Koreans 한민족(韓民族)
Complex of Goguryeo Tombs
Total population
79 million (est. The Complex of Goguryeo Tombs lies in North Korea. In July 2004 it became the first UNESCO World Heritage site in the country )
Regions with significant populations
South Korea      49,044,790 (2007 est. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː )[1]  North Korea      23,301,725 (2007 est. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, )[2]korean ancestry/overseas korean without naturalization (but with the exception of China, CIS, Japan by reason of Korean diaspora) Source : Korea Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade 외교통상부[1] Korean : [2] English : [3] [4] [5]
China 2,439,395  United States 2,087,496  Japan 901,284  CIS (incl. Naturalization is the acquisition of Citizenship or Nationality by somebody who was not a citizen or national of that country when he or she was born The terms gyopo (교포 or dongpo (동포 in Korean refers to persons of Korean ethnic descent who have lived the majority of their lives outside The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade is in charge of diplomacy for South Korea, as well as handling external trade and matters related to overseas Korean Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Russia) 532,697  Canada 198,170  Australia 84,316  Brazil 50,296  Philippines 46,000  United Kingdom 40,810  Argentina 35,000  Germany 32,068  New Zealand 31,500  Indonesia 23,205  Thailand 19,500  Vietnam 16,576  Mexico 14,571  France 13,162
Languages
Korean speakers: 78 million[3]
Religions
Secular, Buddhism, Christianity, Cheondoism. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language See Hangul for details on the native Korean writing system Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Cheondoism or Chondoism (in Korean Hangul 천도교 Cheondogyo, " Religion of the Heavenly Way" is a 20th-century Background of Confucianism and Korean shamanism. Confucianism ( is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of the fifth century B Korean shamanism encompasses a variety of indigenous beliefs and practices that have been influenced by Buddhism and Taoism.

The Korean people are an East Asian ethnic group ^[4]. Most Koreans speak the Korean language. This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language See Hangul for details on the native Korean writing system

Contents 1 Names 2 Origins 2.1 Regional differences 3 Culture 4 Language 5 North Korea data 6 Koreans outside of the Korean peninsula 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links

Names

South Koreans call Koreans Han-guk-in (or simply 한인/Han-in for South Koreans living abroad) (한국인; 韓國人) or informally Hanguk saram (한국 사람; 韓國 사람), while North Koreans call Koreans Chosŏn-in (조선인; 朝鮮人) or Chosŏn saram (조선 사람; 朝鮮 사람). South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, See Names of Korea, Korean romanization, Hangul;한글 and Hanja;한자. There are various names of Korea in use today derived from ancient kingdoms and dynasties Korean romanization is a system for representing the Korean language using the Roman alphabet

Origins

Koreans are believed to be descendents of Altaic-^[5][6] or proto-Altaic^[7]-speaking tribes, linking them with Mongolians, Tungusics, Turkics, and other Central Asians. Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East The term Tungusic peoples is used to describe peoples speaking a Tungusic language. The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south Archaeological evidence suggest proto-Koreans were Altaic-language-speaking migrants from south-central Siberia,^[8] who populated ancient Korea in successive waves from the neolithic age to the Bronze Age^[9]. Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving The Liaoning bronze dagger culture is an archeological complex of the late Bronze Age in Northeast Asia The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for

Recent advances in the study of polymorphisms in the human Y-chromosome have produced evidence to suggest that the Korean people have a very long history as a distinct, mostly endogamous ethnic group, as male Koreans display a high frequency of Y-chromosomes belonging to Haplogroup O2b that are more or less specific to Korean populations. In Human genetics, a Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a Haplogroup defined by differences in the non- recombining portions of DNA from the Haplogroup O2b (SRY465 aka M176 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

Though they have interbred to some extent with other East Asian ethnic groups over the ages, for the most part Koreans still display phenotypes revealing their Altaic origins. These features include higher cheekbones, and the Mongolian spot, a genetic predisposition for a bluish birthmark on the lower body which remains until early childhood; however, the Mongolian spot is also extremely common among non-Altaic people of Chinese, African, Native American, or East Indian ancestry. A Mongolian Spot, Mongolian Fleck or Mongolian Blue Spot is a Benign flat congenital Birthmark with wavy borders and irregular shape ^[10]

Regional differences

Significant regional differences exist.

Within South Korea, the most important regional difference is between the Gyeongsang region, embracing Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do provinces in the southeast, and the Jeolla region, embracing Jeollabuk-do and Jeollanam-do provinces in the southwest. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Gyeongsang ( Gyeongsang-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. Gyeongsangbuk-do (North Gyeongsang is a province in eastern South Korea. Gyeongsangnam-do (South Gyeongsang is a province in the southeast of South Korea. Jeolla ( Jeolla-do in Korean formerly spelled Cholla or Chŏlla) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty Jeollabuk-do (North Jeolla is a province in the southwest of South Korea. Jeollanam-do (South Jeolla is a province in the southwest of South Korea. The two regions, separated by the Jiri Massif, nurture a rivalry said to reach back to the Three Kingdoms Period, which lasted from the fourth century to the seventh century A. The Three Kingdoms of Korea ( refer to the ancient Korean kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla, which dominated the Korean peninsula D. , when the kingdoms of Baekje and Silla struggled for control of the peninsula. Baekje (18 BCE – 660 CE or Paekche, was a kingdom located in southwest Korea Silla (57 BC – 935 AD was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.

Observers noted that interregional marriages are rare, and that as of 1990 a new fourlane highway completed in 1984 between Gwangju and Daegu, the capitals of Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do, completed in 1984, had not been successful in promoting travel between the two areas. Gwangju Metropolitan City is the sixth largest city in South Korea. Daegu (pronounced) also spelled Taegu (pronounced) officially called Daegu Metropolitan City, is the fourth largest city in South Korea after

South Korea's political elite, including presidents Park Chung-hee, Chun Doo-hwan, and Roh Tae-woo, have come largely from the Gyeongsang region. Park Chung-hee ( November 14, 1917 – October 26, 1979) was a former ROK Army general and the autocratic dictator of the Republic Chun Doo-hwan (born 18 January, 1931) was former ROK Army general and the President of South Korea from 1980 to 1988 Roh Tae-woo (born December 4, 1932 in Daegu, South Korea) is a former ROK Army general and politician As a result, Gyeongsang has been a special beneficiary of government development assistance.

By contrast, the Jeolla region has remained comparatively rural, undeveloped, and poor. Chronically disaffected, its people rightly or wrongly have a reputation for rebelliousness. Regional bitterness was intensified by the May 1980 Gwangju massacre, in which about 200 and perhaps many more inhabitants of the capital of Jeollanam-do were killed by Chun Doo-hwan's troops sent to quell the citizens and student's demonstration against military coup regime. The Gwangju Democratization Movement ( Hangul: 광주 민주화운동 refers to a popular uprising in the city of Gwangju, Chun Doo-hwan (born 18 January, 1931) was former ROK Army general and the President of South Korea from 1980 to 1988 The demonstration against military regime occurred all over the country, but only Gwangju was heavily damaged. Many of the troops were reportedly from the Gyeongsang region.

Regional stereotypes, like regional dialects, have been breaking down under the influence of centralized education, nationwide media, and the several decades of population movement since the Korean War. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the Stereotypes remain important, however, in the eyes of many South Koreans. For example, the people of Gyeonggi-do, surrounding Seoul, are often described as being cultured, and Chungcheong people, inhabiting the region embracing Chungcheongbuk-do and Chungcheongnam-do provinces, are thought to be mild-mannered, manifesting true yangban virtues. Gyeonggi-do is the most populous province in South Korea. The provincial capital is located at Suwon. Chungcheong ( Chungcheong-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. Chungcheongbuk-do (North Chungcheong is a province in the centre of South Korea. Chungcheongnam-do (South Chungcheong is a province in the west of South Korea. The yangban were a well educated scholarly class of male Confucian intellectuals who were part of the ruling elite within Korea prior to 1910 and the republics period The people of Gangwon-do in the northeast were viewed as poor and stolid, while Koreans from the northern provinces of Pyongan, Hwanghae, and Hamgyong, now in North Korea, are perceived as being diligent and aggressive. P'yŏngan ( P'yŏngan-do) was one of the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. Haixi redirects here For the automobile manufacturer see Huanghai Bus Factory. Hamgyŏng ( Hamgyŏng-do) was one of the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. Jeju-do is known for its strong-minded and independent women. Jeju-do ( transliterated Korean for Jeju Province, short form of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province) is the only special self-governing province

Culture

Main articles: Culture of Korea, contemporary culture of North Korea, and contemporary culture of South Korea

North Korea and South Korea share a common heritage, but the political division since 1944 has resulted in some divergence of modern culture. This article is about the traditional culture of Korea. For the modern culture see Culture of North Korea and Culture of South Korea This article is about the contemporary culture of North Korea The contemporary culture of South Korea developed from the traditional Culture of Korea, but since the 1948 Division of Korea, it has developed separately The division of Korea into North Korea and South Korea stems from the 1945 Allied victory in World War II, ending Japan

Language

Main articles: Korean language and Hangul

The language of the Korean people is the Korean language, which uses hangul as its main writing system. This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language See Hangul for details on the native Korean writing system This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language See Hangul for details on the native Korean writing system There are around 78 million speakers of the Korean language worldwide. ^[11]

North Korea data

Estimating the size, growth rate, sex ratio, and age structure of North Korea's population has been extremely difficult. Until release of official data in 1989, the 1963 edition of the North Korea Central Yearbook was the last official publication to disclose population figures. After 1963 demographers used varying methods to estimate the population. They either totaled the number of delegates elected to the Supreme People's Assembly (each delegate representing 50,000 people before 1962 and 30,000 people afterward) or relied on official statements that a certain number of persons, or percentage of the population, was engaged in a particular activity. The Supreme People's Assembly (SPA is the Unicameral Parliament of North Korea (DPRK Thus, on the basis of remarks made by President Kim Il Sung in 1977 concerning school attendance, the population that year was calculated at 17. Kim Il-sung ( 15 April 1912 – 8 July 1994) was the leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from its founding in early 2 million persons. During the 1980s, health statistics, including life expectancy and causes of mortality, were gradually made available to the outside world.

In 1989 the Central Statistics Bureau released demographic data to the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) in order to secure the UNFPA's assistance in holding North Korea's first nationwide census since the establishment of the state in 1948. The United Nations Population Fund ( UNFPA) began operations in 1969 as the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (the name was changed in 1987 A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population Although the figures given to the United Nations might have been distorted, it appears that in line with other attempts to open itself to the outside world, the North Korean regime has also opened somewhat in the demographic realm. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Although the country lacks trained demographers, accurate data on household registration, migration, and births and deaths are available to North Korean authorities. According to the United States scholar Nicholas Eberstadt and demographer Judith Banister, vital statistics and personal information on residents are kept by agencies on the ri (“village”, the local administrative unit) level in rural areas and the dong (“district” or “block”) level in urban areas. The administrative divisions of North Korea are organized into three hierarchical levels

Koreans outside of the Korean peninsula

Main article: Korean diaspora

Large-scale emigration from Korea began as early as the mid-1860s, mainly into the Russian Far East and Northeast China; these emigrants became the ancestors of the 2 million ethnic Koreans in China and several hundred thousand ethnic Koreans in Central Asia. This a survey of the Postage stamps and Postal history of Russia. Viktor Robertovich Tsoi ( Russian: Виктор Робертович Цой ( June 21, 1962 – August 15, 1990) was a famous The terms gyopo (교포 or dongpo (동포 in Korean refers to persons of Korean ethnic descent who have lived the majority of their lives outside Russian Far East (Да́льний Восто́к Росси́и ˈdalʲnʲɪj vʌˈstok rʌˈsʲiɪ is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i Northeast China ( is a geographical region of China. It is separated from Russia largely by the Amur, Argun, and Ussuri rivers from The population of Koreans in China include millions of descendants of Korean immigrants with citizenship of the People's Republic of China, as well as smaller groups Koryo-saram (Корё сарам Hangul: 고려사람 is the name which ethnic Koreans in the Post-Soviet states use to refer to themselves ^[12][13] During the Japanese colonial period of 1910-1945, Koreans were often recruited and or forced into labour service to work in mainland Japan, Karafuto Prefecture, and Manchukuo; the ones who chose to remain in Japan at the end of the war became known as Zainichi Koreans, while the roughly 40 thousand who were trapped in Karafuto after the Soviet invasion are typically referred to as Sakhalin Koreans. Korea under Japanese rule refers to the period between 1910 and 1945 when Korea was forcibly annexed by the Japanese Empire. is a term to distinguish the area of Japan from its outlying territories History Japanese settlement on Sakhalin dates to at least the Edo period. Manchukuo (ja [[wikt満州国 満州国]] Manshūkoku lit "State of Manchuria " was a Puppet state in Manchuria and eastern Statistics According to the statistics at Immigration Bureau of Japan there were 593489 Koreans in Japan in 2007 Sakhalin Koreans ( Russian: Сахалинские корейцы/ Sakhalinskie Koreytsi or Корейцы Сахалина/ Koreytsi Sakhalina; Korean ^[14][15] Korean emigration to America was known to have begun as early as 1903, but the Korean American community did not grow to a significant size until after the passage of the Immigration Reform Act of 1965; as of 2007, roughly 2 million Koreans emigrants and people of Korean descent live in the United States. Korean Americans ( Korean: ko 한국계 미국인 Hanja: ko 韓國系美國人 hangukgye migugin) are Americans of Korean origin The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 ( Hart-Celler Act, INS Act of 1965,) abolished the national-origin Quotas that had been in place in the

Large Koreatowns can also be found in Australia, Brazil, and Canada. Koreatown ( Korean: 코리아타운 is a term to describe the Korean ethnic enclave within a City or Metropolitan area. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The largest Korean community outside of Korea is in Los Angeles, California. Koreans in the United Kingdom now form Western Europe's largest Korean community; Koreans in Germany used to outnumber the ones in the UK until the late 1990s. Koreans in the United Kingdom form a rapidly growing community Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' Koreans in Germany numbered 32068 individuals As of 2005, making them the 9th-largest community of overseas Koreans worldwide and the third-largest in There are also Koreatowns in Latin American countries such as Argentina, Guatemala, and Mexico. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. During the 1990s and 2000s, the number of Koreans in the Philippines and Koreans in Vietnam have also grown significantly. Koreans in the Philippines, largely consisting of Expatriates from South Korea, form the largest community of Overseas Koreans in Southeast Asia Koreans in Vietnam came initially in a military capacity fighting on both sides of the Vietnam War. ^[16][17]

The Korean population in the United States is a small share of the US economy, but it has a disproportionately favorable impact. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Koreans in the United States have a saving rate double that of the average American. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Koreans in the United States graduate from college at a rate double that of the average American providing a highly skilled and educated addition to the US workforce. College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. Workforce (Voyager episode The workforce is the labour pool in Employment. The second generation of Koreans has an average income 70% above that of the average American, indicating both their attainment and the contribution they make to the US economy. Income, refers to consumption opportunity gained by an entity within a specified time frame which is generally expressed in monetary terms Marcus Noland, an expert on South Korea, the Korean economy, North Korea, and outlook for Korean unification, has claimed that if somehow the Korean-American population were to double, the US would experience a growth rate of per capita income by 0. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, Korean reunification is a possible future Reunification of North Korea and South Korea under a single government Korean Americans ( Korean: ko 한국계 미국인 Hanja: ko 韓國系美國人 hangukgye migugin) are Americans of Korean origin In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology 1 to 0. 2 percent.

See also

• Korean diaspora
• Koryo-saram (Koreans of the former Soviet Union)
• Koreatown
• Demographics of North Korea
• Demographics of South Korea
• List of Korea-related topics

Notes

References

• This article contains material from the Library of Congress Country Studies, which are United States government publications in the public domain. The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress ( USA) freely available for use by researchers The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
• 서의식 and 강봉룡. 뿌리 깊은 한국사, 샘이 깊은 이야기: 고조선, 삼국, ISBN 89-8133-536-2
• Barnes, Gina. The Rise of Civilization in East Asia: the Archaeology of China, Korea and Japan, ISBN 05-0027-974-8

External links

• Korean Food Glossary
• Korean American Museum
• Korean Residents Union in Japan (Mindan)

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