| ?Kosambi Uttar Pradesh • India | |
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| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Population | - (2001) |
Coordinates: Kosambi (Pali) or Kausambi (Sanskrit) was one of the greatest cities in India in the Buddha's time (500 BC). A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Indian Standard Time ( IST) is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a Time offset of UTC+530. UTC+530 is the Timezone for Indian Standard Time Sri Lanka Time In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Pali ( ISO 15919 / ALA-LC: Pāḷi is a Middle Indo-Aryan language or Prakrit of India. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder It was the capital of the Vatsas (also: Vamsas[1]), one of the Mahajanapadas (Great Kingdoms) of ancient India. Vatsa (also known as Vamsa, Batsa, or Bansa) was one of the solasa (sixteen Mahajanapadas (great kingdoms of Uttarapatha Mahajanapadas ( Sanskrit: महाजनपद Mahājanapadas) literally "Great Kingdoms" (from Maha, "great" and Janapada Kausambi was a very prosperous city, where a large number of millionaire merchants resided. It was an important entreport of goods and passengers from north-west and south.
Kosambī is identified with the two villages of Kosam on the Jamuna river, about 35 miles south-west of Allahabad[2]. Allahabad ( Hindi: इलाहाबाद Urdu: الہ آباد Ilāhābād) is a city in the north Indian state of Uttar The location of Kosambi is at the following coordinates: .
The Buddhist Commentarial scriptures give two reasons for the name Kosambī. The more favoured [3] is that the city was so called because it was founded in or near the site of the hermitage once occupied by the sage Kusumba (v. l. Kusumbha). Another explanation is[4] that large and stately margosa-trees (Kosammarukkhā) grew in great numbers in and around the city. Neem ( Azadirachta indica, syn Melia azadirachta L Antelaea azadirachta (L
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Kosambi in Buddha's time
In the time of the Buddha its king was Parantapa, and after him reigned his son Udena [5]. Kosambī was evidently a city of great importance at the time of the Buddha for we find Ananda mentioning it as one of the places suitable for the Buddha's Parinibbāna [6]. Ānanda was one of many principal disciples and a devout attendant of the Buddha. In Buddhism, parinirvana ( Sanskrit: परिनिर्वाण parinirvāṇa; Pali: परिनिब्बाण parinibbāṇa It was also the most important halt for traffic coming to Kosala and Magadha from the south and the west[7]. Kosala ( Sanskrit: कोशल was an ancient Indian region corresponding roughly in area with the region of Oudh in the present day Uttar Pradesh Magadha (मगध formed one of the sixteen Mahājanapadas ( Sanskrit, "great countries" or regions in ancient India.
The city was thirty leagues by river from Benares. (Thus we are told that the fish which swallowed Bakkula travelled thirty leagues through the Yamunā, from Kosambī to Benares[8]). The usual route from Rājagaha to Kosambī was up the river (this was the route taken by Ananda when he went with five hundred others to inflict the higher punishment on Channa, Vin. ii. 290), though there seems to have been a land route passing through Anupiya and Kosambī to Rājagaha[9]). In the Sutta Nipāta (vv. 1010-13) the whole route is given from Mahissati to Rājagaha, passing through Kosambī, the halting-places mentioned being: Ujjeni, Gonaddha, Vedisa, Vanasavhya, Kosambī, Sāketa, Sāvatthi, Setavyā, Kapilavatthu, Kusinārā, Pāvā, Bhoganagara and Vesāli. Ayodhya (अयोध्या IAST Ayodhyā) is an ancient city of India, the old capital of Awadh, in the Faizabad district Srāvastī or Sāvatthī ( Hindi: श्रावस्ती a city of ancient India, was one of the six largest cities in India during Gautama Buddha Kapilavastu is the name of an region of ancient Shakya kingdom that is considered a holy pilgrimage place for Buddhists, located close to Lumbini. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kushinagar or Kusinagar (26 Pava was a city in ancient India, at the time of Gautama Buddha.
Near Kosambī, by the river, was Udena's park, the Udakavana, where Ananda and Pindola-Bhāradvāja preached to the women of Udena's palace on two different occasions[10]. The Buddha is mentioned as having once stayed in the Simsapāvana in Kosambī[11]. Mahā Kaccāna lived in a woodland near Kosambī after the holding of the First Buddhist Council[12]. According to late commentarial accounts King Ajatashatru (Sanskrit अजातशत्रु sponsored the First Buddhist council.
Buddhist historical events in Kosambi
| Pilgrimage to Buddha's Holy Sites |
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| The Four Main Sites |
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| Lumbini · Bodh Gaya Sarnath · Kushinagar |
| Four Additional Sites |
| Sravasti · Rajgir Sankissa · Vaishali |
| Other Sites |
| Patna · Gaya Kosambi · Mathura Kapilavastu · Devadaha Kesariya · Pava Nalanda · Varanasi |
| Later Sites |
| Sanchi · Ratnagiri Ellora · Ajanta Bharhut |
Buddhist monasteries in Kosambi
Already in the Buddha's time there were four establishments of the Order in Kosambī - the Kukkutārāma, the Ghositārāma, the Pāvārika-ambavana (these being given by three of the most eminent citizens of Kosambī, named respectively, Kukkuta, Ghosita and Pāvārika), and the Badarikārāma. The most important places of pilgrimage in Buddhism are located the Gangetic plains of Northern India and Southern Nepal, in the area between New Delhi and Lumbini ( Sanskrit: sa लुम्बिनी "the lovely" is a Buddhist pilgrimage site in the Kapilavastu district of Nepal WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bodh Gaya or Bodhgaya (Hindi बोधगया is a city in Gaya district in the This article is about a place in India For H P Lovecraft 's fictitious city see The Doom That Came to Sarnath. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kushinagar or Kusinagar (26 Srāvastī or Sāvatthī ( Hindi: श्रावस्ती a city of ancient India, was one of the six largest cities in India during Gautama Buddha WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Rajgir is a city and a notified area in Nalanda district in the Indian state of Sankassa (also Sankasia, Sankissa and Sankasya) was a city in India at the time of Gautama Buddha, thirty leagues from Savatthi. Vaishali or Vesali ( Pali) was a city the capital of the Licchavis and the Vajjian Confederacy. Paṭnā ( Hindi: पटना is the capital of the Indian state of Bihar, and one of the oldest continuously inhabited Gaya[[http //gayabihnicin/]] is a city in Bihar, India, and it is also the headquarters of Gaya District. Mathura ( IAST mathurā)( Hindi: मथुरा is a holy City in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Kapilavastu is the name of an region of ancient Shakya kingdom that is considered a holy pilgrimage place for Buddhists, located close to Lumbini. Devadaha was a township of the Sākiyans (nowadays Nepal) It is near Kapilvastu. Kesariya is a small city in Bihar, India. It is famous for being the site of (possibly the biggest Stupa of India, built by King Ashoka Pava was a city in ancient India, at the time of Gautama Buddha. Nālandā is the name of an ancient University in Bihar, India. Varanasi ( Sanskrit: वाराणसी Vārāṇasī, pronunciation) also commonly known as Benares ( or Banaras (बनारस Sanchi is a small Village in Raisen District of India, it is located 46 km north east of Bhopal, and 10 km from Besnagar and Ratnagiri was once the site of a mahavihara or major Buddhist monastery in the Brahmani and Birupa river valley in Jajpur district of Orissa, India. Ellora ( Marathi: Verul is an archaeological site 30 km (186 miles from the city of Aurangabad in the Indian state of Maharashtra Bharhut or Barhut, is a location in Satna district in Madhya Pradesh, Central India, known for its famous Buddhist Stupa. Kukkutarama was a Buddhist monastery in Pataliputra in eastern India which is famous as the location of various "Discourses at the Kukkutarama Monastery" and for The Buddha visited Kosambī on several occasions, stopping at one or other of these residences, and several discourses delivered during these visits are recorded in the books. (Thomas, op. cit. , 115, n. 2, doubts the authenticity of the stories connected with the Buddha's visits to Kosambī, holding that these stories are of later invention).
The Buddha spent his ninth rainy season at Kosambī, and it was on his way there on this occasion that he made a detour to Kammāssadamma and was offered in marriage Māgandiyā, daughter of the brahmin Māgandiya. Vassa (from Pāli vasso, Sanskrit varṣaḥ, both "rain" พรรษา pansa or phansaa; ဝါဆိုး The circumstances are narrated in connection with the Māgandiya Sutta. Māgandiyā took the Buddha's refusal as an insult to herself, and, after her marriage to King Udena (of Kosambi), tried in various ways to take revenge on the Buddha, and also on Udena's wife Sāmavatī, who had been the Buddha's follower[13].
The schism at Kosambi
A great schism once arose among the monks in Kosambī. Some monks charged one of their colleagues with having committed an offence, but he refused to acknowledge the charge and, being himself learned in the Vinaya, argued his case and pleaded that the charge be dismissed. The Vinaya (a word in Pāli as well as in Sanskrit, with literal meaning 'leading out' 'education' 'discipline' is the regulatory framework for the Buddhist The rules were complicated; on the one hand, the monk had broken a rule and was treated as an offender, but on the other, he should not have been so treated if he could not see that he had done wrong. The monk was eventually excommunicated, and this brought about a great dissension. When the matter was reported to the Buddha, he admonished the partisans of both sides and urged them to give up their differences, but they paid no heed, and even blows were exchanged. The people of Kosambī, becoming angry at the monks' behaviour, the quarrel grew apace. The Buddha once more counselled concord, relating to the monks the story of King Dīghiti of Kosala, but his efforts at reconciliation were of no avail, one of the monks actually asking him to leave them to settle their differences without his interference. In disgust the Buddha left Kosambī and, journeying through Bālakalonakāragāma and the Pācīnavamsadaya, retired alone to keep retreat in the Pārileyyaka forest. In the meantime the monks of both parties repented, partly owing to the pressure exerted by their lay followers in Kosambī, and, coming to the Buddha at Sāvatthi, they asked his pardon and settled their dispute[14]
Other events
Bakkula was the son of a banker in Kosambī[15]. In the Buddha's time there lived near the ferry at Kosambī a powerful Nāga-king, the reincarnation of a former ship's captain. The Nāga was converted by Sāgata, who thereby won great fame [16]. Rujā was born in a banker's family in Kosambī [17]. Citta-pandita was also born there[18]. A king, by name Kosambaka, once ruled there.
During the time of the Vajjian heresy, when the Vajjian monks of Vesāli wished to excommunicate Yasa Kākandakaputta, he went by air to Kosambī, and from there sent messengers to the orthodox monks in the different centres (Vin. Vajji (or Vrijji) mahajanapada was one of the principal Mahajanapadas of ancient India. ii. 298; Mhv. iv. 17).
It was at Kosambī that the Buddha promulgated a rule forbidding the use of intoxicants by monks (Vin. ii. 307).
Kosambī is mentioned in the Samyutta Nikāya[19]
Notes
- ^ J. iv. 28; vi. 236
- ^ CAGI. 448f
- ^ E. g. , UdA. 248; SNA. 300; MA. i. 535. Epic tradition ascribes the foundation of Kosambī to a Cedi prince, while the origin of the Vatsa people is traced to a king of Kāsī, see PHAI. 83, 84
- ^ e. g. , MA i. 539; PsA. 413
- ^ MA. ii. 740f; DhA. i. 164f
- ^ D. ii. 146,169
- ^ See, e. g. , Vin. i. 277
- ^ AA. i. 170; PsA. 491
- ^ See Vin. ii. 184f
- ^ Vin. ii. 290f; SNA. ii. 514; J. iv. 375
- ^ S. v. 437
- ^ PvA. 141
- ^ DhA. i. 199ff; iii. 193ff; iv. 1ff; Ud. vii. 10
- ^ Vin. i. 337-57; J. iii. 486ff (cp. iii. 211ff); DhA. i. 44ff; SA. ii. 222f. The story of the Buddha going into the forest is given in Ud. iv. 5. and in S. iii. 94, but the reason given in these texts is that he found Kosambī uncomfortable owing to the vast number of monks, lay people and heretics. But see UdA. 248f, and SA. ii. 222f).
- ^ MA. ii. 929; AA. i. 170
- ^ AA. i. 179; but see J. i. 360, where the incident is given as happening at Bhaddavatikā
- ^ J. vi. 237f
- ^ J. iv. 392
- ^ S. iv. 179; but see AA. i. 170; MA. ii. 929; PsA. 491, all of which indicate that the city was on the Yamunā) as being "Gangāya nadiyā tīre. " This is either an error, or here the name Gangā refers not to the Ganges but to the Yamunī.
References
- Early history of Kausambi, IIT Delhi archive
- Entry on Kosambi in the Buddhist Dictionary of Pali Proper Names
External links
- Entry on Kosambi in the Buddhist Dictionary of Pali Proper Names
- Description of Kausambi by the Chinese pilgrim monk Faxian (399-414 AC)
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