- This article is about the city in Russia; for the pre-lenten tradition, see Kostroma (tradition). Kostroma is a straw Scarecrow of a girl burnt by East Slavs during the Carnival season or Maslenitsa.
Kostroma (Russian: Кострома́) is an historic city in central Russia, administrative centre of the Kostroma Oblast. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Kostroma Oblast (Костромска́я о́бласть Kostromskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) A part of the Golden ring of the Russian towns, it is located at the confluence of the rivers Volga and Kostroma, 65 km east of Yaroslavl. Kostroma (Кострома́ is a River in Kostroma and Yaroslavl Oblasts in Russia, left tributary of the Volga. Yaroslavl (Яросла́вль is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, located north-east of Moscow. Population: 278,750 (2002); 288,400 (2000). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. It is served by Kostroma Airport. Kostroma Airport (Аэропорт Кострома is an airport in Russia located 6 km northeast of Kostroma.
Contents |
Kostroma under the Rurikids
The city was first recorded in the chronicles for the year 1213, but historians believe it could have been founded by Yury Dolgoruky more than half a century earlier. Prince Yuri I Dolgoruki (Юрий Долгорукий "Yuri the Long-arm" also known as George I of Russia, (c Like other towns of the Eastern Rus, Kostroma was sacked by the Mongols in 1238. Vladimir-Suzdal Principality (Влади́миро-Су́здальское кня́жество It then constituted a small principality, under leadership of Prince Vasily the Drunkard, a younger brother of the famous Alexander Nevsky. Vasily Yaroslavich (1241 - 1276 was one of the least remarkable Grand Dukes of Vladimir. Saint Alexander Nevsky (Алекса́ндр Яросла́вич Не́вский in Russian; transliteration Aleksandr Yaroslavich Nevskij) ( May 30 Upon inheriting the grand ducal title in 1271, Vasily didn't leave the town for Vladimir, and his descendants ruled Kostroma for another half a century, until the town was bought by Ivan I of Moscow. Vladimir (Влади́мир) is a city in Russia, located on the Klyazma River, to the east of Moscow along the M7 motorway Ivan I Danilovich Kalita (Ива́н I Дани́лович Калита́ in Russian) (1288 &ndash March 31, 1340, Moscow) Prince of
As one of the northernmost towns of Muscovy, Kostroma served for grand dukes as a place of retreat when enemies besieged Moscow in 1382, 1408, and 1433. The Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое княжество Московское was a medieval Russian polity centered on Moscow between 1340 and Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of In 1375, the town was looted by Novgorod pirates ("ushkuiniki"). Veliky Novgorod (Вели́кий Но́вгород is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia and the administrative center of Novgorod The ushkuiniks (ушкуйники were medieval Novgorodian Pirates who led the Viking -like life of fighting killing and robbery The spectacular growth of the city in the 16th century may be attributed to the establishment of trade connections with English and Dutch merchants (Muscovy Company) through the northern port of Archangel. The Muscovy Company (also called Russian Company or Muscovy Trading Company, Russian: Московская компания) was a Arkhangelsk (Арха́нгельск formerly called Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast Boris Godunov had the Ipatievsky and Epiphany monasteries rebuilt in stone. Boris Fyodorovich Godunov (Бори́с Фёдорович Годуно́в (c This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. The construction works were finished just in time for the city to witness some of the most dramatic events of the Time of Troubles. For the Dungeons & Dragons plotline see Time of Troubles (Forgotten Realms.
Kostroma was twice ravaged by the Poles; it took a 6-month siege to expel them from the Ipatievsky monastery. The Hypatian Monastery (Ипатьевский монастырь in Russian) is a male Monastery, situated on the bank of the Kostroma River just opposite The heroic peasant Ivan Susanin became a symbol of the city's resistance to foreign invaders; several monuments to him may be seen in Kostroma. Ivan Susanin (Ива́н Суса́нин (died in 1613 was a Russian Folk hero and Martyr of the early 17th century's Time of Troubles The future tsar, Michael Romanov, also lived at the monastery. It was here that an embassy from Moscow offered him the Russian crown in 1612. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of
Kostroma under the Romanovs
It is understandable why the Romanov tsars regarded Kostroma as their special protectorate. The House of Romanov (Рома́нов rʌˈmanəf was the second and last imperial Dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917 The Ipatievsky monastery was visited by many of them, including Nicholas II, the last Russian tsar. The monastery had been founded in the early 14th century by a Tatar prince, ancestor of the Godunov family. The Romanov tsars had the magnificent Trinity Cathedral rebuilt in 1652; its frescoes and iconostasis are a thing of beauty. A wooden house of Mikhail Romanov is still preserved in the monastery. There are also several old wooden structures transported to the monastery walls from distant districts of the Kostroma Oblast. Kostroma Oblast (Костромска́я о́бласть Kostromskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast)
In 1773, Kostroma was devastated by a great fire. Afterwards the city was rebuilt with streets radiating from a single focal point near the river. They say that Empress Catherine dropped her fan on the city map, and told the architects to follow her design. Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years One of the best preserved examples of the 18th century town planning, Kostroma retains some elegant structures in a "provincial neoclassical" style. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and These include a governor's palace, a fire tower, a rotunda on the Volga embankment, and an arcaded central market with a merchant church in the center. LeveeEmbankmentDitch A dike (or dyke) levee, levée, embankment, floodbank or stopbank is a natural or artificial Gostinyi dvor (Гостиный двор is a historic Russian term for an indoor Market, or Shopping centre.
Sights and landmarks
Built in 1559-65, the 5-domed Epiphany Cathedral was the first stone edifice in the city; its medieval frescoes perished during a fire several years ago. Fresco (plural either frescos or frescoes) is any of several related Painting types done on Plaster on walls or The minster houses the city's most precious relic, a 10th-century Byzantine icon called Our Lady of St. Theodore (Russian: Федоровская Богоматерь). The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world An icon (from Greek εἰκών eikōn, "image" is a religious work of art most commonly a painting from Eastern Christianity. Fyodorovskaya Theotokos (Russian Федоровская Богоматерь) also known as Our Lady of St It was with this icon that Mikhail Romanov was blessed by his mother when he left for Moscow to claim the Russian throne. They say that just before the Revolution the icon blackened so badly that the image was hardly visible; it was interpreted as a bad sign for the Romanov dynasty. See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them
The Ipatievsky monastery survives mostly intact, with its 16th-century walls, towers, belfry, and the 17th-century cathedral. This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral
Apart from the monasteries, most of the city churches were either rebuilt or demolished during the Soviet years. The only city church that survives from the 17th-century "golden age" is the of gold instead. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar He resolved that the unearned gold was the devil's gift and decided to spend it on building a church, beautiful within and without. Two other 17th-century temples, of rather conventional architecture, may be seen on the opposite side of the Volga.
Among the vestiges of the Godunov rule, a fine tent-like church in the village Krasnoe-on-the-Volga (formerly an estate of Boris Godunov's brother) may be recommended. A hipped roof or tented roof is a special type of Roof, widely used in 16th and 17th century Russian architecture for churches and
Sister Cities
Aachen, Germany
Durham, England
Durham, North Carolina
Toyama, Japan
Hyvinkää, Finland
Cetinje, Montenegro
External links
References
( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French, Durham (ˈdʌrəm in RP, locally ˈdʏrəm is a small city and main settlement of the City of Durham district of County Durham, England Durham is a city in the US state of North Carolina. It is the County seat of Durham County History In the 16th century there was a tavern in the area now known as Hyvinkäänkylä which lies approximately half-way between Helsinki and Hämeenlinna. Cetinje ( Montenegrin: Цетиње Cetinje, Serbian: Цетиње Cetinje, Croatian: Cetinje, Bosnian:Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic