur Bird Park (Taman Burung Kuala Lumpur is a public aviary in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ^[68] Other parks in the city include, the ASEAN Sculpture Garden, Kuala Lumpur City Centre Park (KLCC), Titiwangsa Lake Gardens, Metropolitan Lake Gardens in Kepong, Forest Research Institute Malaysia^[69], Taman Tasik Permaisuri (Queen’s Lake Gardens), Bukit Kiara Botanical Gardens, Equestrian Park and West Valley Park near TTDI, and Bukit Jalil International Park. The Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM is a statutory agency of the Government of Malaysia, under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Bukit Kiara is an affluent suburb of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The area is in proximity to other exclusive suburbs such as Bukit Damansara, TTDI Taman Tun Dr Ismail is a main township in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

There are three forest reserves within the city namely the Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve in the city center, the oldest gazetted forest reserve in the country (10. Bukit Nanas or "Pineapple Hill" is a landmark of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 52 hectares), Bukit Sungai Putih Forest Reserve (7. 41 hectares) and Bukit Sungai Besi Forest Reserve (42. 11 hectares). Bukit Nanas, in the heart of the City Centre, is one of the oldest virgin forests in the world within a city. Bukit Nanas or "Pineapple Hill" is a landmark of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ^[70] These residual forest areas are home to a number of fauna species particularly monkeys, tree shrews, squirrels and birds.

Culture

Arts

Kuala Lumpur is a hub for cultural activities and events in Malaysia. Among the centres is the National Museum which is situated along the Mahameru Highway. The National Museum (in Malay Muzium Negara) is the Malaysian national museum which is located outside Perdana Lake Gardens in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Its collection comprises artifacts and paintings collected throughout the country. ^[71]

Kuala Lumpur also has an Islamic Arts Museum which houses more than seven thousands Islamic artefacts including rare exhibits from China as well as a library of Islamic art books. Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia was officially opened on December 12 1998 ^[72] This museum features some impressively decorated domes and large open exhibition spaces. A dome is a common structural element of Architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a Sphere. It is located at Jalan Lembah Perdana next to the National Mosque. The Masjid Negara is the national mosque of Malaysia, located in Kuala Lumpur.

The premier performing arts venue is the Petronas Philharmonic Hall. Dewan Filharmonik Petronas (literally Petronas Philharmonic Hall) is Malaysia's first purpose built Concert hall for Classical music by Malaysia's oil The resident orchestra is the Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra (MPO), consisting of musicians from all over the world and features regular concerts, chamber concerts and traditional cultural performances. The Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra (MPO is funded by the Petroliam Nasional Berhad ( Petronas) ^[73]

The National Art Gallery of Malaysia is located on Jalan Temerloh, off Jalan Tun Razak on a 5. The National Art Gallery of Malaysia ( Malay: Balai Seni Lukis Negara) was established on August 28, 1958 by Tunku Abdul Rahman, the first 67 hectare site neighbouring the National Theater (Istana Budaya) and National Library. The Istana Budaya or The Palace of Culture, founded in September 1999 is Malaysia 's main venue for all types of theatre including Musical theater The architecture of the gallery incorporates elements of traditional Malay architecture, as well as contemporary modern architecture. The National Art Gallery serves as a centre of excellence and trustee of the national art heritage.

The Petronas Art Gallery, another centre for fine art, is situated in Kuala Lumpur City Centre (KLCC). Kuala Lumpur (ˈkwɑːləlʊmˈpʊər Malay /kwɑlɑlʊmpʊ/ and locally /kwɑləlʊmpɔ/ or even /kɔlɔmpɔ/ or often abbreviated as K The Galeri Tangsi near Dataran Merdeka houses exhibitions of works by local and foreign artists.

The Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Centre (KLPac) in Sentul West is one of the most established centres for the performing arts, notably theatre, music, and film screening, in the country. It has housed many local productions and has been a supporter of local and regional independent performance artists. ^[74] One of the highlights in 2006 was the KL Sing Song 2006 music fest which featured Malaysian singer-songwriters of various cultural backgrounds, from both West and East Malaysia, through two days of performances and workshops. ^[75]

Kuala Lumpur holds the Malaysia International Gourmet Festival annually. ^[76] Another event hosted annually by the city is the Kuala Lumpur Fashion Week,^[77] which includes international brands as well as local designers.

Sports and recreation

Kuala Lumpur has numerous parks and open spaces for recreational purposes. Total open space for recreational and sport facilities land use in the city has increased significantly by 169. 6 percent from 586 hectares in 1984 to 1,580 hectares in 2000. ^[78]

Kuala Lumpur is one of the host cities for the Formula One World Championship,^[13] the open-wheel auto racing A1 Grand Prix^[79] and the Motorcycle Grand Prix^[80] with races being held at Sepang International Circuit in the neighbouring state of Selangor, next to the Kuala Lumpur International Airport. History The nation-based A1GP concept was founded by Sheikh Maktoum Hasher Maktoum Al Maktoum of Dubai, initially in 2004 Overview A Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix was first organized by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM in 1949 The Sepang International Circuit (SIC is the venue used for the Formula One Malaysian Grand Prix, A1 Grand Prix as well as the Malaysian The Formula One event contributes significantly to tourist arrivals and tourism income to Kuala Lumpur. This is evident during the Asian Financial Crisis in 1998. The Asian Financial Crisis was a period of Financial crisis that gripped much of Asia beginning in July 1997 and raised fears of a worldwide economic meltdown ( Despite cities around Asia suffering declining tourist arrivals, Kuala Lumpur tourist arrivals increased from 6,210,900 in 1997 to 10,221,600 in 2000, or 64. 6% increase in tourist arrivals. ^[81]

KL Grand Prix CSI 5*,^[82] a five-star international showjumping equestrian event is held annually in the city. This annual event draws the world’s top riders and their prized horses to Malaysia.

Other annual sport events hosted by the city include the KL Tower Run,^[83] the KL Tower International BASE Jump Merdeka Circuit and the Kuala Lumpur International Marathon. Kuala Lumpur is also one of the stages of the Tour de Langkawi cycling race. The Tour de Langkawi ( French for "Tour of Langkawi" is an annual Cycling race which is held in Malaysia ^[84]

The annual Malaysia Open Super Series badminton tournament is held in Kuala Lumpur. The Malaysia Open is an annual Badminton event that commonly held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Kuala Lumpur has a considerable array of sports facilities of international class after hosting the 1998 Commonwealth Games. The 1998 XVI Commonwealth Games were held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 11 September to 21 September 1998 making it the first Asian Many of these facilities including the main stadium (with running track and a football field), hockey stadium and swimming pools are located in the National Sports Complex at Bukit Jalil while a velodrome and more swimming pools are located in Bandar Tun Razak, next to the Taman Tasik Permaisuri Lake Gardens. The National Sports Complex or Kompleks Sukan Negara in Malaysia is the largest sports complex in the country Bukit Jalil is a suburb about 20km south of Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. There are also soccer fields, local sports complexes, swimming pools and tennis courts scattered around the suburbs. Badminton and ‘takraw’ courts are usually included in community halls.

Kuala Lumpur has several golf courses including the Kuala Lumpur Golf and Country Club (KLGCC) and the Malaysia Civil Service Golf Club in Kiara and the Berjaya Golf Course at Bukit Jalil.

The city also has numerous large private fitness centers run by California Fitness, Fitness First, Celebrity Gym, True Fitness and the major five star hotels. Fitness First is one of the largest health and fitness provider in the world second in number of clubs only to Gold's Gym and third in memberships only to 24 hour

Media

There are several newspapers, including daily newspapers, business newspapers and also a digital newspaper, based in Kuala Lumpur. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Daily newspapers include Utusan Malaysia, Berita Harian, Harian Metro, The Star, New Straits Times, The Sun, Malay Mail, Kosmo! as well as other language newspapers. Utusan Malaysia (literally translated from Malay to English as the " Malaysian Courier " (formerly known as Utusan Melayu Berita Harian ( English: Daily News) is a major Malay language Newspaper in Malaysia. Harian Metro is a Malaysian newspaper published in Malay language and available in the afternoon The Star is the leading English-language Tabloid format Newspaper in Malaysia. The New Straits Times is a Malaysian Newspaper. It is Malaysia's oldest newspaper still in print (though not the first having been founded as The Sun (now branded as theSun) is Malaysia 's first national Free daily newspaper in Tabloid form The Malay Mail is a Malaysian Newspaper first published in December 1896 in the Federated Malay States, making it the first daily to appear in Kosmo! (uncommonly known as Kosmo) is a Malay language compact format newspaper in Malaysia owned by Utusan Kuala Lumpur is also the headquarters for Malaysia's state broadcaster RTM and commercial station TV3. Radio Televisyen Malaysia or RTM is a Malaysian government-owned public broadcaster which owns and operates a number of radio and Television stations Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Berhad (STMB or TV3 was incorporated in 1983 as Malaysia ’s first commercial Television station. Programmes are broadcast in Malay, English, Chinese and Tamil. The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Tamil (ta தமிழ்; t̪əmɨɻ is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent.

The city is also home to the country's main pay-TV service, Astro, a satellite television service, which broadcasts local and global television channels such as CNN, BBC World, Star World and HBO. Astro is a Subscription -based Direct broadcast satellite (DBS or Direct-to-home Satellite television and radio service Satellite television is Television delivered by the means of Communications satellites as compared to conventional Terrestrial television and Cable Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner STAR World is an Asian English language cable and Satellite television owned by STAR TV. ^[85] Al-Jazeera, the Doha-based Arab news network has launched a new English-speaking channel called Al-Jazeera English to boost its international viewership with one of its broadcast centers based in Kuala Lumpur. For the English-language channel see Al Jazeera English Al Jazeera (الجزيرة al-jazīrah,, meaning "The Island" Al Jazeera English is a 24-hour English-language News and current affairs TV channel headquartered in Doha, Qatar. ^[86] Phoenix TV, a Hong Kong based television broadcaster has also announced plans to expand its regional business by partnership with local satellite TV provider, Astro. Phoenix Satellite Television Holdings Ltd or Phoenix Television ( Simplified Chinese: 凤凰卫星电视 Traditional Chinese:鳳凰衛星電視 Hanyu Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Astro is a Subscription -based Direct broadcast satellite (DBS or Direct-to-home Satellite television and radio service ^[87][88] The Hong Kong office of Channel V International, an international music channel, relocated its programme production unit in Kuala Lumpur by appointing the local company Double Vision Sdn Bhd. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Channel ' is the brand name for multiple international Music television networks owned by STAR TV. ^[89] In March 2008, Time Out, the international listings and events magazine, launched in Kuala Lumpur as its 24th global city. Time Out is a Publishing company based in London, England. The company's best known product is the Time Out weekly listings Magazine

Kuala Lumpur has been featured in all aspects of popular culture such as movies, television, music and books. Movies set in Kuala Lumpur includes Entrapment, starring Sean Connery and Catherine Zeta-Jones, and Children of Men, (starring Clive Owen) where the Petronas Twin Towers were depicted in flames for a few seconds. Entrapment ( 1999) is an American Film directed by Jon Amiel, and starring Sean Connery and Catherine Zeta-Jones Sir Thomas Sean Connery (born August 25 1930) is an Academy Award - Golden Globe - and BAFTA Award -winning Scottish Catherine Zeta-Jones ( "zeeta" born September 25, 1969) is a Welsh actress, presently based in the United States Children of Men is a 2006 dystopian Science fiction Film co-written and directed by Alfonso Cuarón. Clive Owen (born October 3, 1964) is an Academy Award -nominated and Golden Globe - and BAFTA -award winning English ^[90] Books which were set in Kuala Lumpur include KL 24/7 by Ida M Rahim, Shireen Zainudin and Rizal Zainudin^[91] and Democracy by Joan Didion. Democracy, Joan Didion 's fourth Novel, was published in 1984. ^[92] Kuala Lumpur is also mentioned in many songs by local Malaysian artists such as Keroncong Kuala Lumpur by P. Ramlee,^[93] Kuala Lumpur, Ibu Kota by Saloma, Chow Kit Road by Sudirman Arshad, Senyumlah Kuala Lumpur by Alleycats, Streets of Kuala Lumpur by Murkyway, K. Tan Sri Dr P Ramlee PSM AMN ( 22 March 1929 &ndash 29 May 1973) was a Malaysian film Actor, Puan Sri Salmah binti Ismail or better known as Saloma ( 22 January 1935 - 25 April 1983) was a Malaysian film Sudirman Hj Arshad JMN AMN ( 25 May 1954 - 22 February 1992) was a Malaysian singer and a lawyer The Alleycats is a Malaysian band which was formed in 1969, and gained popularity in the late 1970s. L. by Vandal, Kuala Lumpur by Poetic Ammo, Anak Dara by Azmyl Yunor and KL by Too Phat. Poetic Ammo (also known as PMO) is a Malaysian rap/hip-hop group. Azmyl Yunor (born 1977 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) is an independent English and Malay language Singer-songwriter and Multi-instrumentalist of Too Fat is a Malaysian hip-hop duo consisting of Joe Flizzow (born Johan Ishak in Kuala Lumpur, 16 October, 1979 Kuala Lumpur was also one of the destinations in The Amazing Race Asia and The Amazing Race. The Amazing Race Asia is a reality Game show based on the American series The Amazing Race. The Amazing Race, sometimes referred to as TAR, is a Reality television Game show in which teams of two people (with one exception ^[94] Games have also been set in Kuala Lumpur. They include three levels of the game Hitman 2: Silent Assassin and two levels of the playstation 2 game Burnout Dominator. Hitman 2 Silent Assassin is a stealth -based Shooter game, developed by IO Interactive and published by Eidos Interactive. Burnout Dominator is a Video game in the Burnout series It was announced on December 5, 2006 for the PlayStation "Scampi", one of Weebl's cartoons, features Kuala Lumpur as one of the things the military man mentions in disguise, disguised as France. Jonti Picking has created many Flash cartoons distributed on the Weebl's Stuff website This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

Transportation

Main articles: Transportation in Kuala Lumpur and Public transport in Kuala Lumpur

Unlike most other Asian cities, driving is the main mode of commuting in Kuala Lumpur. ^[95] Hence, every part of the city is well connected by highways. As capital of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur has a comprehensive road network that leads to the rest of Peninsular Malaysia. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Like all other historical urban centres the capital city of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, contains a number of current and old roads and streets across Peninsular Malaysia ( Semenanjung Malaysia) also known as Malaya or West Malaysia, is the part of Malaysia which lies on ^[96] High speed roadways, or expressways are tolled roadways, and motorist using these expressways have an option of paying by cash, or by stored value cards such as Touch 'n Go and SmartTAG. An expressway is a Divided highway for high-speed traffic with at least partial Control of access. The Malaysian Expressway System (Sistem Lebuhraya Malaysia which begins with the NSE, is in the process of being substantially increased The Touch 'n Go smart card is used by Malaysian toll expressway and highway operators as the sole Electronic payment system (EPS This article describes the toll collection system in Malaysia ^[97]

In terms of air connectivity, Kuala Lumpur is served by two airports. The main airport, Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA), which is also the aviation hub of Malaysia, is located about 50 km south of city. Kuala Lumpur International Airport commonly known as KLIA is one of Asia 's major aviation hubs along with Bangkok's Suvarnabhumi Airport, Hong The other airport is Subang Airport which used to be the main international airport serving the city until KLIA replaced it when it opened in 1998. Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport, LTSAAS (formerly Subang International Airport) often called Subang Airport, is an Airport located in The airport connects the city with direct flights to destinations in six continents around the world,^[98] and is the main hub for the national carrier, Malaysia Airlines. Malaysia Airlines (MAS ( Malay:Syarikat Penerbangan Malaysia Chinese:马来西亚航空公司) is the Flag carrier of Malaysia. KLIA can be reached using the KLIA Ekspres high-speed train service from KL Sentral which takes only twenty-eight minutes,^[99] while travelling by car via highway will take about an hour. KLIA Ekspres is a non-stop airport rail link service between Kuala Lumpur Sentral (KL Sentral and the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA (at Kuala Lumpur Sentral (KL Sentral or Sentral Kuala Lumpur is a Transit-oriented development that houses the main railway station of Kuala Lumpur As of 2007, Subang Airport is only used for chartered and turboprops flights by airlines such as Firefly and Berjaya Air. Firefly is a low cost airline and a full subsidiary of Malaysia Airlines. Berjaya Air is an Airline based in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. ^[100]

Public transport on Kuala Lumpur and the rest of the Klang Valley covers a variety of transport modes such as bus, rail and taxi. Klang Valley (Lembah Klang is an area in Malaysia comprising Kuala Lumpur and its suburbs and adjoining cities and towns in the state of Selangor Mode of transport (or means of transport or transport mode or transport modality or form of transport) is a general term for the different "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of Public transport for a single passenger or small group of passengers typically for a non-shared ride Despite efforts to promote usage of public transportation, utilisation rates are low as only 16 percent of the population used public transportation in 2006. ^[95] The rapid transit system in Kuala Lumpur consists of three separate rail systems which meet in the city and extends towards other parts of Klang Valley. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway Klang Valley (Lembah Klang is an area in Malaysia comprising Kuala Lumpur and its suburbs and adjoining cities and towns in the state of Selangor The rail systems are RapidKL RAIL, KL Monorail, and KTM Komuter. The KL Monorail is a Monorail system (previously known as Peoplemover Rapid Transit - PRT in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, opened 31 August KTM Komuter is an electrified Commuter train service operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad These lines have either underground or elevated stations around the city. The main rapid transit hub is KL Sentral which facilitates as an interchange station for the rail systems. Kuala Lumpur Sentral (KL Sentral or Sentral Kuala Lumpur is a Transit-oriented development that houses the main railway station of Kuala Lumpur KL Sentral is also a hub for intercity railway operated by KTM Intercity. KTM Intercity ( KTM Antarabandar) refers to a range of diesel-powered intercity train services in Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and It provides rail services to as far as Singapore in the south, and Hat Yai, Thailand, in the north. Singapore Hat Yai (หาดใหญ่ also Haad Yai / Had Yai) is a city in southern Thailand near the boundary to Malaysia. ^[101]

The largest public transportation operator in Kuala Lumpur and the Klang Valley is RapidKL. RapidKL, short for Rangkaian Pengangkutan Integrasi Deras Sdn Bhd is a government-owned Company which was formed in 2004 as part of the restructuring of the public ^[102] Since the take over from Intrakota Komposit Sdn Bhd, RapidKL has redrawn the entire bus network of Kuala Lumpur and Klang Valley metropolitan area^[103] to increase ridership and improve Kuala Lumpur's public transportation system. Klang Valley (Lembah Klang is an area in Malaysia comprising Kuala Lumpur and its suburbs and adjoining cities and towns in the state of Selangor The management of RapidKL has adopted the hub and spoke system to provide greater connectivity, and cut down the need of more buses. The hub-and-spoke distribution paradigm (or model or network) is a system of connections arranged like a chariot wheel in which all traffic moves along ^[104] RapidKL is also the operator of three rapid transit rail lines in Kuala Lumpur, namely Ampang Line, Sri Petaling Line and Kelana Jaya Line. RapidKL, short for Rangkaian Pengangkutan Integrasi Deras Sdn Bhd is a government-owned Company which was formed in 2004 as part of the restructuring of the public ^[105]

Kuala Lumpur is served by Port Klang, located about 64 km (40 mi) southwest of the city. Port Klang ( Pelabuhan Klang) is the one of the main Ports of Malaysia, located in the district of Klang in the state of Selangor. The port is the largest and busiest in the country handling about 6. 3 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) of cargo in 2006. Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit (often TEU or teu) is an inexact unit of cargo capacity often used to describe the capacity of Container ships and Container ^[106]

Education

According to government statistics, Kuala Lumpur has a literacy rate of 97. traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write or the ability to use Language to read, write, listen, 5% in 2000, the highest rate in any state or territory in Malaysia. ^[107] In Malaysia, Malay is the language of instruction for most subjects while English is a compulsory subject and is used as the language of instruction for mathematics and the natural sciences. There are also schools which provide Mandarin and Tamil as languages of instruction for certain subjects.

In Kuala Lumpur alone, there are 13 tertiary education institutions, 79 high schools, 155 elementary schools and 136 kindergartens. ^[108]

There are several notable institutions located in the city which have existed for more than 100 years, such as, St. John's Institution (since 1904); Victoria Institution (1893); Convent Bukit Nanas (1899); Methodist Girls' School, Kuala Lumpur (1896) and Methodist Boys' School (1897). St John's Institution ( Malay: Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan St John) is a premier Secondary school for boys (sixth form is Co-ed History In the 1880s Raffles Institution in Singapore flourished as one of the most outstanding schools of its time SMK Convent Bukit Nanas (CBN is an all-girls Secondary school located at Bukit Nanas in the heart of Kuala Lumpur. Methodist Boys' School Kuala Lumpur (MBS is a secondary school located in the city of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and was founded in July 1897

Kuala Lumpur is home to the University of Malaya. The University of Malaya ( Abbreviation: UM; Universiti Malaya is the oldest university in Malaysia. Established in 1962, it is the oldest university in Malaysia, and one of the oldest in the region. ^[109] It is also the most prestigious tertiary institution in Malaysia, having been ranked first among the universities in Malaysia in the 2004 THES international rankings. Times Higher Education ( THE) formerly The Times Higher Education Supplement ( THES) is a magazine based ^[110] In recent years, the number of international students at University of Malaya has risen, a result of increasing efforts made to attract more international students. International students are Students usually in early adulthood who study in foreign Educational institutions While most universities have official ^[111]

Other universities located in Kuala Lumpur include International Medical University, Open University Malaysia, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Wawasan Open University and the branch campus of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. The International Medical University (IMU is a private medical school in Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia About OUM Open University Malaysia or OUM is the 7th Malaysian private university owned by the Multimedia Technology Enhancement Operations (METEOR Sdn University of Kuala Lumpur (Universiti Kuala Lumpur or UniKL is a technical University based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Wawasan Open University is an institution of higher education based in Malaysia that allows adult students to pursue tertiary level qualifications through Open Distance Learning (ODL Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia ( National University of Malaysia) is a Public university located in Bangi, Selangor which is about 35 km Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Technology University of Malaysia is the oldest public engineering and technology University in Malaysia and is known by Apart from these, universities located around Kuala Lumpur include Monash University Malaysia Campus, Taylor's University College, Limkokwing University Of Creative Technology and others. The Sunway Campus of Monash University opened in 1998 and is located within the Bandar Sunway township in Malaysia Since its inception in 1969 Taylor’s University College has undertaken the important task of developing our nation’s youth into well-rounded competitive and resilient contributors with Limkokwing University of Creative Technology is a private university in Malaysia.

The National Defence University of Malaysia is located at Sungai Besi Army Base, at the southern part of central Kuala Lumpur. Sungai Besi is a town in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. It was established to be a major centre for military and defence technology studies. This institution covers studies in the field of army, navy, and air force. An army (from Latin Armata "act of arming" via Old French armée) in the broadest sense is the land-based Armed forces An air force, also known in some countries as an air army or historically an army air corps, is in the broadest sense the national military or armed service ^[112]

Sister cities

• Ankara, Turkey^[113]
• Casablanca, Morocco^[114]
• Esfahan, Iran^[115]
• Malacca, Malaysia (April 15, 1989)^[114]
• Mashhad, Iran (October 2006)^[116]
• Osaka, Japan^[114]

References

See also

• 2005 Malaysian haze
• Kuala Lumpur FA

External links

• Official Kuala Lumpur Website
• Kuala Lumpur City Hall
• ITIS Kuala Lumpur
• Kuala Lumpur travel guide from Wikitravel

• Kuala Lumpur is at coordinates 3°08′09″N 101°41′17″E / 3.1357, 101.688 (Kuala Lumpur)Coordinates: 3°08′09″N 101°41′17″E / 3.1357, 101.688 (Kuala Lumpur)

The 2005 Malaysian haze was a week-long choking smog-like haze over Malaysia that almost brought the central part of Peninsular Malaysia to a standstill The Football Association of Kuala Lumpur enters a team in Malaysian football competitions Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.

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