Kriminalpolizei is the usual designation of the criminal investigation services in the police forces of Germany, Austria and the German-speaking part of Switzerland. Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation
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Germany
The Criminal Investigation Department of Germany's federal states' police forces are called Kriminalpolizei or simply Kripo . The Criminal Investigation Department (CID is the branch of all Territorial police forces within the British Police and many other Commonwealth police Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular They are organized variously according to state law and report to their state's interior ministry. Investigators with the Bundeskriminalamt or the investigating units of the Bundespolizei are usually not referred to as Kripo.
As policing in the Federal Republic of Germany is primarily a matter of the states (Landespolizei) , the state Kriminalpolizei services have responsibility for the vast majority of criminal investigations. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Landespolizei (or LaPo is a term used in the Federal Republic of Germany to denote the law enforcement services which patrol the German Bundesländer
Kripo candidates are mostly regular state police officers who have done well in police school and in their first years of street duty. After rigorous screening and examination, a small number are chosen to receive a technical education in criminology at a police college. Those completing the course then serve a three-year apprenticeship before attaining full status as an investigator. Transfer to the Kripo from federal police bodies is possible but rare.
The Kriminalpolizei’s detectives work in plainclothes and investigate crimes and incidents. Being undercover is disguising one's own identity or using an assumed identity for the purposes of gaining the trust of an individual or organization to learn secret information They interview victims and witnesses, collect evidence and interrogate suspects in a continual effort to solve crimes and arrest perpetrators. Detectives also work to locate missing persons and recover stolen property. Investigators may be assigned to precinct detective squads or one of dozens of specialized investigative units that have borough, citywide or regional jurisdiction.
Joint investigation teams are often formed with German Federal Police and customs investigators to combat drug smuggling or organised crime activities. The Bundespolizei ( BPOL) is the (primarily uniformed federal police force of Germany. The Zollfahndungsamt (ZFA is a German Customs Investigation Office
The police departments have separate Staatsschutz departments within the Kripo to investigate politically motivated crime. German intelligence agencies have no executive police powers. List of Intelligence agencies of Germany: Federal Intelligence Service (BND &ndash Bundesnachrichtendienst, foreign intelligence Their operatives are not authorized to carry out arrests, searches of premises, interrogations or confiscations. If they establish that judicial or police measures are required, they hand the matter over to the courts, public prosecutors or Kripo state security (Staatsschutz) officers who decide independently what action is justified. The Staatsanwaltschaft or public Prosecutor ’s offices are criminal justice bodies attached to the judiciary but separate from the courts in Germany, Austria
The origins
In 1799 six police officers were assigned to the Prussian Kammergericht (superior court of justice) in Berlin to investigate more prominent crimes. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. They were given permission to work in plainclothes, when necessary. Their number increased in the following years.
In 1811 their rules of service were written into the Berliner Polizeireglement (Berlin Police Regulations) and in 1820 the rank of Kriminalkommissar was introduced for criminal investigators. In 1872 the new Kriminalpolizei was made a separate branch of police service distinguishing it from the uniformed police called Schutzpolizei. The Schutzpolizei ( Schupo) is a branch of the Landespolizei, the state police of Germany
Based on the experience with this new kind of police force, other German states - such as Bremen in 1852 - reformed their police forces and by the end of the nineteenth century the Kriminalpolizei had been established nationwide. Bremen (ˈbʁeːmən is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany (official name Stadtgemeinde Bremen / City Municipality of Bremen
Kripo in Nazi Germany
In 1936 the Kriminalpolizei, the professional detective service of Germany, was taken over by the SS. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Kriminalpolizei was commanded by Artur Nebe until 1944, when Nebe was denounced and executed after the failed attempt to kill Adolf Hitler in July 1944. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately In the last year of its existence, the Kripo was commanded by Ernst Kaltenbrunner, as before indirectly through the RSHA. Ernst Kaltenbrunner (4 October 1903 &ndash 16 October 1946 was a senior Nazi official during World War II. The RSHA, or Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Head Office was a subordinate organization of the SS.
The Kriminalpolizei typically worked in conjunction with the Ordnungspolizei with administrative needs furnished by the SS-Hauptamt. The Ordnungspolizei (Orpo was the name for the uniformed Regular German Police force in existence during the period of Nazi Germany, notably The SS-Hauptamt (translated as "SS Head Office" was the central command office of the German Schutzstaffel (SS The Kripo was organized in a hierarchical system, with central offices in all towns and smaller cities. These, in turn, answered to headquarters offices in the larger German cities which answered to the Central Office of the Kriminalpolizei, considered a sub-office of the RSHA. The RSHA, or Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Head Office was a subordinate organization of the SS.
The Kriminalpolizei was mainly concerned with serious crimes such as rape, murder and arson. Rape, also referred to as Sexual assault, is an Assault by a person involving Sexual intercourse with or Sexual penetration of another person Murder is the unlawful killing of another human person with Malice aforethought, as defined in Common Law countries A main area of the group's focus was also on "blackout burglary," considered a serious problem during bombing raids when criminals would raid abandoned homes, shops and factories for any available valuables.
Many Kripo members were offered a full membership of the Allgemeine-SS with a parity SS rank but they also held their corresponding Kripo rank. The Allgemeine SS (German for "General SS" literally "Universal SS" was the biggest SS branch in terms of members Most Kripo detectives referred to themselves by police investigator titles such as Kriminalrat, instead of SS or Orpo rank. The Kripo was also one of the sources of manpower used to fill the ranks of the Einsatzgruppen and several senior Kripo commanders, Artur Nebe among them, were assigned as Einsatzgruppen commanders. Einsatzgruppen ( German: "task forces" "intervention groups" were Paramilitary groups formed by Heinrich Himmler and
The novel Fatherland, set in an alternate history where Germany won the Second World War, focuses around a central character (Xavier March) who is a Sturmbannführer in the office of the Kriminalpolizei. Fatherland is a bestselling 1992 thriller Novel by the English Writer and journalist Robert Harris, which doubles World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Sturmbannführer was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party which was used by both the Sturmabteilung (SA and the Schutzstaffel Artur Nebe also appears in the novel as an Oberstgruppenführer, still serving as the commander of the Kripo 20 years after the end of World War II. Oberstgruppenführer was (from 1942 to 1945) the highest commissioned SS rank with the exception of Reichsführer-SS World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
See also
Landespolizei (or LaPo is a term used in the Federal Republic of Germany to denote the law enforcement services which patrol the German BundesländerDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic