| Krukenberg tumor Classification and external resources |
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| Krukenberg Tumor | |
| ICD-10 | C56. |
| ICD-9 | 183 |
| ICD-O: | 8490/6 |
| DiseasesDB | 30081 |
| MeSH | D007725 |
A Krukenberg tumor classically refers to a secondary ovarian malignancy whose primary site arose in the gastrointestinal tract. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O is a domain specific extension of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems The Diseases Database is a free Website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions Symptoms, and Medications. Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books Krukenberg tumors are often found in both ovaries. Microscopically, they are characterized by appearance of mucin-secreting signet-ring cells in the tissue of the ovary; when the primary tumor is discovered, the same signet-ring cells will be found. Mucins are a family of large heavily glycosylated Proteins ( Glycoconjugates.
Contents |
Historical
The Krukenberg tumor is named after Friedrich Ernst Krukenberg (1871-1946),[1] a German doctor who first described them as "fibrosarcoma ovarii mucocellulare carcinomatodes". [2]
Etiology and Incidence
Metastatic cancer of the ovary accounts for only about 5% of ovarian cancer; in the remainder, the ovary is the primary cancer site. Ovarian cancer is a cancerous growth arising from an Ovary. The cancer most commonly forms in the lining of the ovary (resulting in epithelial Krukenberg tumors are the third most common metastatic ovarian cancer (after epithelial and germ-cell tumors) and make up 14% of these cancers. Unlike some forms of cancer, there is no racial bias. Krukenberg tumors are most commonly seen in middle-aged and elderly females, around or following the menopause. Menopause is the permanent shutting down of the female Reproductive system, a considerable length of time before the end of the lifespan
Symptoms
Patients with Krukenberg tumor often come to the attention of their doctor when they present complaining of abdominal or pelvic pain, bloatedness, vaginal bleeding, a change in their menstrual habit or pain during intercourse. These symptoms are non-specific (i. e. they point to a range of problems other than cancer) and a diagnosis can only be made following Computed Tomography (CT) scans, laparotomy and/or a biopsy of the ovary. Computed tomography (CT is a Medical imaging method employing Tomography. A laparotomy is a surgical procedure involving an incision through the Abdominal wall to gain access into the Abdominal cavity. A biopsy (in Greek: βίος life and όψη look/appearance is a Medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues
Pathogenesis
There is some debate over the exact mechanism of metastasis of the tumour cells from the stomach, appendix or colon to the ovaries; classically it was thought that direct seeding across the abdominal cavity accounted for the spread of this tumor, but recently some researchers have suggested that lymphatic (i. e. through the lymph nodes), or haematogenous (i. e. through the blood) spread is more likely, as most of these tumours are found on the inside of the ovaries. Proponents of this theory cite the fact that metastases are never found in the omentum (the fatty apron which envelops the organs of the abdomen and lies between the stomach and ovaries), and that the tumor cells are found within the ovary and not growing inwards. Metastasis ( Greek: displacement μετά=next + στάσις=placement, plural metastases) sometimes abbreviated mets, However, this remains a controversy, as cases in Hong Kong always showed omental spread and peritoneal seedlings in patients with Krukenberg tumours. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders
Although a Krukenberg tumor is most commonly a metastasis from a gastric cancer (usually an adenocarcinoma), this is not always the case. Stomach or gastric cancer can develop in any part of the Stomach and may spread throughout the stomach and to other organs particularly the Esophagus and Adenocarcinoma is a cancer that originates in Glandular tissue Other tumours of the gastrointestinal tract (including, significantly, colon cancer) have been known to cause Krukenberg tumours, and recent case-reports of Krukenberg tumors originating from tumors of the tip of the appendix have appeared in the medical literature. Colorectal cancer, also called colon cancer or large bowel cancer, includes Cancerous growths in the colon, Rectum and
Treatment and Prognosis
Since the Krukenberg tumor is a secondary (metastatic) tumor, management of the tumor must involve finding and treating the primary cancer. In general, most cases of Krukenberg tumor have a poor prognosis and radical operation such as removal of the ovaries (and the colon or appendix if involved) can improve survival only in cases of solitary ovarian metastasis or local extended disease (i. e. the lesion is located only in the pelvis). Cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy before surgery may be used to shrink the tumor and facilitate its removal. Chemotherapy, in its most general sense refers to treatment of disease by chemicals that kill cells specifically those of micro-organisms or Cancer. Radiation therapy (or radiotherapy) is the medical use of Ionizing radiation as part of Cancer treatment to control Malignant
References
- ^ doctor/620 at Who Named It
- ^ F. Who Named It? is an English-language dictionary of medical eponyms and the People associated with their identification E. Krukenberg: Über das Fibrosarcoma ovarii mucocellulare (carcinomatodes). Archiv für Gynäkologie, Berlin, 1896, 50: 287-321.
External links
- 00498 at CHORUS
- synd/572 at Who Named It
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