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For other uses, see Konrad Adenauer (disambiguation).
Konrad Adenauer
Konrad Adenauer
In office
September 15, 1949 – October 16, 1963
Preceded by Count Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk (1945)
Succeeded by Ludwig Erhard
Born January 5, 1876 (1876-01-05)
Cologne
Died April 19, 1967 (aged 91)
Bad Honnef
Political party Centre Party, CDU
Spouse Emma Weyer
Auguste (Gussie) Zinsser
Alma mater University of Freiburg
University of Munich
University of Bonn
Occupation Lawyer, Politician
Religion Roman Catholic

Konrad Hermann Josef Adenauer (IPA: [ˈkɔnʁaːt ˈhɛɐman ˈjozef ˈaːdenaʊɐ]), January 5, 1876 – April 19, 1967) was a German statesman. The Head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (Kanzler Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Johann Ludwig (Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, (22 August 1887 4 March 1977 was a German jurist and senior government official "Erhard" redirects here For the saint of this name see Saint Erhard. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Bad Honnef is a Spa town in Germany near Bonn in the Rhein-Sieg district North Rhine-Westphalia. The German Centre Party ( Deutsche Zentrumspartei or merely Zentrum) was a Catholic political party in Germany during the Kaiserreich The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München also known as LMU, is a University in Munich and with more The University of Bonn ( German: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn) is a public research university located in Bonn, Germany A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A statesman or stateswoman or statesperson is usually a Politician or other notable figure of State who has had a long and respected career in Although his political career spanned sixty years, beginning as early as 1906, he is most noted for his role as the first Chancellor of West Germany from 1949–1963 and chairman of the Christian Democratic Union from 1950 to 1966. The Head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (Kanzler West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. He was the oldest chancellor ever to serve Germany, leaving at the age of eighty-seven. See also List of German Presidents by longevity List of German Ministers-Presidents by longevity List of German Federal

Contents

Biography

Early life

Konrad Adenauer was born as the third of five children of Johann Konrad Adenauer (1833-1906) and his wife Helene (1849-1919) (née Scharfenberg) in Cologne, Rhenish Prussia. The Rhine Province (Rheinprovinz also known as Rhenish Prussia ( Rheinpreußen) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free His siblings were August (1872-1952), Johannes (1873-1937), Lilli (1879-1950) and Elisabeth, who died shortly after birth. In 1894, he completed his Abitur and started to study law and politics at the universities of Freiburg, Munich and Bonn. Abitur (from Latin abire = go away go off is a designation used in Germany and Finland for final exams that young adults take at the end of The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München also known as LMU, is a University in Munich and with more The University of Bonn ( German: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn) is a public research university located in Bonn, Germany He was a member of several Roman Catholic students’ associations under the K.St.V. Arminia Bonn in Bonn. The Katholischer Studentenverein Arminia (Catholic Students Society Arminia is one of Germany 's oldest Catholic He finished his studies in 1901. Afterwards he worked as a lawyer at the court in Cologne.

Early political career

As a devout Roman Catholic, he joined the Centre Party in 1906 and was elected to Cologne’s city council in the same year. The German Centre Party ( Deutsche Zentrumspartei or merely Zentrum) was a Catholic political party in Germany during the Kaiserreich In 1909, he became Vice-Mayor of Cologne. From 1917 to 1933, he served as Mayor of Cologne. He had the unpleasant task of heading Cologne in the era of British occupation following the First World War and lasting until 1926. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All He managed to establish faithful relations with the British military authorities and flirted with Rhenish separatism (a Rhenish state as part of Germany, but outside Prussia). The Rhenish Republic (Rheinische Republik was proclaimed at Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle in October 1923 during the Occupation of the Ruhr by troops from France Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state During the Weimar Republic, he was president of the Prussian State Council (Preußischer Staatsrat) from 1922 to 1933, which was the representative of the Prussian cities and provinces. The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933

When the Nazis came to power in 1933, the Centre Party lost the elections in Cologne and Adenauer fled to the abbey of Maria Laach, threatened by the new government after he refused to shake hands with a local Nazi leader. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Maria Laach Abbey (in German: Abtei Maria Laach, in Latin: Abbatia Maria Lacensis or Abbatia Maria ad Lacum) is a Benedictine His stay at this abbey, which lasted for a year, was cited by its abbot after the war, when accused by Heinrich Böll and others of collaboration with the Nazis. Heinrich Theodor Böll ( December 21, 1917 — July 16, 1985) was one of Germany 's foremost post- World War II writers

He was imprisoned briefly after the Night of the Long Knives in mid-1934. The Night of the Long Knives (German) or " Operation Hummingbird " was a Purge that took place in Nazi Germany between June 30 and July Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. During the next two years, he changed residences often for fear of reprisals against him by the Nazis. In 1937, he was successful in claiming at least some compensation for his once confiscated house and managed to live in seclusion for some years.

According to Albert Speer in his book Spandau: The Secret Diaries, Hitler expressed admiration for Adenauer, noting his building of a road circling the city as a bypass, and of a “green belt” of parks. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, commonly known as Albert Speer ( 19 March 1905 - 1 September 1981 was an Architect, author and for part of World However, both Hitler and Speer felt that Adenauer’s political views and principles made it impossible for him to play any role within the Nazi movement or be helpful to the Nazi party. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945

After the failed assassination attempt on Hitler in 1944, he was imprisoned for a second time as an opponent of the regime. The Gestapo could not prove he played an active role in the plot and he was released some weeks later. The ( contraction of ge heime Sta ats' po' lizei: "Secret State Police" was the official Secret police of Nazi Germany Shortly after the war ended the Americans installed him again as Mayor of Cologne, but the British administration dismissed him for what they said was his alleged incompetence. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Post World War II and the founding of the CDU

After his dismissal as Mayor of Cologne, Adenauer devoted himself to building a new political party, the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), which hoped would embrace both Protestants and Roman Catholics in a single party. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including This is a list of mayors of Cologne. It includes the Lord Mayors of Cologne ( Oberbürgermeister der Stadt Köln) since 1815 as well as the city The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. In January 1946, Adenauer initiated a political meeting of the future CDU in the British zone in his role as doyen (the oldest man in attendance, Alterspräsident) and was informally confirmed as its leader. Adenauer worked diligently at building up contacts and support in the CDU over the next years, and he sought with varying success to impose his particular ideology on the party. His was an ideology at odds with many in the CDU, who wished to unite socialism and Christianity; Adenauer preferred to stress the dignity of the individual, and he considered both communism and Nazism materialist world views that violated human dignity. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German

Adenauer’s leading role in the CDU of the British zone won him a position at the Parliamentary Council of 1948, called into existence by the Western Allies to draft a constitution for the three western zones of Germany. The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland is the Constitution of Germany. In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. He was the chairman of this constitutional convention and vaulted from this position to being chosen as the first head of government once the new “Basic Law” had been promulgated in May 1949. The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland is the Constitution of Germany.

Chancellor of West Germany

At the German federal election, 1949, Adenauer became the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundeskanzler) after World War II. The Head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (Kanzler The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including He held this position from 1949 to 1963, a period which spans most of the preliminary phase of the Cold War. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the During this period, the post-war division of Germany was consolidated with the establishment of two separate German states, the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state The first elections to the Bundestag of West Germany were held on August 15, 1949, with the Christian Democrats emerging as the strongest party. The Bundestag ("Federal Diet " or "Lower House of German Parliament" is the Parliament of Germany. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Theodor Heuss was elected first President of the Republic, and Adenauer was elected Chancellor on September 16, 1949. Theodor Heuss ( 31 January 1884 &ndash 12 December 1963) was a German politician Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Adenauer’s achievements include the establishment of a stable democracy in defeated Germany, a lasting reconciliation with France, a general political reorientation towards the West, recovering limited but far-reaching sovereignty for West Germany by firmly integrating it with the emerging Euro-Atlantic community (NATO and the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation). This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The North Atlantic Treaty Adenauer is associated with establishing an efficient pension system, which ensured unparalleled prosperity for retired persons, and - along with his Minister for Economic Affairs and successor, Ludwig Erhard - with the West German model of a “social market economy” (a mixed economy with capitalism moderated by elements of social welfare and Catholic social teaching), which allowed for the boom period known as the Wirtschaftswunder (“economic miracle”) and produced broad prosperity. A pension is a steady income given to a person upon Retirement, typically in the form of a guaranteed annuity. "Erhard" redirects here For the saint of this name see Saint Erhard. The social market economy was the main economic model used in Western and Northern Europe during the Cold War era A mixed economy is an Economic system that incorporates aspects of more than one economic system Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where "Social welfare" redirects here For other uses see Welfare A social welfare provision refers to any program which seeks to provide Catholic social teaching encompasses aspects of Catholic doctrine relating to matters dealing with the collective welfare of humanity The term ( German for "economic miracle" describes the rapid reconstruction and development of the economies of West Germany and Austria Thus, Adenauer ensured a truly free and democratic society which had been almost unknown to the German people before - notwithstanding that more or less hopeless attempt between 1919 and 1933 (the Weimar Republic) - and which is today not just normal but also deeply integrated into modern German society. The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933 He thereby laid the groundwork for the Western world to trust Germany again. Precisely because of Adenauer’s former policy, a later reunification of both German states was possible. A unified Germany has remained part of the European Union and NATO. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The North Atlantic Treaty

Plaque commemorating the restoration of relations between Germany and France, showing Adenauer and Charles de Gaulle.
Plaque commemorating the restoration of relations between Germany and France, showing Adenauer and Charles de Gaulle. Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( ( 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French General and statesman who led the Free French

However, contemporary critics accused Adenauer of cementing the division of Germany, sacrificing reunification and the recovery of territories lost to Poland and the Soviet Union for the sake of speedy integration into the West. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 During the Cold War, he advocated West German rearmament and mandatory conscription as an answer to a similar development in East Germany. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the Conscription (also known as the draft, the call-up or national service) is a general term for involuntary labor demanded by some established authority The 1952 Stalin Note offered to unify the two German states into a single, neutral, disarmed Germany to effect superpower disengagement from Central Europe. The Stalin Note, also known as the March Note, was a document delivered to the representatives of the Western allied powers ( Britain, France, and the Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Adenauer shared the Western Allies’ suspicion about the genuineness of that offer and supported the Allies in their cautious replies. Adenauer’s critics, especially on the nationalist side, denounced him for having missed an opportunity for early German reunification. German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung took place twice after 1945 first in 1957 the Saarland was permitted to join the Federal Republic of Germany Adenauer’s defenders claimed, and continue to argue, that given the realities of the Cold War, reunification and the recovery of lost territories were not realistic goals. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the

Others criticize his era as culturally and politically conservative, which sought to base the entire social and political make-up of West Germany around the personal views of a single person, one who bore a certain amount of mistrust towards his own people.

The West German student movement of the late 1960s was essentially a protest against the conservatism Adenauer had personified. Another point of criticism was that Adenauer’s commitment to reconciliation with France was in stark contrast to a certain indifference towards Communist Poland. Like all other major West German political parties of the time, the CDU refused to recognize the annexation of former German territories given by the Soviets to Poland, and openly talked about regaining these territories after strengthening West Germany’s position in Europe.

In retrospect, mainly positive assessments of his chancellorship prevail, not only with the German public, which voted him the “greatest German of all time” in a 2003 television poll, but even with some of today’s left-wing intellectuals, who praise his unconditional commitment to western-style democracy and European integration.

Additional actions as Chancellor

For all of his efforts as West Germany’s leader, Adenauer was named Time magazine’s Man of the Year in 1953. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally Person of the Year (formerly Man of the Year) is an annual issue of the United States Newsmagazine Time that features and profiles In 1954, he received the Karlspreis (English: Charlemagne Award), an Award by the German city of Aachen to people who contributed to the European idea and European peace. The Karlspreis ( Charlemagne Prize; Prix Charlemagne; full name originally Internationaler Karlspreis der Stadt Aachen ( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French,

Adenauer found relaxation and great enjoyment in the Italian game of bocce and spent a great deal of his post political career playing the game. Bocce (or Bocci, or Boccie) is a precision Sport belonging to the Boules sport family closely related to Bowls and Pétanque Video footage of his games can be seen in various segments from the German Festival Documentary and from the History Channel special about Adenauer.

When, in 1967, after his death at the age of 91, Germans were asked what they admired most about Adenauer, the majority responded that he had brought home the last German prisoners of war from the USSR, which had become known as the “Return of the 10,000”. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991

Assassination attempt

On March 27, 1952, a package addressed to Chancellor Adenauer exploded in the Munich Police Headquarters, killing one police officer. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Two boys who had been paid to send this package by mail had brought it to the attention of the police. Investigations led to people closely related to the Herut Party and the former Irgun organization. This article is about the political party For other uses see Herut (disambiguation. Irgun (ארגון shorthand for HaIrgun HaTzva'i HaLe'umi BeEretz Yisra'el, he הארגון הצבאי הלאומי בארץ ישראל "National Military Organization The German government kept all proof under seal. Five Israeli suspects identified by French and German investigators were allowed to return to Israel.

One of the participants, Eliezer Sudit, later indicated that the mastermind behind the attempt was Menachem Begin who would later become the Prime Minister of Israel. (מְנַחֵם בְּגִין Mieczysław Biegun Менахем Вольфович Бегин 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992 was the sixth prime minister of the State of Israel For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. [1] Begin had been the former commander of Irgun and at that time headed Herut and was a member of the Knesset. For Beit Knesset a Jewish Place of worship, see Synagogue. The Knesset (כנסת lit His goal was to undermine the attempts of the German government to seek friendly relations with Israel. [2]

David Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister of Israel, appreciated Adenauer’s response in playing down the affair and not pursuing it further, as it would have burdened the relationship between the two new states.

In June 2006 a slightly different version of this story appeared in Germany’s leading newspaper, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, quoted by The Guardian. FAZ Building 2jpg|thumb|300px|right| Editorial department building of Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung ]]The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (English The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Begin had offered to sell his gold watch as the conspirators ran out of money. The bomb was hidden in an encyclopaedia and it killed a bomb-disposal expert, injuring two others. Adenauer was targeted because he was sending Holocaust reparations to the Israeli government, whereas Begin felt passionately that the money should go to the individual victims. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as Sudit, the story’s source, explained that the “intent was not to hit Adenauer but to rouse the international media. It was clear to all of us there was no chance the package would reach Adenauer. ” The five conspirators were arrested by the French police, in Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city They “were [former] members of the . . . Irgun” (the organisation had been disbanded in 1948, 4 years earlier). Irgun (ארגון shorthand for HaIrgun HaTzva'i HaLe'umi BeEretz Yisra'el, he הארגון הצבאי הלאומי בארץ ישראל "National Military Organization [3]

Political scandals

Main article: Spiegel scandal

In 1962, a scandal erupted when police under cabinet orders arrested five Der Spiegel journalists, charging them with high treason, specifically for publishing a memo detailing alleged weaknesses in the West German armed forces. The Spiegel scandal of 1962 (Spiegel-Affäre was one of the major political scandals in Germany in the era following World War II. The Spiegel scandal of 1962 (Spiegel-Affäre was one of the major political scandals in Germany in the era following World War II. Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force Der Spiegel (pronounced /deːɐ ˈʃpiːɡəl/ German for "The Mirror" is a German weekly Magazine, published in Hamburg See also Treason, High treason in the United Kingdom High treason is criminal disloyalty to one's country For the military meaning see Armed forces. For the Soviet sports society see Armed Forces (sports society Armed Forces The cabinet members, belonging to the Free Democratic Party, left their positions in November 1962, and Defense Minister Franz Josef Strauss, himself the chairman of the Christian Social Union, was dismissed, followed by the remaining Christian Democratic Union cabinet members. The Free Democratic Party ( Freie Demokratische Partei, FDP is a liberal Political party in Germany. Franz Josef Strauss (Franz Josef Strauß (fʁants jozɛf ʃtraʊs ( September 6, 1915 – October 3, 1988) was a German The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. Adenauer managed to remain in office for almost another year, but was eventually forced to resign and was succeeded as Chancellor by Ludwig Erhard. "Erhard" redirects here For the saint of this name see Saint Erhard. He did remain chairman of the CDU until 1966.

Adenauer ministries

First ministry

Changes

Second ministry

Changes

Third ministry

Changes

Fourth ministry

Changes

3 pioneers of the European unification commemorative coin
3 pioneers of the European unification commemorative coin

Adenauer in numismatics

Adenauer has left such a legacy behind, that he was the main motive for one of the most recent and famous gold commemorative coin: the Belgian 3 pioneers of the European unification commemorative coin, minted in 2002. Euro gold and silver commemorative coins are special Euro coins minted and issued by member states of the Eurozone, mainly in Gold and Euro gold and silver commemorative coins are special Euro coins minted and issued by member states of the Eurozone, mainly in Gold and The obverse side shows a portrait with the names Robert Schuman, Paul-Henri Spaak and Konrad Adenauer. Robert Schuman (29 June 1886 4 September 1963 was a noted French Statesman Paul Henri Charles Spaak (25 January 1899 - 31 July 1972 was a Belgian Socialist Politician and Statesman.

References

  1. ^ Interview with H. Sietz, investigator (German)
  2. ^ Background history of assassination attempt (German)
  3. ^ Menachem Begin 'plotted to kill German chancellor' | Special reports | Guardian Unlimited

External links

Political offices
Preceded by
Count Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk
(as Reichskanzler)		 Chancellor of Germany
1949–1963		 Succeeded by
Ludwig Erhard
Preceded by
Count Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk		 Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs
1951–1955		 Succeeded by
Heinrich von Brentano di Tremezzo
Persondata
NAME Adenauer, Konrad
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Konrad Hermann Josef Adenauer
SHORT DESCRIPTION Chancellor of Germany
DATE OF BIRTH January 5, 1876 (1876-01-05)
PLACE OF BIRTH Cologne, Germany
DATE OF DEATH April 19, 1967
PLACE OF DEATH Bad Honnef
Johann Ludwig (Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, (22 August 1887 4 March 1977 was a German jurist and senior government official The Head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (Kanzler "Erhard" redirects here For the saint of this name see Saint Erhard. Johann Ludwig (Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, (22 August 1887 4 March 1977 was a German jurist and senior government official This page lists State Secretaries for Foreign Affairs under the German Empire (1871-1919 Reich Ministers of Foreign Affairs (1919-1945 and Federal Ministers of Foreign Heinrich von Brentano di Tremezzo ( June 6, 1904 - November 14 1964) was a German conservative politician ( CDU) and lawyer The Head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (Kanzler Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Bad Honnef is a Spa town in Germany near Bonn in the Rhein-Sieg district North Rhine-Westphalia.
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