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A typical view of the Konkan, consisting of white-sand beaches and palm trees (mostly coconut and betel nut).
A typical view of the Konkan, consisting of white-sand beaches and palm trees (mostly coconut and betel nut).

The Konkan (Marathi: कोकण), also called the Konkan Coast or Karavali, is a rugged section of the western coastline of India from Raigad to Mangalore. Karavali ( Tulu ಕರಾವಳಿ) is the geographical area covered by sea-coast of Karnataka. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Mangalore ( Kannada:, Mangalūru; Tulu: Kudla, ಕುಡ್ಲ Konkani: Kodial, ಕೊಡಿಯಾಲ್ It includes Mumbai Region and Thane District. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Thane ( Marathi / Konkani: ठाणे (formerly Thana) is a city in Maharashtra The sapta-Konkan is a slightly larger region described in the Skanda-purana.

Konkan Division is also one of six administrative sub-divisions of the state of Maharashtra, comprising of its costal districts. Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India.

Residents of Konkan and their descendants are called Konkanis. The name may also refer specifically to the Konkani people, an ethnic group of the region; most of them speak the Konkani language, which is from the Indo-European family of languages. Konkani people form an ethnic group mainly found in the Konkan Coast of western India who speak the Konkani language natively Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST

The Sanskrit term Konkanastha (कोंकणस्थ), meaning "Resident of Konkan". Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical

Contents

Boundaries

Map of the Konkan 1740AD.
Map of the Konkan 1740AD.

The precise definition of Konkan varies, but most include Maharashtra's districts of Raigad, Mumbai, Thane, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg, the state of Goa, and the Uttar Kannada, Udupi and Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka. Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Thane ( Marathi / Konkani: ठाणे (formerly Thana) is a city in Maharashtra WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ratnāgiri ( Marathi:रत्नागिरी is a port city on the Arabian Sea coast Sindhudurg ( Marathi सिंधुदुर्ग is a fortress which occupies an islet in the Arabian Sea, just off the coast of Maharashtra in western Goa ( Konkani: गोंय /ɡɔ̃j/ is India 's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. Uttara Kannada ( Kannada ಉತ್ತರ ಕನ್ನಡ) is a district in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. Udupi ( Kannada, Tulu: ಉಡುಪಿ Odipu, Konkani - उडुपी) is a city and the headquarters of the Udupi District in Dakshina Kannada ( Kannada & Tulu:ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ (earlier known as South Kanara, or South Canara) is a coastal Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India The cities of Mumbai and Mangalore are geographically a part of the Konkan. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Mangalore ( Kannada:, Mangalūru; Tulu: Kudla, ಕುಡ್ಲ Konkani: Kodial, ಕೊಡಿಯಾಲ್

The sapta-Konkan as depicted in Skanda-purana stretches from Maharashtra to Karnataka . This is actually logical since there are a lot of similarities in the food-habits (rice and fish), crops cultivated (rice, mangoes, cashews and jackfruit) and the physique (tall and well-built) of people dwelling in this area. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many Mangoes belong to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous species of tropical fruiting Trees in the Flowering plant family Anacardiaceae The cashew ( Anacardium occidentale; Syn Anacardium curatellifolium A See also Mangifera caesia The jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus) is a species of Tree of the mulberry family ( Moraceae)

The Konkan division

Map of the districts comprising the Konkan division of Maharashtra.
Map of the districts comprising the Konkan division of Maharashtra. Maharashtra state is made up of 35 districts which are grouped into six divisions

The Konkan division of Maharashtra comprises the entire coastal region of the state, including Mumbai. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial

History of administrative districts in Konkan Division

There have been changes in the names of Districts and has seen also the addition of newer districts after India gained Independence in 1947 and also after the state of Maharashtra was formed.

Political Konkan

Politically, the Konkan vibhag (division) is one of six divisions of the state of Maharashtra on the western coast of South Asia or the Indian subcontinent. Thane (pronounced Thaanai by the locals is a district in northern Maharashtra state in western India. Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. Maharashtra Konkan is divided into the districts of Sindhudurg, Ratnagiri, Raigad, Thane, Bombay Urban and Bombay Suburban. Sindhudurg (सिंधुदूर्ग in Marathi is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India, which was carved out of the erstwhile WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ratnāgiri ( Marathi:रत्नागिरी is a port city on the Arabian Sea coast WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Thane ( Marathi / Konkani: ठाणे (formerly Thana) is a city in Maharashtra

The actual Konkan, however, is much larger than the Maharashtra Konkan, with its far north included in Gujarat, Daman, Dadra & Nagar-Haveli, and its far south forming the entirety of Goa and part of Uttara Kanara district of Karnataka state of India.

Geography

The Sahyadri Mountain range ("Western Ghats") forms the eastern boundary of the Konkan, and the Arabian Sea marks the western boundary. The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്‍വ്വതം The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്‍വ്വതം The Arabian Sea ( Arabic: بحر العرب transliterated: Baḥr al-'Arab Sanskrit: सिन्धु सागर transliterated: The southern boundary is the Gangavali River. The Mayura River forms the northern boundary.

The Gangavali flows in the district of North Canara ("Uttara Kannada") in present-day "Karnataka State"; the cis-Gangavali portion (seen from Bombay) of this district is the southern-most part of the Konkan. Uttara Kannada ( Kannada ಉತ್ತರ ಕನ್ನಡ) is a district in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India The towns of Gokarn, Guhagar, Honavar, and Karwar fall within the Konkan. Gokarna may refer to Gokarna India Gokarna Nepal WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Guhagar is a Census town in Ratnagiri district in the Indian state of WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Honavar or Honnavar (Kannada ಹೊನ್ನಾವರ is a Port Town in WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Karwar ( Kannada: '''ಕಾರವಾರ''' Konkani / Marathi - कर्वार

The exact identity of the Mayura River, the northern limits of the historic Konkan, is indeterminate.

Ethnology

The Gramit or Gamit tribals of the Maharashtra Konkan (districts of Sindhudurg, Ratnagiri, Raigad or Alibag or Colaba, Mumbai Urban, Mumbai Suburban and Thane in "Maharashtra State") are the original Konkani proletariat of the Maharashtra Konkan, who have been driven into forest lands and reduced to tribal and "low caste" status by Marathi and Gujarati colonists in the Konkan. Sindhudurg ( Marathi सिंधुदुर्ग is a fortress which occupies an islet in the Arabian Sea, just off the coast of Maharashtra in western WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ratnāgiri ( Marathi:रत्नागिरी is a port city on the Arabian Sea coast WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Thane ( Marathi / Konkani: ठाणे (formerly Thana) is a city in Maharashtra

Gamit is the Prakritic form of the Sanskrit Gramit, which means a legal constituent of a Grama or a village-commune. Prakrit (also transliterated as Pracrit) ( Sanskrit: prākṛta प्राकृत (from pra-kṛti प्रकृति according to one Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical By definition of the Hindu social order, a forest-dweller, Adivasi or "low-caste" person cannot be a Gramit. Therefore, that the Gamits are today of a low status is proof that they have suffered social, political and economic degradation as a result of dispossession or displacement.

It is also certain that the "Konknni", "Konkna", "Konknni", "Koknni" and "Kunkna" tribals native to the territories of Maharashtra Konkan, Dadra & Nagar-Haveli, Daman and Cis-Narmada Gujarat, are also descended from displaced Konkani proletariat driven into forest lands and reduced in status by Marathi and Gujarati colonists. Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST

The "Greater Konkan" or "Sapta-Konkan" (literally, "Seven Konkans") of ancient Hindu records is the Konkan plus the further ethnic homelands of Haiva (trans-Gangavali part of "Uttara Kannada"), Tuluva (largely "Dakshina Kannada" or the Districts of Udipi and South Canara, and lastly the "Keralapatti", which is Kerala or Malabar District. The Tuluvas ( Tulu: ತುಳುವ are speakers of the Tulu language. Dakshina Kannada ( Kannada & Tulu:ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ (earlier known as South Kanara, or South Canara) is a coastal Udupi ( Kannada, Tulu: ಉಡುಪಿ Odipu, Konkani - उडुपी) is a city and the headquarters of the Udupi District in Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; Malabar District was an administrative district of British India and independent India's Madras State.

It is probable that the northern-most boundary of the Konkan, the "Mayura" River, is identical to the Narmada River, but there is no concrete evidence. However, the Dangs prove that the historic Konkan extends at least close to the Narmada.

According to claims made based on the ancient Hindu records, the Konkan originally extended until the Gulf of Cambay. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Khambhat, formerly known as Cambay, is a city and a Municipality in Anand district The matter is uncertain, and will remain so until the present identity of the Mayura River is determined.

The Dangs

The Dangs, meaning "rugged or difficult country", is a country in the Konkan populated by natives speaking the Dangi dialect of Konkani. Dang (also known as The Dangs) is an administrative District in the state of Gujarat in India. Dangi is a small town in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. This small town is located near Kuala Pilah. It was ruled by several petty kings, but after 1947, it was integrated into the Bombay Presidency province, and later into the state of Gujarat, to which it belongs administratively at present.

References


See also

External links

The Konkan Railway (Railway SymbolKR is a company of the Indian Railways which operates along the Konkan coast of India. The Konkan Division is the administrative division in the costal region of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Route 17, or Highway 17 can refer to the following roads Canada Alberta Highway 17 British Columbia Highway 17
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